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1.
自患出血性败血症的棘胸蛙肝脏与腹水中分离出1株革兰氏阴性短杆菌，回归感染证实为此次导致棘胸蛙发病的病原菌，该菌对棘胸蛙的半数致死剂量为1.59×106 cfu/g。表型特征鉴定、16S rDNA与gyrB基因测序显示，该分离菌株为嗜水气单胞菌。该菌株对恩诺沙星、四环素、氟苯尼考等药物敏感，对头孢氨苄、青霉素及磺胺异噁唑等药物耐药。组织病理学观察显示，病蛙脾肿大，白髓坏死、面积显著缩小，红髓纤维架构断裂，脾索消失，大量红细胞瘀滞；心外膜极度肿胀，心包内有大量炎性渗出物；肾小管透明变性，肾间质结缔组织松散；肝细胞肿胀，局灶性坏死；脑组织内神经细胞变性坏死。电镜下可见脾内细胞坏死、纤维断裂，巨噬细胞内吞噬有侵染的菌体，网状细胞逐渐转变为黑色素巨噬细胞。试验结果可为川渝地区棘胸蛙的健康养殖与疾病防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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中华鳖（Amyda sinensis）脾脏在HRP刺激下形态结构的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）免疫中华鳖后，刺激其脾脏的组织结构发生变化。免疫后第五天，动脉周围淋巴鞘（ＰＡＬＳ）内嗜派若宁细胞增多，主要为淋巴母细胞，椭球周围淋巴鞘（ＰＥＬＳ）和红髓则未见变化。免疫后第十天，白髓增殖显著，嗜派若宁细胞增多到整个免疫过程中的最高峰，尤其是ＰＥＬＳ内嗜派若宁细胞数量几乎与ＰＡＬＳ持平。免疫后第十五天，白髓比例明显减少，可见许多处于不同排空程度的淋巴鞘，嗜派若宁细胞也开始减少，ＰＥＬＳ尤为显著，浆细胞增加。免疫后第二十一天，白髓恢复正常，但ＰＡＬＳ附近红髓中装细胞增加明显。免疫后第二十九天，脾脏的结构趋于正常。整个免疫过程中，未见到淋巴小结和生发中心。 相似文献
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中华鳖脾脏在HRP刺激下形态结构的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）免疫中华鳖后，刺激其脾脏的组织结构发生变化。免疫后第五天，动脉周围淋巴鞘（ＰＡＬＳ）内嗜派若宁细胞增多，主要为淋巴母细胞，椭球周围淋巴鞘（ＰＥＬＳ）和红髓则未见变化。免疫后第十天，白髓增殖显著，嗜派若宁细胞增多到整个免疫过程中的最高峰，尤其是ＰＥＬＳ内嗜派若宁细胞数量几乎与ＰＡＬＳ持平。免疫后第十五天，白髓比例明显减少，可见许多处于不同排空程度的淋巴鞘，嗜派若宁细胞也开始减 相似文献
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中华鳖脾脏雄激素受体mRNA 的原位杂交检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用原位杂交技术（In situ hybridization,ISH）研究雄激素受体（Androgen receptor,AR）mRNA在中华鳖（Pelodiseus Sinensis）脾脏的存在及细胞定位。取5只健康成年中华鳖的脾脏,进行石蜡切片。用地高辛标记的寡核苷酸探针对组织切片进行原位杂交（In situ hybridization,ISH）,检测雄激素受体mRNA在脾脏免疫细胞内的表达定位。结果显示,大部分雄激素受体mRNA阳性细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,数量少胞体大且呈不规则形。阳性细胞在脾脏动脉周围淋巴鞘（Pefiatefial lymphatic sheath,PALS）和红髓（Red pulp,RP）内分布密集。椭球周围淋巴鞘（Periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath,PELS）内AR mRNA阳性细胞分布极少。杂交阳性信号物质在细胞质和细胞核均有分布。在标记为阳性的中华鳖脾脏中,推测圆形的阳性细胞可能为B淋巴细胞,而另一部分胞体大且形状不规则的阳性细胞则可能为巨噬细胞。脾脏内AR mRNA的存在进一步证实雄激素可能是调节脾脏等免疫器官功能的因素之一。[中国水产科学,2008,15（2）：337—341] 相似文献
7.
