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1.
Nader Danehloueipour Heather J. Clarke Guijun Yan Tanveer N. Khan K. H. M. Siddique 《Euphytica》2008,162(2):281-289
The three major leaf types in chickpea are normal compound leaf, simple leaf and multipinnate. Simple leaf types are less
commonly cultivated worldwide and are often reputed to be susceptible to ascochyta blight disease, whereas other leaf types
range from resistant to susceptible. This study determined the association between host plant resistance to ascochyta blight
and different leaf types in segregating populations derived from crosses between disease resistant and susceptible chickpea
genotypes. In addition, the inheritance of disease resistance and leaf type was investigated in intraspecific progeny derived
from crosses between two resistant genotypes with normal leaf type (ICC 3996 and Almaz), one susceptible simple leaf type
(Kimberley Large) and one susceptible multipinnate leaf type (24 B-Isoline). Our results showed that, in these segregating
populations, susceptibility to ascochyta blight was not linked to multipinnate or simple leaf types; resistance to ascochyta
blight depended more on genetic background than leaf shape; leaf type was controlled by two genes with a dihybrid supplementary
gene action; normal leaf type was dominant over other leaf types; and inheritance of ascochyta blight resistance was controlled
by two major genes, one dominant and one recessive. Since there was no linkage between ascochyta blight susceptibility and
leaf type, breeding various leaf types with ascochyta blight resistance is a clear possibility. These results have significant
implications for chickpea improvement, as most current extra large seeded kabuli varieties have a simple leaf type. 相似文献
2.
Ascochyta blight is a major fungal disease affecting chickpea production worldwide. The genetics of ascochyta blight resistance
was studied in five 5 × 5 half-diallel cross sets involving seven genotypes of chickpea (ICC 3996, Almaz, Lasseter, Kaniva,
24B-Isoline, IG 9337 and Kimberley Large), three accessions of Cicer reticulatum (ILWC 118, ILWC 139 and ILWC 184) and one accession of C. echinospermum (ILWC 181) under field conditions. Both F1 and F2 generations were used in the diallel analysis. The disease was rated in the field using a 1–9 scale. Almaz, ICC 3996 and
ILWC 118 were the most resistant (rated 3–4) and all other genotypes were susceptible (rated 6–9) to ascochyta blight. Estimates
of genetic parameters, following Hayman’s method, showed significant additive and dominant gene actions. The analysis also
revealed the involvement of both major and minor genes. Susceptibility was dominant over resistance to ascochyta blight. The
recessive alleles were concentrated in the two resistant chickpea parents ICC 3996 and Almaz, and one C. reticulatum genotype ILWC 118. The wild Cicer accessions may have different major or minor resistant genes compared to the cultivated chickpea. High narrow-sense heritability
(ranging from 82% to 86% for F1 generations, and 43% to 63% for F2 generations) indicates that additive gene effects were more important than non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of
the trait and greater genetic gain can be achieved in the breeding of resistant chickpea cultivars by using carefully selected
parental genotypes. 相似文献
3.
Bernard Tivoli Alain Baranger Carmen M. Avila Sabine Banniza Martin Barbetti Weidong Chen Jenny Davidson Kurt Lindeck Mohammed Kharrat Diego Rubiales Mohamed Sadiki Josefina C. Sillero Mark Sweetingham Fred J. Muehlbauer 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):223-253
Summary Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupin) cause wide spread disease
and severe crop losses throughout the world. Environmental conditions play an important role in the development and spread
of these diseases. Form of inoculum, inoculum concentration and physiological plant growth stage all affect the degree of
infection and the amount of crop loss. Measures to control these diseases have relied on identification of resistant germplasm
and development of resistant varieties through screening in the field and in controlled environments. Procedures for screening
and scoring germplasm and breeding lines for resistance have lacked uniformity among the various programs worldwide. However,
this review highlights the most consistent screening and scoring procedures that are simple to use and provide reliable results.
