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1.
通过标准地调查和生物量实测相结合的方法,对布设等高反坡阶后滇中云南松林生态系统碳储量特征进行估算,并分析了8 a后生态系统各层碳增量及分配格局。结果表明:布设等高反坡阶后云南松林乔木层、凋落物层、灌木层和草本层生物量分别比对照高出9.07%,9.29%,8.17%和13.24%,各层高低依次表现为乔木层（75.65 t/hm2） > 凋落物层（23.69 t/hm2） > 灌木层（4.68 t/hm2） > 草本层（1.80 t/hm2）;等高反坡阶处理下云南松林生态系统碳储量比对照高出27.10%,各层碳储量由高到低依次为土壤层（132.09 t/hm2） > 乔木层（35.32 t/hm2） > 凋落物层（5.94 t/hm2） > 灌木层（2.11 t/hm2） > 草本层（0.74 t/hm2）,分别占总碳储量的72.12%,22.26%,3.86%,1.31%和0.45%。等高反坡阶处理下云南松林生态系统的碳增量显著高于对照（29.68%）,乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物和土壤层分别高出31.76%,28.21%,27.17%,15.54%和34.92%,说明等高反坡阶可有效促进植物生长,提高植被层及土壤层碳储量积累,因此人工造林时可因地制宜适度应用一定的等高反坡阶措施,加快当地碳库及生态环境的恢复速率,提高森林生态系统的生产能力。 相似文献
2.
土壤盐碱化是中国西北干旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键制约因素之一。为探讨联合施用褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良的效果,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展了连续2 a的田间试验,分析了褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对种植向日葵的盐碱农田土壤理化性质和水肥利用效率的影响。试验设置了6个处理：只施用化肥的对照处理(CK)、只施用2 t/hm2褐煤有机肥的处理(LBF),以及4个褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用的处理,即在施用2 t/hm2褐煤有机肥基础之上再分别施用5(LBF+F5)、10(LBF+F10)、15(LBF+F15)、20(LBF+F20)t/hm2脱硫石膏。结果表明：在0～40 cm土层,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用显著改变了土壤盐分组成,增加了土壤中可溶性Ca2+、SO42-和Mg2+的含量,降低了可溶性Na+、CO32-和HCO3-的含量。与对照处理相比,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用处理使0～20 cm土层土壤pH... 相似文献
3.
生态交错带是全球气候变化的最敏感区域,因而对生态交错带不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳的研究,可为生态交错带土地利用和有效管理提供基础数据。岷江上游山地森林－干旱河谷交错带6种土地利用类型的土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量均随土壤深度的增加而降低;土壤有机碳储量的大小顺序为天然川滇高山栎次生林（104.15±4.84t/hm2）>灌木林地（100.84±2.43t/hm2）>灌丛地（97.35±15.21t/hm2）>经济林（85.16±10.58t/hm2）>人工刺槐林（70.78±12.43t/hm2）>农耕地（56.56±7.21t/hm2）;农耕地转变为人工刺槐林和经济林后,其土壤有机碳储量分别增加了25.13%和50.56%;人为干扰以及交错带生态系统的脆弱性及其叠加效应是导致岷江上游山地森林－干旱河谷交错带不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳储量偏低的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
盱眙县墨西哥柏人工林含碳率与碳储量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取盱眙县墨西哥柏人工林为研究对象,对其灌木层、草本层、枯枝落叶层、土壤层进行了碳储量研究。结果表明:灌木层枝、干、叶、根的含碳率依次48.92%,48.49%,49.74%和48.04%,器官含碳率大小表现为C叶 > C枝 > C干 > C根,草本层是地上部分含碳率大于地下部分含碳率,枯枝落叶层的含碳率表现为C叶 > C枝,土壤层的含碳率随着土壤深度的增加而降低,0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层之间土壤含碳率的差异性显著。墨西哥柏人工林生态系统现存碳储量67.31 t/hm2,其中灌木层1.21 t/hm2,占总碳储量的1.8%;草本层0.08 t/hm2,占总碳储量的0.12%;枯枝落叶层0.02 t/hm2,占总碳储量的0.03%;土壤层66 t/hm2,占总碳储量的98.05%,可见碳储量主要集中在土壤层中。 相似文献
5.
