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1.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of using serum total and ionized magnesium (Mg) concentrations and urine Mg concentrations to identify Mg deficiency in cats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy castrated male cats. PROCEDURE: A Mg-replete diet was fed for 37 days, followed by a Mg-deficient diet for 37 days. On days 1, 3, and 7 of the last week of each diet, serum ionized and total Mg concentrations were determined; in addition, urine Mg concentration was determined each day of the last week. Serum total and ionized Mg concentrations were compared with urine Mg concentration, amount of Mg excreted during 24 hours (24-hour urine Mg excretion), ratio of urine Mg concentration to urine creatinine concentration (Umg:Ucr), and urinary fractional excretion of Mg (FEmg) to determine which variable best predicted Mg status. RESULTS: Cats fed Mg-deficient diets had significantly lower serum total and ionized Mg concentrations and 24-hour urine Mg excretion values, compared with cats fed Mg-replete diets. Serum total Mg concentration was the best predictor of Mg status. Twenty-four-hour urine Mg excretion was a repeatable, reliable measurement and had the best correlation with serum total Mg concentration. Serum total Mg concentration also correlated with urine Mg concentration, Umg:Ucr, and FEmg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Serum total and ionized Mg concentrations can be used to identify cats with dietary-induced Mg deficiencies. Twenty-four-hour urine Mg excretion and urine Mg concentration correlated best with serum total Mg concentration and, therefore, may be the most useful urine variables for identifying Mg deficiency.  相似文献   

2.
Five client owned dogs with cystinuria were diagnosed with carnitine and taurine deficiency while participating in a clinical trial that used dietary management of their urolithiasis. Stored 24-hour urine samples collected from the cystinuric dogs before enrollment in the clinical diet trial were quantitatively evaluated for carnitine and taurine. These results were compared to those obtained from 18 healthy Beagles. Both groups of dogs were fed the same maintenance diet for a minimum of 2 weeks before 24-hour urine collection. The protocol used for 24-hour urine collections was the same for cystinuric dogs and healthy Beagles except that cystinuric dogs were catheterized at baseline, 8 hours, 12 hours, and at the end of the collection, whereas Beagles were catheterized at baseline, 8 hours, and at the end of the collection. Three of 5 dogs with cystinuria had increased renal excretion of carnitine. None of the cystinuric dogs had increased renal excretion of taurine, but cystinuric dogs excreted significantly less (P < .05) taurine in their urine than the healthy Beagles. Carnitinuria has not been recognized previously in either humans or dogs with cystinuria, and it may be 1 risk factor for developing carnitine deficiency. Cystinuric dogs in this study were not taurinuric; however, cystine is a precursor amino acid for taurine synthesis. Therefore, cystinuria may be 1 risk factor for developing taurine deficiency in dogs. We suggest that dogs with cystinuria be monitored for carnitine and taurine deficiency or supplemented with carnitine and taurine.  相似文献   

3.
Urinary indices of renal function and damage were measured in 6 healthy, mature ewes over a 48-hour period. Endogenous creatinine clearance, total and fractional electrolyte excretion rates, protein excretion, urine volume, and urine gamma-glutamyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase activities were measured. Significant variations in the excretion rates of creatinine, electrolytes, and protein were not found between intervals within the 48-hour urine collection period. Total urinary electrolyte excretion rates were significantly (P less than 0.001) correlated with fractional electrolyte excretion rates normalized for creatinine concentration; however, coefficient of determination was low.  相似文献   