Sources of resistance to the major necrotrophic fungi are summarized for each of the cool season food legumes. Marker-assisted
selection is underway for Ascochyta blight of pea, lentil and chickpea, and Phomopsis blight of lupin. Other measures such
as fungicidal control and cultural control are also reviewed. The emerging genomic information on the model legume, Medicago truncatula, which has various degrees of genetic synteny with the cool season food legumes, has promise for identification of closely
linked markers for resistance genes and possibly for eventual map-based cloning of resistance genes. Durable resistance to
the necrotrophic pathogens is a common goal of cool season food legume breeders. 相似文献
4.
Mohamed Labdi Rajinder S. Malhotra Ibrahim E. Benzohra Muhammad Imtiaz 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(2):197-199
Inheritance of resistance to race 4 of Ascochyta rabiei was studied in fifteen chickpea accessions known internationally for Ascochyta blight (AB) resistance. Resistance in ILC 200, ILC 5921, ILC 6043 and ILC 6090 was governed by a single recessive gene. Resistance in ILC 202 and ILC 2956 was conferred by two recessive complementary genes. In the case of ILC 5586, resistance was controlled by two dominant complementary genes and in the case of ILC 2506, two recessive genes with epistasis interaction were responsible for resistance. Resistance in ILC 3279, ILC 3856 and ILC 4421 was controlled either by three recessive genes or two recessives duplicated genes and in ILC 72, ILC 182 and ILC 187 resistance was polygenic in nature. The study provided insights into the genetics of Ascochyta blight resistance, and these could be used in crossing programmes to develop durable resistance. While the virulence spectrum of the pathogen in a region plays a crucial role in the deployment of resistance, ILC72, ILC182, ILC200, ILC442 and ILC6090 could provide acceptable level of resistance if incorporated into commercial cultivars. 相似文献
5.
Summary Six chickpea lines resistant to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. were crossed to four susceptible cultivars. The hybrids were resistant in all the crosses except the crosses where resistant line BRG 8 was involved. Segregation pattern for diseases reaction in F2, BCP1, BCP2 and F3 generations in field and glasshouse conditions revealed that resistance to Ascochyta blight is under the control of a single dominant gene in EC 26446, PG 82-1, P 919, P 1252-1 and NEC 2451 while a recessive gene is responsible in BRG 8. Allelic tests indicated the presence of three independently segregating genes for resistance; one dominant gene in P 1215-1 and one in EC 26446 and PG 82-1, and a recessive one in BRG 8.Research paper No. 3600 相似文献
6.
Mapping and validation of QTLs for resistance to an Indian isolate of Ascochyta blight pathogen in chickpea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pratibha Kottapalli Pooran M. Gaur Sanjay K. Katiyar Jonathan H. Crouch Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla Suresh Pande Kishore K. Gali 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):79-88
Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei, is globally the most important foliar disease that limits the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). An intraspecific linkage map of cultivated chickpea was constructed using an F2 population derived from a cross between an AB susceptible parent ICC 4991 (Pb 7) and an AB resistant parent ICCV 04516. The
resultant map consisted of 82 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 2 expressed sequence tag (EST) markers covering 10
linkage groups, spanning a distance of 724.4 cM with an average marker density of 1 marker per 8.6 cM. Three quantitative
trait loci (QTLs) were identified that contributed to resistance to an Indian isolate of AB, based on the seedling and adult
plant reaction. QTL1 was mapped to LG3 linked to marker TR58 and explained 18.6% of the phenotypic variance (R
2) for AB resistance at the adult plant stage. QTL2 and QTL3 were both mapped to LG4 close to four SSR markers and accounted
for 7.7% and 9.3%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variance for AB resistance at seedling stage. The SSR markers which
flanked the AB QTLs were validated in a half-sib population derived from the same resistant parent ICCV 04516. Markers TA146
and TR20, linked to QTL2 were shown to be significantly associated with AB resistance at the seedling stage in this half-sib
population. The markers linked to these QTLs can be utilized in marker-assisted breeding for AB resistance in chickpea. 相似文献
7.
