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1.
从３０只山羊体内检得寄生蠕虫１３种，其中吸虫６种、绦蚴１种、线虫６种。总感染率为１００％，平均感染强度为６４６条。其中以鹿同盘吸虫的感染率、平均感染强度为最高。山羊感染蠕虫种类在１～８种之间。种群分布型均为聚集分布，优势种有８种：即肝片形吸虫、胰阔盘吸虫、鹿同盘吸虫、长菲策吸虫、粗纹食道口线虫、哥伦比亚食道口线虫、微管食道口线虫、捻转血矛线虫。该寄生蠕虫群落中各种群感染率和密度与山羊性别和年龄无关。种间关联分析表明该寄生蠕虫群落中具亲和性的种对有７对，关联和负关联达显著水平以上的种对分别有２对和３对。 相似文献
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Venous blood samples were collected at 3-day intervals for a total of six samples from each of five adult male pekin ducks and five adult Ross roosters. Twenty biochemical, six hematologic, and three endocrine determinations were performed on each blood or serum sample collected. The data obtained provide reference values for future studies of avian species and illustrate the utility of an automated clinical chemistry analyzer in assessing multiple serum biochemistry values in small sample volumes obtained from birds. 相似文献
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江西老虎脑省级自然保护区鸟类生物多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年11月至2018年4月,利用样线法对江西老虎脑省级自然保护区鸟类生物多样性进行研究。结果表明:(1)共记录到124种鸟类,隶属13目44科,其中6种国家II级重点保护鸟类,3种被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为近危(NT)物种;(2)鸟类生物多样性指数为3.98,均匀度指数为0.82;(3)在季节性构成上,冬候鸟32种,夏候鸟28种,留鸟59种,以及5种旅鸟。在地理区系构成上,东洋界61种,古北界45种,广布种18种;(4)老虎脑保护区内常见鸟类有树麻雀(Passer montanus)、白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、丝光椋鸟(Spodiopsar sericeus)等14物种。通过对江西老虎脑鸟类多样性的研究,为鸟类资源的保护与管理提供依据。 相似文献
4.
准噶尔荒漠6种类短命植物生物量分配与异速生长关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
类短命植物是我国荒漠植物区系中重要而独特的组成部分。准噶尔荒漠是类短命植物在中亚干旱区分布的最东端。目前关于类短命植物生物量分配及异速生长关系的研究较少。选择了百合科的小山蒜、棱叶韭、粗柄独尾草、黑鳞顶冰花、伊犁郁金香以及菊科的细叶鸦葱共6种植物作为研究对象,对比研究了其生物量分配及异速生长关系的异同。结果表明,6种类短命植物单株总生物量在0.628～21.144 g之间,根冠比在0.355～3.066之间,叶片生物量比例在0.092～0.289之间,繁殖分配比例在0.111～0.649之间。6种植物用于繁殖器官和光合器官的生物量分配各不相同,表明不同科、不同属及同属不同种之间的生物量大小及器官分配比例无一致规律。大部分物种根冠比随个体增大而显著下降,而繁殖分配则呈显著的异速增加的趋势。6种植物器官生物量间(共45对)大部分(40对)表现为等速生长关系(即异速生长指数为1),而且地上与地下生物量间及叶片与地下生物量间还各自具有共同的异速生长指数(分别为0.8764和0.8585),表现出强烈的功能趋同性。但6个物种间没有出现完全一致的相关生长关系,这可能归因于由系统分类地位决定的遗传特性的差异。 相似文献
5.
MICHAEL PEES INGMAR KIEFER JENS THIELEBEIN GERHARD OECHTERING MARIA-ELISABETH KRAUTWALD-JUNGHANNS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(5):487-491
Thirty-nine healthy boid snakes representing six different species ( Python regius, Boa constrictor, Python reticulatus, Morelia viridis, Epicrates cenchria , and Morelia spilota ) were examined using computed tomography (CT) to characterize the normal appearance of the respiratory tissue. Assessment was done subjectively and densitometry was performed using a defined protocol. The length of the right lung was calculated to be 11.1% of the body length, without a significant difference between species. The length of the left lung in proportion to the right was dependent on the species examined. The most developed left lung was in P. regius (81.2%), whereas in B. constrictor , the left lung was vestigial or absent (24.7%). A median attenuation of −814.6 HU and a variability of 45.9 HU were calculated for all species with no significant difference between species. Within the species, a significantly higher attenuation was found for P. regius in the dorsal and cranial aspect of the lung compared with the ventral and caudal part. In B. constrictor , the reduced left lung was significantly hyperattenuating compared with the right lung. Results of this study emphasize the value of CT and provide basic reference data for assessment of the snake lung in these species. 相似文献
6.