宝天曼自然保护区森林土壤碳氮储量分布格局分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
森林土壤碳氮储量是森林生态系统物质循环的基础,关系着全球的气候变化。为了认识宝天曼森林土壤碳氮储量的分布格局,以内乡宝天曼自然保护区森林土壤为研究对象,采用土壤剖面调查方法,分析比较了内乡宝天曼土壤碳氮储量和碳氮比与海拔、林龄和土壤类型的关系。结果表明:该区域森林土壤碳储量为14.24～137.97 t/hm2,平均值为82.05 t/hm2,土壤氮储量在0.75～6.89 t/hm2范围,平均值为3.98 t/hm2;土壤碳氮储量与海拔和林龄符合正相关的线性关系,随着海拔的升高和林龄的增大而升高,变化趋势明显,碳氮比保持在20左右;土壤碳氮储量在不同林型间的差异很大;不同土壤类型之间,山地棕壤的碳氮储量极显著高于山地黄棕壤和山地褐土（p<0.01）。该研究揭示了宝天曼自然保护区森林土壤碳氮储量的空间分布规律,对于宝天曼自然保护区森林应对气候变化、森林植被恢复及森林生态系统的管理和保护具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
灌水量和生物有机肥对滴灌枣田水盐动态及土壤养分属性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过探究不同灌溉水平下施用生物有机肥对红枣田土壤水分、盐分及土壤养分属性的影响,为红枣种植提供适宜的水肥方案。设置2个灌溉水平(W1:6 000 m3/hm2,W2:6 600 m3/hm2),3个基施水平(S1:1 200 kg/hm2,S2:1 650 kg/hm2,S3:2 100 kg/hm2),以不施加生物有机肥作为对照(W1CK,W2CK),共8个处理,开展田间试验。施加生物有机肥可以提高土壤含水率、土壤有机质和总碳含量,且同一灌溉水平下,随施肥量的增加均表现为S3>S2>S1>CK。W1灌溉水平下,较CK处理相比,施加生物有机肥后0—150 cm土壤含水率、土壤有机质和总碳含量分别提高3.20%～17.97%,9.96%～20.31%,2.03%～5.42%,W2灌溉水平下,较CK处理相比,各项指标分别提高5.37%～20.19%,6.55%～21.18%,2.09%～6.34%。施加生物有机肥可以降低... 相似文献
7.
准确评估区域范围内森林生态系统的固碳能力和趋势,系统分析不同森林类型的固碳能力时空异质性,对于实现森林可持续经营和固碳增汇具有重要意义。以河南省第八次森林资源清查数据为基础,运用生物量扩展因子法,研究了河南省乔木林植被的碳储量及碳密度特征。结果表明:2013年河南省乔木林植被碳储量7 422.78万t,其中栎类、杨树2个（组）树种植被碳储量占全省乔木林植被碳储量的67.32%。河南省乔木林植被平均碳密度为24.31 t/hm2,低于全国平均水平。河南省乔木林以幼、中龄林为主,其植被碳储量分别占全省乔木林植被碳储量的34.09%和40.84%。河南省天然林、人工林植被的碳储量相差不大,分别为3 512.35万t和3 910.43万t;平均碳密度分别为26.72 t/hm2,22.49 t/hm2。研究表明河南省乔木林植被,特别是人工林,未来固碳潜力巨大,将会在森林植被碳储量中占有越来越重要的地位。 相似文献
8.
脱硫石膏溶解产生的Ca2+会和土壤中含碳的阴离子（CO32-、HCO3-）反应，最终将CO2吸收并固定为土壤无机碳。脱硫石膏在碱土改良中的无机固碳作用对实现“碳中和”具有重要意义。以新疆阜康三工河流域的荒漠碱土为研究对象，以脱硫石膏为钙源物对0~20 cm土层进行改良。探究不同时间0~40 t?hm-2脱硫石膏施用量下土壤无机碳（SIC）和土壤无机碳密度（SICD）的变化，从而研究碱土改良中的无机固碳作用。结果表明：施用脱硫石膏能显著减轻土壤碱害（pH下降），增加土壤盐分同时具有无机固碳效果（SIC和SICD上升）（P < 0.05）。脱硫石膏最佳施用量为30 t?hm-2，此时改良土层pH降至最低（8.24）。改良后0~46d SIC含量相较对照组增加0.93 g?kg-1，SICD增加0.29 kg?m-2（即CO2固定量为1.06 kg?m-2）。改良过程中，脱硫石膏施用量与SIC、SO42-和Ca2+呈显著正相关（P < 0.05），与pH、CO32-、HCO3-和Na+呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）。气候因子对土壤无机固碳存在影响，增大相对湿度和降水量会抑制SIC含量和SICD增加，而增大风速、温度和太阳总辐射则有促进作用。研究结果为施用脱硫石膏改良碱土能增加土壤固碳潜力提供了直接证据。 相似文献
9.