Summary Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the common cultivated type of chickpea in arid and semi-arid environments in the Mediterranean region. Ascochyta blight, (Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.), leaf miner (Liriomyza cicerina, Rond.) and cold, are the three most important stresses on chickpea grown under semi-arid conditions in this region. Phenotypic frequencies for responses to these stresses in the eight major chickpeagrowing regions of the world were estimated from 5,672 kabuli chickpea accessions assembled from these regions. In addition, the accessions were evaluated for 12 morpho-physiological and three phenological characters under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria. Considerable regional differences in frequency distributions for response to the three stresses were observed. Average phenotypic diversity for responses to the three stresses was lower (Ho=0.474) than for morpho-physiological (Ho=0.754) and phenological (Ho=0.812) characters. The highest frequencies of accessions resistance to Ascochyta-blight and leaf-miner were found in South Asia and South Central Asia, respectively. A small number of chickpea breeding materials of ICARDA showed a moderate level of tolerance to cold. A group of four characters showing the strongest bivariate association with each of the three stresses was identified from the latter group. Then, a discrete multivariate log-linear analysis of the five-way frequency table was performed for each group. The simplest log-linear model for each group included both two- and three-factor association terms, but no independent factors. This suggested the potential for indirect selection for stress tolerance using one or more of these associated characters. The roles of these characters in ideotype breeding of kabuli chickpea for arid and semi-arid Mediterranean conditions deserves careful assessment. 相似文献
8.
The genetics of resistance to Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae f. sp. fabae) was studied in two populations of faba bean (Vicia faba). Plants of a resistant population, ILB 752, and a susceptible one, NEB 463, were screened for their reaction to the pathogen
and the results were quantified on a scale of 0–5. Crosses were made between plants both within and between accessions and
the F1 and F2 generations assessed in a field trial 21 and 45 days after inoculation. Disease scores were greater at 45 days than at 21
days and they were not significantly affected by the presence of susceptible spreader rows in part of the trial. ILB 752 carried
a major dominant gene conferring resistance while NEB 463 carried the recessive allele for susceptibility. Furthermore, a
minority of plants of NEB 463 appeared to carry at least one pair of complementary recessive genes, also conferring resistance.
Most of the plants of ILB 752 were homozygous for the dominant resistance gene and a few were heterozygous. Reciprocal crosses
behaved identically, indicating the absence of maternal effects in the expression of Ascochyta blight resistance in faba beans.
The results show that it is important to confirm the level of heterozygosity for the resistance genes in this partially outbreeding
species before crossing is commenced. The major dominant gene for resistance, identified in ILB 752, has clear potential for
use in breeding for Ascochyta blight resistance. The minor genes identified in NEB 463 also show the potential for accumulating
resistance through mass selection.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
S. Rakshit P. Winter M. Tekeoglu J. Juarez Muñoz T. Pfaff A.-M. Benko-Iseppon F.J. Muehlbauer G. Kahl 《Euphytica》2003,132(1):23-30
Resistance of chickpea against the disease caused by the ascomycete Ascochyta rabiei is encoded by two or three quantitative trait loci, QTL1, QTL2 and QTL3. A total of 94 recombinant inbred lines developed
from a wide cross between a resistant chickpea line and a susceptible accession of Cicer reticulatum, a close relative of cultivated chickpea, was used to identify markers closely linked to QTL1 by DNA amplification fingerprinting
in combination with bulked segregant analysis. Of 312 random 10mer oligonucleotides, 3 produced five polymorphic bands between
the parents and bulks. Two of them were transferred to the population on which the recent genetic map of chickpea is based,
and mapped to linkage group 4. These markers, OPS06-1 and OPS03-1, were linked at LOD-scores above 5 to markers UBC733B and
UBC181A flanking the major ascochyta resistance locus. OPS06-1 mapped at the peak of the QTL between markers UBC733B (distance
4.1 cM) and UBC181A (distance 9.6 cM), while OPS03-1 mapped 25.1 cM away from marker UBC733B on the other flank of the resistance
locus. STMS markers localised on this linkage group were transferred to the population segregating for ascochyta resistance.