Michael J. Myers Karyn D. Howard Joseph C. Kawalek 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):58-67
This study was initiated to determine whether a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) approach could be used to expand the pool of approved anthelmintics for minor ruminant species. Accordingly, the PK profiles of six anthelmintics (levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole, moxidectin, doramectin, and ivermectin) in sheep, goats, and cattle were determined. The PK values determined for each anthelmintic included Tmax, Tlast, Cmax, AUC, AUC/dose, and Cmax/dose. The results of this study demonstrate that a comparative PK approach does not show commonality in the way these six anthelmintics are individually processed by these three ruminants. While some drugs demonstrated identical PK profiles between sheep and goats, none of these drugs demonstrated PK profiles in sheep and goats comparable to the PK profiles found in cattle. The results from this study suggest drug approval across these three ruminants is not a viable concept. However, the resulting PK profiles for each combination of drug and ruminant species represents a new dataset that can be used to support the US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine's Minor Use/Minor Species indexing process for drug approvals in minor species such as sheep and goats. 相似文献
7.
This study evaluated the effect of two combination products containing febantel, pyrantel, and praziquantel (FPP) for the treatment of Giardia species in experimentally infected kittens. In experiment 1, five kittens were administered the United States (US) formulation of FPP at doses of 37.8 mg/kg, 7.56 mg/kg, and 7.56 mg/kg, respectively, PO, q24h, for 5 days and four kittens remained as controls. In experiment 2, five kittens were administered the European formulation of FPP at the doses of 12.5 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, and 4.16 mg/kg, respectively, PO, q24h, for 5 days and four kittens remained as controls. In experiment 3, six kittens were administered the US formulation of FPP at 56.5 mg/kg, 11.3 mg/kg, 11.3 mg/kg, respectively, PO, q24h, for 5 days and five kittens remained as controls. Thirteen days after treatment, kittens testing negative for Giardia species cysts were administered 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate, IM, weekly for a maximum of two injections. Feces were analyzed for Giardia species cysts using a direct immunofluorescence test. After experiment 3, four of the six treated kittens, but no control kittens, remained negative for Giardia species after the administration of methylprednisolone acetate. 相似文献
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De Matos C Sitoe C Neves L Bryson NR Horak IG 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2008,75(2):103-108
The species composition and geographic distribution of ixodid ticks infesting domestic dogs owned by people in rural communities and villages in Maputo Province was established by collecting ticks from dogs at each of 27 localities spread throughout the province. Ticks were collected from a total of 132 dogs, and nine species belonging to four genera were identified. One dog was infested with six species, three with five and 13 with four species. Haemaphysalis elliptica followed by Rhipicephalus simus were present on dogs at most localities, and their geographic distribution in Maputo Province has been mapped for the first time. 相似文献
10.
This paper reports on histological examinations of the diaphyseal structure of the long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, os femoris and tibia) of mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, and dog using six animals in three different age groups. There are considerable differences in structure between the species. The results show that with increasing height in the evolution of the species and period of life, as well as advancing age, the differentiation and complexity of bone structures increases. The differences in structure between the localization of bones within the individual species are not considerable. The species comparison results in great similarities between the bone structures of each of mouse and hamster, of rat and guinea pig, as well as of cat and dog. The bone structure of the animals examined becomes more similar to the human structure from mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat to dog. 相似文献
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12.
本研究选取河北坝上地区为研究区域,以不同放牧强度样地的群落优势种或亚优势种（马蔺（Iris lactea）、线叶蒿（Artemisia subulata）、糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）、二裂委陵菜（Potentilla bifurca）、华北米蒿（A.giraldii）和羊草（Leymus chinensis））为研究对象,分析放牧强度对6个物种生物量分配格局的影响。结果表明：随放牧强度的增加,6个物种的单株总生物量和单株地上生物量均显著降低,单株地下生物量随放牧强度呈现不同的规律;与对照相比,重度放牧显著提高了糙隐子草的单株地下生物量,中度放牧则显著提高了二裂委陵菜的单株地下生物量;根冠比随放牧强度显著增加,且不同物种之间也呈现显著差异;羊草在群落中的重要值与根冠比呈显著负相关,其他5个物种的根冠比与其重要值呈显著正相关。本研究证实物种会通过调整其生物量分配格局来适应放牧干扰,研究结果有助于深入理解放牧退化草原群落物种组成的形成机制。 相似文献
13.