间伐对油松人工林碳储量的长期影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
间伐不仅能改变人工林林木生长状况,还会影响整个森林碳储量,研究间伐对人工林碳固存的长期影响,有助于准确评价人工林的碳汇功能,为人工林的科学经营管理提供参考。2016年8月,以黄土高原森林区营造于1962年,间伐于1985年的4种(强度间伐、中度间伐、轻度间伐、对照)油松人工林为对象,保留密度分别为800,1 500,2 200,2 900株/hm~2,研究了间伐对油松人工林不同植被层、叶凋落物、粗木质残体和土壤有机碳库的影响。结果表明:轻度和中度间伐下油松人工林系统碳储量较对照显著提高了28.54%和21.33%,强度间伐碳储量(154.66t/hm~2)与对照(169.26t/hm~2)无显著差异。乔木层是油松人工林的主要碳库,占人工林总碳储量的64.85%~74.62%。不同处理下乔木层树干碳储量所占比例最高(52.05%~56.43%),树根和树枝次之(22.27%~22.60%和17.73%~18.32%),树叶最低(3.56%~7.01%)。中度和强度间伐下在提高林下灌草多样性的同时,总的灌草碳储量分别比对照高24.27%和25.24%。间伐显著降低了叶凋落物碳储量,其中,强度间伐下的叶凋落物只有对照的48.15%。土壤碳库的变化主要是由土壤表层0—20cm有机碳变动所引起,中度和强度间伐土壤表层碳储量较对照分别减少了17.68%和33.76%,而轻度间伐(51.23t/hm~2)与对照(50.96t/hm~2)无显著差异。土壤表层碳储量与植物多样性和基础呼吸呈显著负相关。轻度和中度间伐有助于森林生态系统碳固定,其中轻度间伐不仅有利于地上植被碳固定,而且还有助于土壤碳库的维持。 相似文献
10.
秸秆生物炭对黏壤土入渗规律的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为提高干旱半干旱区耕作土壤灌溉水的利用效率,采用秸秆生物碳对黏壤土进行改良,并用3种经典入渗模型进行入渗模拟,寻求适于描述研究区土壤入渗规律的模型及改良方案。采用双环入渗试验测定4种生物炭施用水平（10 t/hm2,20 t/hm2,30 t/hm2,50 t/hm2）的田间作物生育期内土壤含水率、入渗速率及累积入渗量,分别采用Green-Ampt模型、Philip模型和Kostiakov经验公式对试验组与对照组（CK）的入渗过程进行模拟。结果表明:施用量为30 t/hm2较CK效果最为明显,施用层（0—40 cm）入渗速率增加44.6%,耕作层土壤含水率增加8.9%,累积入渗量增加45.45%。比较3种模型的入渗过程拟合结果,认为Kostiakov经验公式拟合的效果符合实测规律,可为研究区改良土壤水分入渗过程提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Eric Schultz Thomas DeSutter David Franzen 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(15):1792-1803
Reclamation of sodic soils is proving increasingly vital as greater land area becomes salt-affected in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) can be an agriculturally important resource for increasing land productivity through the amelioration of sodic soils. Biochar is also considered as an aid in reclaiming degraded soils. In this incubation study, two rates of FGDG (33.6 Mg ha?1 and 66.2 Mg ha?1), two rates of biochar made from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) pulp (16.8 Mg ha?1), and one rate of FGDG combined with one rate of biochar (33.6 Mg ha?1 ea.) were applied to a sodic soil. Soil physicochemical properties, including cationic exchange, pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SARe), total organic carbon (TOC), water retention, and soil respiration rate, were assessed during and at the end of the incubation period. Addition of FGDG to sodic soil increased ECe from 3.5 to 8.4 dS m?1 and decreased SARe from 16 to 9. Biochar addition to sodic soil increased TOC from 62.2 to 99.5 μg g?1 and increased soil respiration rate (mg C kg?1 soil day?1) on every measurement period. When FGDG and biochar were both added to the sodic soil, TOC did not significantly improve; however, ECe increased from 3.5 to 7.7 dS m?1, SARe decreased from 16 to 9, and soil respiration rate increased for all measurements. The results confirm there is potential for FGDG and biochar to reclaim sodic soils alone, and applied in combination. 相似文献
12.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(1):189-198