通过光镜技术对野生鲻(Mugil cephalus)的脾脏和头肾进行研究发现:脾脏外有薄层结缔组织纤维被膜覆盖,被膜向内延伸将脾脏分成不规则小叶,无明显小梁,含大量淋巴细胞、血细胞、粒细胞,黑色素巨噬细胞中心较多,脾脏中可见较多并行排列的动脉、静脉和神经束,有椭圆体;头肾与肾脏分离,分左右2叶。头肾为网状淋巴样组织,外被膜极薄,无明显的小梁,无肾单位,分为红血细胞聚集区和白细胞聚集区,有黑色素巨噬细胞中心,相对于脾脏,头肾中的动脉和静脉的数量较少。研究结果表明:头肾和脾脏组织是鲻的重要造血器官和免疫器官。 相似文献
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介绍了芦溪棘胸蛙国家级水产种质资源保护区的总体情况与有利条件,分析了目前存在的主要问题,提出了棘胸蛙保护健康发展的对策。 相似文献
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二价金属离子在海洋无脊椎动物免疫相关酶的活力调控中发挥重要作用。为了解二价金属离子对光棘球海胆免疫相关酶活力的影响,采用生化方法研究了8种二价金属离子在体外不同浓度下对光棘球海胆体腔液中酸/碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酚氧化酶和髓过氧化物酶活力的影响。结果显示,Cu~(2+)可明显增强碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和酚氧化酶的活力;Mn~(2+)对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和髓过氧化物酶有强烈的激活作用;Zn~(2+)对超氧化物歧化酶和酚氧化酶有强烈的抑制作用;Fe~(2+)抑制过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活力;Ca~(2+)对酸性磷酸酶和髓过氧化物酶有抑制作用;Mg~(2+)对碱性磷酸酶有抑制作用;Cd~(2+)对超氧化物歧化酶和酚氧化酶有抑制作用;Pb~(2+)对过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和酚氧化酶有抑制作用。试验结果表明,适宜浓度的Mn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对光棘球海胆的非特异性免疫系统可能有促进作用,而Fe~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)可能会削弱光棘球海胆的免疫应答能力。 相似文献
11.
This study was conducted to gain insight into the characteristics of algal blooms in relation to the marine environment of
Gamak Bay. From the first known occurrence of algal blooms in 1984 until 2006, 23 causal species have been identified, the
most common ones being Prorocentrum sp., Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, and Heterosigma akashiwo. A principal component analysis indicated that blooms of these species develop under different conditions in terms of water
temperature, salinity, precipitation, and insolation. Field data showed Cochlodinium polykrikoides to be favored by high temperatures and to be euryhaline, whereas Skeletonema costatum appeared to be eurythermal and euryhaline. Prorocentrum sp. and Chaetoceros sp. appeared to be stenothermal and stenohaline. Finally, Heterosigma akashiwo appeared at the lowest temperature and highest salinity of the five species and was classified here as stenothermal and stenohaline. 相似文献
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G. Immanuel T. Citarasu V. Sivaram M. Michael Babu A. Palavesam 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(2):137-152
One of the major problems in the shrimp culture industry is the difficulty in producing high-quality shrimp larvae. In larviculture,
quality feeds containing a high content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and ingredients that stimulate stress and
disease resistance are essential to produce healthy shrimp larvae. In the present study, Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL15) were fed for 25 days on an unenriched Artemia diet (control; A) or on a diet of Artemia enriched with either HUFA-rich liver oil of the trash fish Odonus niger (B), probionts [Lactobacillus acidophilus (C1) or yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (C2)] or biomedicinal herbal products (D) that have anti-stress, growth-promoting and anti-microbial characteristics. P. monodon postlarvae fed unenriched Artemia exhibited the lowest weight gain (227.9 ± 8.30 mg) and specific growth rate (9.95 ± 0.05%), while those fed the HUFA-enriched
Artemia (B) exhibited the highest weight gain and specific growth rate (362.34 ± 12.56 mg and 11.77 ± 0.08%, respectively). At the
end of the 25-day rearing experiment, the shrimp postlarvae (PL40) were subjected to a salinity stress study. At both low