三江源区高寒草甸植物多样性的海拔分布格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三江源地区是我国受气候变化影响最大且最敏感的区域之一。研究高寒草甸植物多样性海拔分布格局及其与环境的关系,能为预测气候变化对植物多样性的影响和响应提供科学依据。本研究以青海三江源地区的6个样地/海拔梯度共78个样方的高寒草甸样地为研究对象,了解高寒草甸植物多样性和群落结构,分析海拔分布格局及其与环境的关系,旨在以空间替代时间的实验系统来揭示植物对气候变化的响应。统计分析发现,6个高寒草甸样地共有植物21科、51属、74种,且在中海拔和高海拔地区,高寒草甸以藏嵩草、高山嵩草、矮嵩草等莎草科植物占优势,低海拔地区高寒草甸则以针茅、早熟禾、垂穗披碱草等禾本科植物为优势种群。方差分析表明,随着海拔的降低,高寒草甸群落的物种多样性和物种丰富度均呈“单峰”分布格局,而均匀度指数逐渐升高。DCA分析发现,高寒草甸植物群落沿着海拔梯度呈现有规律的变化,具有从高寒草甸向高寒草原化草甸的逐渐过渡的特征,海拔梯度明显的影响了植物群落结构和多样性。此外,CCA结果表明,土壤pH值是影响高寒草甸植物群落分布格局的主要因素,土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤有机碳、碱解氮含量与全钾含量是影响植物群落分布格局的关键因子。综上所述,我们推测气候变化极有可能影响三江源地区高寒草甸植物群落结构与分布格局。 相似文献
14.
Six Sarcocystis species from reindeer (S. grueneri, S. rangi, S. tarandivulpes, S. hardangeri, S. rangiferi and S. tarandi) have previously been genetically characterised. The aim of this study was to identify possible definitive hosts for S. hardangeri, S. rangiferi and S. tarandi by including the six species in phylogenetic analyses of the Sarcocystidae, and also to investigate the phylogenetic relationships between the species from reindeer and those from other hosts. The study also aimed at revealing whether the inclusion of six Sarcocystis species from the same intermediate host would have any effect on previously inferred phylogenetic relationships within the Sarcocystidae. The complete small subunit (ssu) rRNA gene sequences of all six Sarcocystis species from reindeer were used in the phylogenetic analyses along with ssu rRNA gene sequences of 85 other members of the Coccidea. Trees were constructed using Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood estimations. All six Sarcocystis species from reindeer were placed together with other Sarcocystis species using an even-toed ungulate as their intermediate host. The three canine transmitted species, S. grueneri, S. rangi, S. tarandivulpes, formed a sister group to other Sarcocystis species with a canine definitive host. The position of S. hardangeri on the tree suggested that it uses another type of definitive host than the other Sarcocystis species in this clade. Considering the geographical distribution and infection intensity of S. hardangeri, corvid birds are perhaps its most likely definitive hosts. The phylogenetic position, geographical distribution, prevalence and morphological similarity to feline transmitted Sarcocystis species in closely related Cervidae suggest that the most likely definitive hosts of S. rangiferi and S. tarandi are felines, and in Norway notably the lynx. The overall phylogeny of the Sarcocystidae did not change by the inclusion of the six Sarcocystis species from reindeer. This study suggests that phylogentic analysis can be a useful tool in the search for possible definitive hosts for those Sarcocystis species for which they are unknown and difficult to find solely by other methods. 相似文献
15.
One hundred and forty-three Pasteurella spp. strains and 10 unclassified strains obtained from free ranging poultry, dogs and cats were investigated by extended phenotypic characterization. One hundred and forty-nine of these strains were selected for further studies using ribotyping and REA-typing to evaluate the role of dogs and cats in Pasteurella multocida transmission. Seven and six type strains were included for comparison in phenotyping and genotyping, respectively. Eleven clusters and six unclustered strains were revealed by phenotyping. Ribotyping outlined 12 clusters and six unclustered strains. A correlation between clusters obtained by phenotyping and ribotyping was demonstrated which indicated that a genetic basis exists for clusters outlined by quantitative evaluation of phenotypic data. Similarities and differences in hosts, phenotype, ribotype, and zone of isolation were demonstrated among Pasteurella strains investigated. Isolates of P. multocida from ducks were shown to be clonal by both phenotyping and ribotyping. These strains were identical to one of the chickens strains. REA-typing, however, showed that the chicken strain was different underlining that exchange of clones of P. multocida between avian species rarely happens under village conditions. Management practise in the villages suggest the potential for exchange of P. multocida between poultry and animals kept in contact. The present findings, however, did not indicate that clones of P. multocida are widely exchanged between poultry and other animal species, even though close contact exists. In the present investigation exchange of clones of P. multocida was only demonstrated among animals belonging to the same species. Caution is drawn to the use of ribotyping as the sole method for epidemiological typing and tracing of P. multocida. The present results also underline the importance of proper phenotyping in the identification of P. multocida and related species. 相似文献
16.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Preliminary investigations demonstrated that six species of piroplasm parasitised horses, mules, oxen, dairy cattle, buffaloes and pigs in the southern,... 相似文献
17.