Carbon accumulation is an important research topic for grassland restoration. It is requisite to determine the dynamics of the soil carbon pools [soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC)] for understanding regional carbon budgets. In this study, we chose a grassland restoration chronosequence (cropland, 0 years; grasslands restored for 5, 15 and 30 years, i.e. RG5, RG15 and RG30, respectively) to compare the SOC and SIC pools in different soil profiles. Our results showed that SOC stock in the 0‐ to 100‐cm soil layer showed an initial decrease in RG5 and then an increase to net C gains in RG15 and RG30. Because of a decrease in the SIC stock, the percentage of SOC stock in the total soil C pool increased across the chronosequence. The SIC stock decreased at a rate of 0·75 Mg hm−2 y−1. The change of SOC was higher in the surface (0–10 cm, 0·40 Mg hm−2 y−1) than in the deeper soil (10–100 cm, 0·33 Mg hm−2 y−1) in RG5. The accumulation of C commenced >5 years after cropland conversion. Although the SIC content decreased, the SIC stock still represented a larger percentage of the soil C pool. Moreover, the soil total carbon showed an increasing trend during grassland restoration. Our results indicated that the soil C sequestration featured an increase in SOC, offsetting the decrease in SIC at the depth of 0–100 cm in the restored grasslands. Therefore, we suggest that both SOC and SIC should be considered during grassland restoration in semi‐arid regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
选取河西走廊的草甸盐土区域,进行了盐碱土改良材料对草甸盐土理化性质和玉米产量及经济效益的影响研究。结果表明,复合型盐碱土改良材料因素间最佳组合为:A2B3C3D1E2(硫酸铝800g,硫磺900g,石膏4 500g,糠醛渣800g,聚乙稀二醇60g)。盐碱土改良材料施用量与草甸盐土总孔隙度、团粒结构、自然含水量、脱盐率呈正相关,与容重、pH值、EC和全盐含量呈负相关。盐碱土改良材料由0.61t/hm2,增加到1.22和1.85t/hm2,玉米幼苗生长发育、玉米的植物学性状随着改良材料施用量的增大呈上升趋势。盐碱土改良材料施用量由0.61t/hm2,增加到1.22和1.85t/hm2时,玉米经济性状和产量随着盐碱土改良材料施用量的增加而增加。当盐碱土改良材料用量超过1.85t/hm2时,玉米经济性状和产量随着盐碱土改良材料施用量的增加而降低。盐碱土改良材料施用量为1.85t/hm2时,边际产值、边际利润、增产值、利润、产投比达到最大值。盐碱土改良材料适宜用量为1.83t/hm2时,玉米的预测产量为6.29t/hm2,计算结果与田间试验处理4结果相吻合。 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):827-844
Inceptisols and Vertisols are two dominant soil orders that support major agricultural production in India. These soils often exist in semi-arid and arid regions. Low precipitation and high evaporation demand leads to salt accumulation in these areas. The problem of salt accumulation is further compounded by the presence of saline/alkaline groundwaters. We evaluated the effect of modified Ca/Mg waters on ionic composition, dispersion, and clay flocculation of sodic Inceptisols, saline-sodic Inceptisols, and normal Vertisols from different parts of India. A completely randomized factorial design with three replications of individual soils were sequentially leached with five pore volumes of deionized, saline water of 60 and 120 me L?1 total electrolyte concentration (TEC) at a fixed SAR of 5.0 mmol1/2 L?1/2 and Ca:Mg ratio of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2. Application of saline waters decreased pH and increased EC of the soil leachates after leaching five pore volumes of three Ca/Mg ratios of 60 and 120 me L?1 solutions in sodic Inceptisols and normal Vertisols. In saline-sodic Inceptisols, application of saline waters decreased both pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil leachates. Preferential Ca2+ holding in soil was only noticed in sodic Inceptisols when leaching process was performed with independent saline waters, but Mg2+ has a tendency to hold in soil upon application of independent saline waters for all soils except sodic Inceptisols. Periodic application of deionized water could increase soil dispersion and decreased flocculation of clay particles. Mg2+ ion had less flocculating vis-à-vis high-dispersion effect on soil clays than the Ca2+ ion. 相似文献
15.