4.
The present study was conducted with privately owned dogs and cats to investigate whether a relationship exists between the dietary AGEs and the urinary excretion of AGEs, as indication of possible effective absorption of those compounds in the intestinal tract of pet carnivores. For this purpose, data were collected from both raw fed and dry processed food (DPF) fed to dogs and cats, through spot urine sampling and questionnaires. Raw pet food (RF, low in AGE diets) was fed as a primary food source to 29 dogs and DPF to 28 dogs. Cats were categorized into 3 groups, which were RF (n = 15), DPF (n = 14) and dry and wet processed pet food (DWF, n = 25). Urinary-free carboxymethyllysine (CML), carboxyethyllysine (CEL) and lysinoalanine (LAL) were analysed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)—mass spectrometry, and were standardized for variable urine concentration by expressing the AGE concentrations as a ratio to urine creatinine (Ucr) concentration (µg/µmol Ucr). Urinary excretion of CML, CEL and LAL in dogs fed with DPF was 2.03, 2.14 and 3 times higher compared to dogs fed with RF (p < .005). Similar to the dogs, a significant difference in CML:Ucr, CEL:Ucr and LAL:Ucr between the three diet groups was observed in cats (p-overall < 0.005, ANOVA), in which the RF fed group excreted less AGEs than the other groups. Linear regression coefficients and SE of CML:Ucr, CEL:Ucr and LAL:Ucr showed that body weight and neuter status were significantly correlated with CML and CEL excretion, but not to LAL excretion. Our results revealed a significant correlation between dietary AGEs and urinary excretion of free CML, CEL and LAL, and also showed that endogenous formation of these AGEs occurs in both dogs and cats under physiological conditions.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVES: To measure urine concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), determine optimal storage conditions for urine samples, establish a reference range, and determine whether there is correlation between 24-hour total urine GAG excretion and the GAG-to-creatinine ratio (GCR). ANIMALS: 14 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Single urine sample GAG concentrations and GCRs were measured in samples collected from 14 healthy dogs at the start of the 24-hour collection period. Twenty-four-hour total urine GAG excretions were determined from urine collected during a 24-hour period in the same 14 dogs. Total sulfated GAG concentrations were also measured in urine from these dogs after the urine had been stored at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for 1, 7, and 30 days. RESULTS: Urine GAG concentrations were not significantly different from baseline values after urine was stored at 4 degrees C for up to 1 day and -20 degrees C for up to 30 days. Neither single urine sample GAG concentration (R2, 0.422) nor GCR (R2, 0.084) was an adequate predictor of 24-hour total urine GAG excretion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this study provide data that can be used to establish a reference range for 24-hour total urine GAG excretion in dogs and adequate conditions for sample storage. Contrary to findings in humans, there was no significant linear correlation between 24-hour total urine GAG excretion and single urine sample GCR in dogs, limiting clinical use of the single urine sample test.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with sodium chloride (NaCl) on urinary calcium excretion, urine calcium concentration, and urinary relative supersaturation (RSS) with calcium oxalate (CaOx). ANIMALS: 6 adult female healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: By use of a crossover study design, a canned diet designed to decrease CaOx urolith recurrence with and without supplemental NaCl (i.e., 1.2% and 0.24% sodium on a dry-matter basis, respectively) was fed to dogs for 6 weeks. Every 14 days, 24-hour urine samples were collected. Concentrations of lithogenic substances and urine pH were used to calculate values of urinary RSS with CaOx. RESULTS: When dogs consumed a diet supplemented with NaCl, 24-hour urine volume and 24-hour urine calcium excretion increased. Dietary supplementation with NaCl was not associated with a change in urine calcium concentration. However, urine oxalate acid concentrations and values of urinary RSS with CaOx were significantly lower after feeding the NaCI-supplemented diet for 28 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dietary supplementation with NaCl in a urolith-prevention diet decreased the propensity for CaOx crystallization in the urine of healthy adult Beagles. However, until long-term studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of dietary supplementation with NaCl in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis are preformed, we suggest that dietary supplementation with NaCl be used cautiously.  相似文献   

7.
Serum uric acid and phosphorus concentrations were determined for 27 dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma before and after chemotherapy. Mean serum uric acid values in dogs before treatment were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those of a control group of healthy dogs. Serum uric acid values did not change after treatment. Of the 27 dogs, 13 had 24-hour urine collections to determine endogenous creatinine clearance and quantitation of uric acid and phosphorus excretion before and after treatment for lymphosarcoma. Mean values for 24-hour creatinine clearance before and after treatment were statistically similar in dogs with lymphosarcoma, although the values were lower than those in a normal range. Total urinary phosphorus excretions were increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after treatment without change in fractional excretion. Chemotherapeutic agents used accounted for the significant (P less than 0.05) increase in urine volume after treatment and may have affected the excretion of uric acid and phosphorus. Seemingly, dogs with uncomplicated lymphosarcoma rarely have renal dysfunction or clinically important alterations in uric acid or phosphorus excretion secondary to rapid tumor lysis. However, preexisting renal disease or systemic complications, such as hypercalcemia, may be associated with increased risk of further renal impairment during treatment.  相似文献   