In this study, we determined six “hotspots” for avian biodiversity conservation in China. We analyzed the distribution patterns of 183 threatened bird species in China in conjunction with geographical data to produce a distribution map that shows the concentrations of threatened species. The six biodiversity hotspots are: the western Tianshan Mountains; the Qilian and Hengduan mountains; southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, and the Zhejiang Hills; the Songliao Plain and the northern region of the North China Plain; the island of Taiwan; and the island of Hainan. Based on our analysis of a species–habitat matrix, species were determined to be distributed mainly in broadleaved forest, grassland and meadows, urban and agricultural areas, wetlands, and bush. Most species were commonly found to have a range of three to five different habitat types. Apart from the six biodiversity hotspots, six ecological clusters were determined. Protection strategies indicating different levels of habitat priority among the biodiversity hotspots were also recommended. 相似文献
18.
Amin AS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,166(1):86-92
Two hundred and thirty six semen samples were collected from 120 bulls, 60 buffalo-bulls, and 56 rams located on farms of known history of infection with Chlamydophila species. All semen samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture techniques for detection of Chlamydophila species. The primers were selected to allow the amplification of all target species in a single reaction by identifying conserved sequences in the omp2 gene. PCR assay detected more positive samples (36) from the semen samples collected from different animal species than were detected by the culture method (21). The results indicated that all culture-positive semen samples (21) from different species were PCR positive. The detection limit of the PCR assay was determined with DNA extracted from fourfold serial dilution of C. abortus (B577) and C. pecorum (11/88) cultures and found to be 0.25 inclusion-forming units (IFU) per PCR, while the culture method could not detect less than 4 IFU. This is the first report using PCR for the detection of Chlamydophila species in buffalo-bulls' semen and the assay provides a simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable means for the detection and identification of the organism. 相似文献
19.
Zhao GH Lei LH Shang CC Gao M Zhao YQ Chen CX Chen DK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):943-946
A survey of dairy goats for infection with Eimeria species of coccidia was conducted in the Shaanxi province, northwestern China between December and November 2010, including
Saanen and Guanzhong breeds. A total of 584 fecal samples (250 and 334 from Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats, respectively)
in six farms were collected. Eimeria oocysts were seen in 568 (97.3%) fecal samples, with six species, namely Eimeria jolchijevi, Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria alijevi, Eimeria caprina, Eimeria hirci, and Eimeria christenseni. The most prevalent were E. arloingi in Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats, with an overall prevalence of 83.3% and 84.4%, and the lowest prevalence were E. christenseni (26.9%) and E. hirci (20.7%) for Saanen and Guanzhong Dairy goats, respectively. Two or more Eimeria species were commonly presented in all the age groups; 80.0% and 81.4% of positive Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats carried
more than two species, and 1.6% and 6.5% of two breeds had six species. The results of the present survey suggested that Eimeria infection is wide and severe in the Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats, which suggested that integrated strategies should be
implemented to prevent and control coccidial infection in dairy goats in this province. 相似文献
20.
养分添加是促进退化草地恢复常用的管理措施。以贝加尔针茅草原为研究对象,设置CK(对照,不施肥),N(单施氮肥,100 kg/hm2),P(单施磷肥,100 kg/hm2),K(单施钾肥,100 kg/hm2),NP(氮、磷肥混施,均为100 kg/hm2),NK(氮、钾肥混施,均为100 kg/hm2),PK(磷、钾肥混施,均为100 kg/hm2),NPK(氮、磷、钾肥混施,均为100 kg/hm2),研究贝加尔针茅草原包括建群种和优势种在内的6种植物的比叶面积、叶绿素含量和养分含量等叶片性状对养分添加的响应,旨在探讨草原生态系统中,不同物种叶片特性随养分供给条件发生的变异及其与土壤理化特性之间的关系。结果表明,6种植物的比叶面积(specific leaf area, SLA)、叶绿素含量、叶片养分在不同养分添加下都发生了变化,但变化的范围和方向都不尽相同。综合6种植物进行分析,SLA与叶绿素含量、叶片含N量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与叶片含P量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);叶绿素含量与叶片含N量、土壤铵态氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);叶片含N量与土壤pH呈显著正相关(P<0.05);叶片含P量与土壤P、土壤速效P含量和土壤pH值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综合研究表明,贝加尔针茅草原植物叶片含N量较低,植物叶片性状受N素影响显著,但不同物种对N素添加的反应不同,土壤养分供给的差异是叶片结构特性和叶片养分组成发生变化的重要原因。 相似文献