Zhiping Yang Long Liang Xunzhong Zhang Yongliang Wang Caixia Guo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(4):526-534
Soil salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) is valuable waste resource which can be used to improve saline soil. Monolith lysimeter leaching experiment was conducted with FGDG in heavily saline-sodic soil of northwest China. The four FGDG treatments with nine replicates for each treatment were applied when the FGDG rate was 0, 15, 30, and 60 t ha?1, respectively. Undisturbed sodic-saline soil was carefully collected in the 40-cm deep soil column. The results indicated that improvement effect on the depth of 0–10 cm soil layer was the best when the rate of FGDG was 60 t ha?1. It can reduce pH by 1.85, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) by 44%, and exchangeable Na+ by 7.37 cmol/kg in top soil layer. The values of the above soil parameters fell in the normal range due to FGDG treatment. At the same time, FGDG application reduced soil bulk density and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity. But from the maize growth, the emergence rate, plant height, shoot, and root weight were the best when the FGDG rate was 30 t ha?1. The results also showed that the FGDG application increased soil electrical conductivity value. Therefore, it is quite necessary to move saline ions into the deep soil layer through leaching process. Although effect of FGDG treatment of 60 t ha?1 on top soil was the best, considering the improvement effects of entire soil profile, we recommend that the optimum rate of FGDG was 30 t ha?1. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Sodic and saline–sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of sodium (Na+) at levels that result in poor physical properties and fertility problems, adversely affecting the growth and yield of most crops. These soils can be brought back to a highly productive state by providing a soluble source of calcium (Ca2+) to replace excess Na+ on the cation exchange complex. Many sodic and saline–sodic soils contain inherent or precipitated sources of Ca2+, typically calcite (CaCO3), at varying depths within the profile. Unlike other Ca2+ sources used in the amelioration of sodic and saline‐sodic soils, calcite is not sufficiently soluble to effect the displacement of Na+ from the cation exchange complex. In recent years, phytoremediation has shown promise for the amelioration of calcareous sodic and saline–sodic soils. It also provides financial or other benefits to the farmer from the crops grown during the amelioration process. In contrast to phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, phytoremediation of sodic and saline–sodic soils is achieved by the ability of plant roots to increase the dissolution rate of calcite, resulting in enhanced levels of Ca2+ in soil solution to replace Na+ from the cation exchange complex. Research has shown that this process is driven by the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) within the root zone, the generation of protons (H+) released by roots of certain plant species, and to a much smaller extent the enhanced Na+ uptake by plants and its subsequent removal from the field at harvest. Enhanced levels of PCO2 and H+ assist in increasing the dissolution rate of calcite. This results in the added benefit of improved physical properties within the root zone, enhancing the hydraulic conductivity and allowing the leaching of Na+ below the effective rooting depth. This review explores these driving forces and evaluates their relative contribution to the phytoremediation process. This will assist researchers and farm advisors in choosing appropriate crops and management practices to achieve maximum benefit during the amelioration process. 相似文献
17.
云南省土壤有机碳储量估算及空间分布 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
根据云南省第二次土壤普查资料,采用土壤类型法估算了云南省主要土壤类型的有机碳(SOC)密度和储量,并对云南省土壤有机碳密度的空间分布差异和影响土壤有机碳储量的主要因子进行了分析。结果表明,云南省0-20 cm土层平均SOC密度为59.77 t/hm2,SOC储量为2.30×109 t;0-100 cm土层平均SOC密度为159.95 t/hm2,SOC储量为6.15×109 t,占全国储量的7.28%,占全球陆地生态系统SOC储量的0.41%;其中SOC储量占前4位的土壤类型为红壤、黄棕壤、赤红壤、棕壤,不同深度下4者之和约占云南省总储量的60%。在土壤有机碳密度空间分布上,SOC密度分布最高的区域为云南省西北部和东北部地区,其次是西部的横断山脉和东部的云南高原地区,而以紫色土为主的中北部地区SOC密度则最低。由于降雨量、温度、海拔和土地利用类型的共同影响,导致了区域内的SOC密度分布不均,其中降雨量、温度和海拔等自然因素是影响SOC密度分布的主要因子。 相似文献
18.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):168-176
Abstract We estimated the carbon (C) sequestration potential of organic matter application in Japanese arable soils at a country scale by applying the Rothamsted carbon (RothC) model at a 1-km resolution. After establishing the baseline soil organic carbon (SOC) content for 1990, a 25-year simulation was run for four management scenarios: A (minimum organic matter application), B (farmyard manure application), C (double cropping for paddy fields) and D (both B and C). The total SOC decreased during the simulation in all four scenarios because the C input in all four scenarios was lower than that required to maintain the baseline 1990 SOC level. Scenario A resulted in the greatest depletion, reflecting the effects of increased organic matter application in the other scenarios. The 25-year difference in SOC accumulation between scenario A and scenarios B, C and D was 32.3, 11.1 and 43.4?Mt?C, respectively. The annual SOC accumulation per unit area was similar to a previous estimate, and the 25-year averages were 0.30, 0.10 and 0.41?t?C?ha?1?year?1 for scenarios B, C and D, respectively. The system we developed in the present study, that is, linking the RothC model and soil spatial data, can be useful for estimating the potential C sequestration resulting from an increase in organic matter input to Japanese arable soils, although more feasible scenarios need to be developed to enable more realistic estimation. 相似文献
19.