and high (0 and 50‰) salinities, the group fed the control diet (A) experienced the highest cumulative mortality indices (CMI)
935.7 ± 2.1 and 1270.7 ± 3.1, respectively. Those fed diet D showed the lowest stress-induced mortality, and CMI were reduced
by 31.1 and 32.3% under conditions of low and high salinity stress, respectively. A 10-day disease challenge test was conducted
with the P. monodon postlarvae (PL40–PL50) by inoculating the shrimp with the pathogen Vibrio harveyi at the rate of 105–107 CFU/ml in all rearing tanks. P. monodon postlarvae fed probiont-encapsulated Artemia diets (C1 and C2) exhibited the highest survival (94.3 and 82.3%, respectively) and lowest pathogen load (V. harveyi) in hepatopancreas (5.2 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 and 4.6 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) and muscle (2.0 × 102 ± 6 × 10 and 1.7 × 102 ± 8.6 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) tissues. The shrimp that were fed the unenriched Artemia (Control; A) showed the lowest survival (26.33%) and highest bacterial load in the hepatopancreas (1.0 × 105 ± 5 × 103 CFU g−1) and muscle (3.6 × 104 ± 6 × 102 CFU g−1). The shrimp fed the herbal product (D)-enriched Artemia also exhibited enhanced survival and reduced V. harveyi load in the tissues tested compared to the control diet (A) group. The results are discussed in terms of developing a quality
larval feed to produce healthy shrimp larvae. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Araceli Hipólito-Morales A. M. Maeda-Martínez S. F. Martínez-Díaz 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(1):85-90
The effect of Microbacterium sp. strain 8L and Exiguobacterium mexicanum strain 8N was evaluated in the diet of Artemia under xenic conditions. Viable cultures of bacteria were provided to xenic cultures of Artemia in combination with Sacharomyces cerevisiae, cornflour or Spirulina, and the effect on the survival and growth was recorded. The use of these bacterial strains improves significantly the survival
of Artemia independently of the used food (P < 0.05), and variable results were observed in the growth. 相似文献
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养殖大菱鲆中牙鲆肠弧菌的分离鉴定及组织病理学 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2007年1月,山东省胶南某养殖场人工养殖的大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）发生严重病害并大批死亡。病鱼的主要症状是体表溃疡,腹腔积液,肠道肿胀,肝脏萎缩,胆囊暗绿色等。从病鱼胆囊中分离纯化得到优势菌株,命名为da3。人工感染试验证实,该菌株对大菱鲆有较强的致病性。对体重为25 g的大菱鲆的半数致死量为每尾鱼2×106 cfu。通过细菌16S rDNA序列测定及形态学和生理生化特征研究确定,该病原菌为牙鲆肠弧菌（Vibrio ichthyoenteri）。组织病理学观察表明,病鱼的肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠道和脑的微观结构发生了明显的病理变化,由此引起的器官功能衰竭可能是病鱼死亡的主要原因。本文结果对大菱鲆细菌性病害的控制具有参考价值。 相似文献
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Bacillus subtilis isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) was incorporated into the rearing water of Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) at four different concentrations (5 × 108 cells ml−1, 5 × 107 cells ml−1, 5 × 106 cells ml−1 and 5 × 105 cells ml−1) and its effect on fish growth performance and survival, water quality parameters and bacterial population of water were
assessed. The results showed that the addition of bacterial cells in the rearing water resulted in greater survival and a
faster growth rate and, hence, greater length and weight increments of the livebearers. The use of a bioaugmentor in the rearing
water of the livebearing fishes resulted in significantly lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of dissolved organic matter and total ammonium nitrogen. The counts of motile aeromonads and total