Three of these markers were closely linked to QTL1. Twelve of 14 STMS markers could be used in both populations. The order
of STMS markers was essentially similar in both populations, with differences in map distances between them. The availability
of flanking STMS markers for the major resistance locus QTL1 will help to elucidate the complex resistance against different
Ascochyta pathotypes in future.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Summary Pea blight caused by Assochyta pinodella does considerable damage to the pea crop every year. To ascertain the inheritance of resistance to pea blight and incorporate resistance in the commercial cultivars, crosses were made between Kinnauri resistant to pea blight and four highly susceptible commercial pea cultivars — Bonneville, Lincoln, GC 141 and Sel. 18. Studies of the F1's, F2's, back crosses and F3's indicated that Kinnauri carries a dominant gene imparting resistance to pea blight. 相似文献
11.
B. Tar'an L. Buchwaldt A. Tullu S. Banniza T.D. Warkentin A. Vandenberg 《Euphytica》2003,134(2):223-230
Ascochyta blight caused by the fungus Ascochyta lentis Vassilievsky and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum [(Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore] are the most destructive diseases of lentil in Canada. The diseases reduce both seed yield
and seed quality. Previous studies demonstrated that two genes, ral1 and AbR1, confer resistance toA. lentis and a major gene controls the resistance to 95B36 isolate of C. truncatum. Molecular markers linked to each gene have been identified. The current study was conducted to pyramid the two genes for
resistance to ascochyta blight and the gene for resistance to anthracnose into lentil breeding lines. A population (F6:7) consisting of 156 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from across between ‘CDC Robin’ and a breeding line ‘964a-46’.
The RILs were screened for reaction to two isolates (A1 and 3D2) ofA. lentis and one isolate (95B36) ofC. truncatum. χ2 analysis of disease reactions demonstrated that the observed segregation ratios of resistant versus susceptible fit the two
gene model for resistance to ascochyta blight and a single gene model for resistance to anthracnose. Using markers linked
to ral1 (UBC 2271290), to AbR1(RB18680) and to the major gene for resistance to anthracnose (OPO61250),respectively, we confirmed that 11 RILs retained all the three resistance genes. More than 82% of the lines that had either
or both RB18680 and UBC2271290markers were resistant to 3D2 isolate and had a mean disease score lower than 2.5. By contrast, 80% of the lines that had
none of the RAPD markers were susceptible and had a mean disease score of 5.8. For the case of A1 isolate of A. lentis, more than 74% of the lines that carriedUBC2271290 were resistant, whereas more than 79% of the lines that do not have the marker were susceptible. The analysis of the RILs
usingOPO61250 marker demonstrated that 11out of 72 resistant lines carried the marker, whereas 66 out of 84 susceptible lines had the marker
present. Therefore, selecting materials with both markers for resistance to ascochyta blight and a marker for resistance to
anthracnose can clearly make progress toward resistance in the population.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production has remained static for the past two decades. One major limiting factor has been susceptibility of cultivars to several biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect yield. In recent years, cultivars resistant to Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei [Pass.] Lab.), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris), and cold have been bred and released in many countries. Some progress has been made in breeding for resistance to drought, insects, and cyst nematode, but not for viruses, heat, and salinity. Two or more stresses are of equal importance in most chickpea growing areas. Therefore, future efforts should be directed toward the development of cultivars with multiple-stress resistance. Proper understanding of important stresses in different countries and the genetics of resistance should lead to more systematic approaches to resistance breeding. Wild Cicer species hold promise and deserve attention in resistance breeding. 相似文献
13.