基于木本泥炭快速构建红壤新垦耕地优质耕作层技术与效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究木本泥炭对红壤岗地新垦耕地优质耕作层构建的机理以及木本泥炭相对于其他有机物料对红壤新垦耕地的改良效果,采用田间小区试验的方法,研究添加不同有机物料对红壤新垦耕地0—20cm耕作层土壤理化性质和微生物生物量以及水稻产量的影响。试验共设6个不同处理:CK(不添加改良材料)、M30FS(木本泥炭30t/hm2+腐熟秸秆3t/hm2+石灰石粉3.75t/hm2)、M15FS(木本泥炭15t/hm2+腐熟秸秆3t/hm2+石灰石粉3.75t/hm2)、CFS(生物炭15t/hm2+腐熟秸秆3t/hm2+石灰石粉3.75t/hm2)、OFS(有机肥15t/hm2+腐熟秸秆3t/hm2+石灰石粉3.75t/hm2)和FS(腐熟秸秆3t/hm2+石灰石粉3.75t/hm2)。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,添加木本泥炭与有机物料处理显著降低了耕作层土壤容重,提高了土壤总孔隙度和pH,且添加木本泥炭与有机物料处理中土壤肥力均有不同程度提高,其中土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别提高了36.41%～88.53%,2.22%～37.78%,6.25%～93.75%和27.57%～85.60%,土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和有效钾含量分别提高了17.21%～134.85%,1.42%～72.76%,8.71%～156.79%和12.99%～332.39%。(2)添加木本泥炭与有机物料处理对耕作层土壤微生物生物量影响比较明显,与对照相比,各处理中土壤微生物量碳和氮含量分别显著增加了52.95%～219.00%和121.45%～548.73%。(3)添加木本泥炭与有机物料处理中水稻产量均明显提高,其中M30FS增产效果最明显,增幅为39.53%。(4)利用聚类分析方法将添加不同有机物料处理下新垦耕地耕作层土壤质量等级划分为3级,分别为:一级(M30FS)、二级(M15FS,OFS,CFS)、三级(FS,CK),其中经M30FS处理后土壤质量水平等级最高。添加木本泥炭与有机物料可显著降低新垦耕地耕作层土壤容重,提高土壤总孔隙度和pH,解决了红壤黏重和酸化的特征,且土壤养分和微生物量碳、氮含量均得到了提高,改善了土壤理化性状和生物学特征,提高了水稻产量,其中添加30t/hm2木本泥炭对红壤新垦耕地优质耕作层构建效果最明显。 相似文献
20.
通过在太湖地区两种主要水稻土(黄泥土和乌栅土)上的田间小区试验,研究了水稻在不同N水平下对N吸收变化规律、N素表观利用率以及N肥的增产效果和经济效益。研究结果表明:水稻在两种土壤上的吸N速率均在分蘖结束后到开始孕穗即孕穗期最快,施N处理的吸N速率大约在N2.2~4.2kg/(hm2·d)。两种土壤不同施肥处理下化肥N利用率的变化范围在31.6%~46.2%之间,平均为37.6%。N肥最佳施用量黄泥土为N227kg/hm2,乌栅土为N255kg/hm2。 相似文献