coliforms recorded in the water of bioaugmented tanks were also lower than that in the control tank. Bioaugmentation between
106 and 108 cells ml−1 in the rearing water is sufficient in establishing a bioaugmentor and the use of a higher concentration of bacterial cells
did not always lead to significantly better results. 相似文献
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2014年7月至2015年5月采集南海北部陆架海域的多齿蛇鲻(Sauridatumbil)和花斑蛇鲻(Sauridaundosquamis)样本,测量其叉长、体重、性腺成熟度,并读取其耳石和日龄数据,对这2个种的生物学特征进行比较,发现多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻叉长、体重雌雄间差异显著(P0.05)。多齿蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为109～310 mm、117～283 mm,体重范围分别为13～358 g、20～297 g,日龄范围分别为76～558 d、73～526 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=278 mm, L_(∞♂)=276 mm; K_♀=1.30, K_♂=1.30; t_(0♀)=-0.07 a, t_(0♂)=-0.08 a。雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从350～400 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在3月、7月、9—10月。花斑蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为105～269 mm、95～264 mm,体重范围分别为11～220 g、8～228 g,日龄范围分别为79～486 d、84～488 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=269 mm, L_(∞♂)=265 mm, K_♀=1.29, K_♂=1.29, t_(0♀)=-0.06 a, t_(0♂)=-0.06 a,雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从200～250 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在6—11月。与历史资料进行对比,发现南海海域多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻出现个体大小逐渐减小、性成熟提前等适应性特征。结论认为,为了南海多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻渔业资源的可持续发展,需要降低南海近海的捕捞压力以促进南海渔业资源的发展。 相似文献
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为探讨养殖水体底栖鱼类肠道排泄物对铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏的影响,将青鱼和鲇肠道排泄物与铜绿微囊藻休眠体用野外养殖水域沉积物(底泥)混匀包埋,在10、15和20°C梯度温度下进行休眠体复苏实验。结果显示,铜绿微囊藻休眠体主要复苏期为第3～15天,在10和15°C条件下,青鱼排泄物组(MP)、鲇排泄物组(SA)和青鱼-鲇排泄物混合组(MP-SA)铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏率均显著高于对照组(CK),且MP组也显著高于SA组和MP-SA组;在20°C条件下,MP组铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏率显著高于SA组、MP-SA混合组和CK组,但SA组和MP-SA组与CK组复苏率并无显著性差异。实验过程中MP组沉积物中优势菌群以假单胞菌为主,SA组和MP-SA组优势菌群分别以芽孢杆菌和厚壁菌为主,第0～12天为菌群增殖期,且此期间沉积物-水体界面(SWI)实验MP组、SA组和MP-SA组溶解氧含量(DO)和氮磷比(N/P)均显著低于对照组。研究表明,青鱼和鲇肠道排泄物能促进铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏,且这种促复苏效果在低温区间(10～15°C)更显著,可能是排泄物中菌群在生长增殖期降低了沉积物-水体界面N/P和DO的结果。研究结果对养殖水体底泥清淤和春季铜绿微囊藻水华防控具有一定的理论意义。 相似文献
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归纳了白鲟、长江鲟、中华鲟近40年自然资源量变化情况,统计了长江鲟和中华鲟人工增殖放流数据,评估了增殖放流成效。因物种特性和分布的差异,放流无效的原因迥异。过度捕捞使人工放流长江鲟在放流后6个月之内难逃被“误捕”,而中华鲟放流数量不足及长江和近海过度捕捞导致中华鲟人工增殖放流的贡献甚微,其结果是长江鲟和中华鲟增殖放流均无法达到自然繁殖群体的补充水平。本文探究了近40年来白鲟、中华鲟和长江鲟在保护、管理和决策上存在的误区和不足,提出在生态大保护的背景下,(1)应编制和实施《长江鲟拯救行动计划》优先项目;(2)应以《中华鲟拯救行动计划》为指引,在就地保护、迁地保护和遗传多样性保护方面提出更具有可操作性的优先计划;(3)应设立中华鲟和长江鲟物种拯救行动计划专项,对现有涉栖息地或保护区生态补偿项目进行优化整合。唯有以恢复长江鲟和中华鲟自然繁殖为核心,才有望延续和恢复其自然种群,实现人与自然的和谐共处,推动长江流域社会经济绿色可持续发展。 相似文献
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2017年8月,天津市滨海新区某养殖场大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)发生病害,累计死亡率约为25%,患病鱼体表无明显症状。通过肉眼和病理组织切片观察发现,患病鱼肾脏、脾脏、肝脏和肠道存在大量圆形结节,肾脏、肝脏和脾脏组织病变明显,肾小管坏死,肝细胞脂肪变性,脾脏中存在大量的坏死细胞。此外,在脾脏和肾脏组织中发现大量的抗酸杆菌。利用传统病原菌分离方法,从具有典型症状的濒死大菱鲆肾脏组织分离到优势菌株myco-10,利用该菌株注射攻毒能导致健康大菱鲆66.7%的死亡率,且表现出与自然发病鱼相同的症状。采用16S rDNA、Hsp65、ropB基因序列分析,构建系统发育树并结合细菌形态特征、生理生化测试对菌株myco-10进行鉴定,结果显示,菌株myco-10的16SrDNA、Hsp65、ropB基因序列与分枝杆菌属细菌(Mycobacteriumspp.)相似度最高,且在系统发育树中与海分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriummarinum)和溃疡分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumulcerans)聚为一簇,生理生化反应与海分枝杆菌一致。综合生理生化特征和基因序列分析结果,将菌株myco-10鉴定为海分枝杆菌。这是中国首例分枝杆菌引起大菱鲆病害的报道,可为大菱鲆内脏结节病的防治提供参考资料。 相似文献