Kelly D. Chenault Andrea L. Maas John P. Damicone Mark E. Payton Hassan A. Melouk 《Euphytica》2009,166(3):357-365
The production of cultivated peanut, an important agronomic crop throughout the United States and the world, is consistently
threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in the Southwestern US, Virginia and North
Carolina. Although information on the variability of morphological traits associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance is
plentiful, no molecular markers associated with resistance have been reported. The identification of markers would greatly
assist peanut geneticists in selecting genotypes to be used in breeding programs. The main objective of this work was to use
simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers previously reported for peanut to identify a molecular marker associated with resistance
to S. minor. Out of 16 primer pairs used to examine peanut genomic DNA from 39 different genotypes, one pair produced bands at approximately
145 and 100 bp, consistent with either S. minor resistance or susceptibility, respectively. Cloning and sequencing of these bands revealed the region is well conserved among
all genotypes tested with the exception of the length of the SSR region, which varies with disease resistance levels. This
is the first report of a molecular marker associated with resistance to Sclerotinia blight in peanut. The identification of
this marker and development of a PCR-based screening method will prove to be extremely useful to peanut breeders in screening
germplasm collections and segregating populations as well as in pyramiding S. minor resistance with other desirable traits into superior peanut lines. 相似文献
14.
J. C. Sillero S. Fondevilla J. Davidson M. C. Vaz Patto T. D. Warkentin J. Thomas D. Rubiales 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):255-272
Summary In this paper we review the existence of sources of resistance and the various available screening methods for resistance
in grain legumes against the airborne pathogens powdery mildews, downy mildews and rusts. Available resistance against these
pathogens is not abundant and is particularly in risk of erosion owing to the constant generation and introduction of new
races of the pathogen. A continuous search for more resistance sources is therefore a priority in legume breeding and special
emphasis should be paid to selection of resistance mechanisms that are likely to be durable and to implementation of strategies
to prolong the durability of existing resistance. 相似文献
15.
Screening techniques are an important component of the overall strategy of breeding for resistance to diseases in cool season food legumes. Suitable screening methods have been developed for several major foliar diseases of chickpea, pea, faba bean, and lentil, and sources of resistance have been identified. International cooperation plays an important role in promoting research and keeping collections of cultivated species and their wild relatives. New biotechnological approaches are promising for enhancing the practical use of genes for resistance. 相似文献
16.
Summary Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) line ICC 1069 was selected as resistant parent after screening for resistance to grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) under artificial inoculation conditions. It was crossed with four high yielding susceptible varieties of chickpea. Crosses ICC 1069 × BGM 413 and ICC 1069 × BG 256 showed monogenic dominant resistance in ratio of 3R (resistant): 1S (susceptible). However, in crosses, ICC 1069 × BGM 419 and ICC 1069 × BGM 408, a ratio of 13S (susceptible) : 3R (resistant) was obtained indicating the presence of epistatic interaction. The results pointed towards the presence of a type of major gene resistance to grey mould in chickpea. 相似文献
17.
M. H. P. W. Visker H. J. B. Heilersig L. P. Kodde W. E. Van de Weg R. E. Voorrips P. C. Struik L. T. Colon 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):189-199
A set of test crosses of diploid potatoes was used to identify QTLs for foliage resistance against Phytophthora infestans and QTLs for foliage maturity type, and to assess their genetic relationship. The most important locus for both traits was found on chromosome 5 near marker GP21: the allele of marker GP21 that is associated with resistance to late blight is also associated with late foliage maturity. An additional QTL with a small effect on foliage maturity type was identified on chromosome 3, and additional QTLs for late blight resistance were found on chromosomes 3 and 10. Another QTL was detected on chromosome 7 when resistance was adjusted for the effect of foliage maturity type. The additional QTLs for resistance against P. infestans on chromosomes 3 and 10 seem to be independent of foliage maturity type and are not affected by epistatic effects of the locus on chromosome 5. The effects of the additional QTLs for resistance are small, but early maturing genotypes that necessarily have the allele for susceptibility for late blight on chromosome 5 may benefit from the resistance that is provided by these QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 10. 相似文献
18.
A series of half-diallel crosses involving early, medium and late maturity desi and kabuli type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes with stable resistance to Helicoverpa pod borer, along with the parents, were evaluated at two locations in India to understand the inheritance of pod borer resistance
and grain yield. Inheritance of resistance to pod borer and grain yield was different in desi and kabuli types. In desi type chickpea, the additive component of genetic variance was important in early maturity and dominance component was predominant
in medium maturity group, while in the late maturity group, additive as well as dominance components were equally important
in the inheritance of pod borer resistance. Both dominant and recessive genes conferring pod borer resistance seemed equally
frequent in the desi type parental lines of medium maturity group. However, dominant genes were in overall excess in the parents of early and
late maturity groups. In the kabuli medium maturity group, parents appeared to be genetically similar, possibly due to dispersion of genes conferring pod borer
resistance and susceptibility, while their F1s were significantly different for pod borer damage. The association of genes conferring pod borer resistance and susceptibility
in the parents could be attributed to the similarity of parents as well as their F1s for pod borer damage in kabuli early and late maturity groups. Grain yield was predominantly under the control of dominant gene action irrespective of the
maturity groups in desi chickpea. In all the maturity groups, dominant and recessive genes were in equal frequency among the desi parental lines. Dominant genes, which tend to increase or decrease grain yield are more or less present in equal frequency
in parents of the early maturity group, while in medium and late maturity groups, they were comparatively in unequal frequency
in desi type. Unlike in desi chickpea, differential patterns of genetic components were observed in kabuli chickpea. While the dominant genetic component was important in early and late maturity group, additive gene action was involved
in the inheritance of grain yield in medium duration group in kabuli chickpea. The dominant and recessive genes controlling grain yield are asymmetrically distributed in early and medium maturity
groups in kabuli chickpea. The implications of the inheritance pattern of pod borer resistance and grain yield are discussed in the context
of strategies to enhance pod borer resistance and grain yield in desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars. 相似文献
19.
J. M. Bonman 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):115-123
Summary Blast is one of the most serious diseases of rice worldwide. The pathogen,Pyricularia grisea, can infect nearly all parts of the shoot and is commonly found on the leaf blade and the panicle neck node. Host resistance is the most desirable means of managing blast, especially in developing countries. Rice cultivars with durable blast resistance have been recognized in several production systems. The durable resistance of these cultivars is associated with polygenic partial resistance that shows no evidence of race specificity. This partial resistance is expressed as fewer and smaller lesions on the leaf blade but latent period does not appear to be an important component. Partial resistance to leaf blast is positively correlated with partial resistance to panicle blast, although some cultivars have been found showing leaf-blast susceptibility and panicle-blast resistance. A diverse set of environmental factors can influence the expression of partial resistance, including temperature, duration of leaf-wetness, nitrogen fertilization, soil type, and water deficit. Because of the great diversity of rice-growing environments, resistance that proves durable in one system may or may not prove useful in another. In highly blast-conducive environments, other means of disease management must be applied to assist host-plant resistance. 相似文献
20.
Breeding for resistance to lentil Ascochyta blight 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis, is one of the most globally important diseases of lentil. Breeding for host resistance has been suggested as an efficient means to control this disease. This paper summarizes existing studies of the characteristics and control of Ascochyta blight in lentil, genetics of resistance to Ascochyta blight and genetic variations among pathogen populations (isolates). Breeding methods for control of the disease are discussed. Six pathotypes of A. lentis have been reported. Many resistant cultivars/lines have been identified in both cultivated and wild lentil. Resistance to Ascochyta blight in lentil is mainly under the control of major genes, but minor genes also play a role. Current breeding programmes are based on crossing resistant and high‐yielding cultivars and multilocation testing. Gene pyramiding, exploring slow blighting and partial resistance, and using genes present in wild relatives will be the methods used in the future. Identification of more sources of resistance genes, good characterization of the host‐pathogen system, and identification of molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes are suggested as the key areas for future study. 相似文献