8.
The correlation between 24-hour urinary excretion of N -acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase (NAG) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) with urine NAG and GGT/creatinine ratios was assessed in dogs with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis. Eighteen 6-month-oid male Beagles with normal renal function were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6. Each group was fed a different concentration of protein (high protein, 27.3%; medium protein, 13.7%; and low protein, 9.4%) for 21 days. After dietary conditioning, gentamicin was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg IM tid for 8 days and each group was continued on its respective diet. Endogenous creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary excretion of NAG and GGT were determined after dietary conditioning (day 0) and on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 of gentamicin administration. In addition, urine NAG and GGT/creatinine ratios (IU/L ± mg/dL) were determined from catheterized spot urine samples obtained between 7 and 10 am on the same days. The correlation between 24-hour urinary enzyme excretion and urine enzyme/creatinine ratio in the spot urine samples was evaluated by simple linear regression analysis. Spot sample urine enzyme/creatinine ratios were significantly correlated with 24-hour urinary enzyme excretion through day 4 for dogs on low dietary protein, through day 6 for those on medium protein, and through day 8 for those on high dietary protein. Mean ± SD baseline values for urine NAG/creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary NAG excretion were 0.06 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.14 IU/kg/24 hr, respectively. Baseline values for urine GGT/creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary GGT excretion were 0.39 ± 0.18 and 1.42 ± 0.82 IU/kg/24 hr, respectively.  相似文献   

9.
The daily excretion of urinary protein was evaluated in 8 conditioned research dogs and in 10 hospitalized, proteinuric dogs, using 24-hour urine collections. Concurrent with each 24-hour urine collection, a 5- to 10-ml urine specimen was obtained during midday. The ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine concentration was determined from the single urine specimen for each dog. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the correlation between that ratio and the 24-hour urinary protein loss (mg/kg of body weight). The coefficient of determination was significant (r2 = 0.95, P less than 0.0001). Determination of the protein-to-creatinine ratio in a single urine specimen was found to be a sensitive, rapid, and dependable diagnostic technique for detection and quantitative estimation of proteinuria.  相似文献   

10.
The influence of induced chronic renal failure on 24-hour urinary excretion and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium was studied in cats. Induction of chronic renal failure significantly increased fractional excretion of potassium (P less than 0.0001) and sodium (P less than 0.05); however, 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium decreased slightly following induction of chronic renal failure. Fractional excretion and 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium were compared by linear regression in clinically normal cats, cats with chronic renal failure, and clinically normal and affected cats combined. In clinically normal cats, linear regression revealed only moderate correlation between fractional excretion and 24-hour urinary excretion for sodium and potassium. Linear regression of these same relationships in cats with chronic renal failure, and in clinically normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure combined, indicated low correlation. Fractional excretions of sodium and potassium were not reliable indicators of 24-hour urinary excretion of these electrolytes in cats with chronic renal failure or unknown glomerular filtration rate. Fractional excretion of potassium and sodium correlated only moderately with 24-hour urinary excretion in clinically normal cats.  相似文献   

11.
ObjectivesOne potential method of evaluating renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation involves the quantification of urinary aldosterone excretion. While blood concentrations of aldosterone are easily obtained, results may be misleading because of minute-to-minute variation in aldosterone secretion and subsequent blood concentrations. Urinary aldosterone concentration measurement represents a more consistent “pooled” index of aldosterone secretion, but obtaining 24-h urine samples is time-consuming, difficult, and fraught with potential error. We postulated that the urinary aldosterone:creatinine ratio, measured from spot urine samples, would correlate well with 24-h urinary aldosterone excretion, and would provide a simple index of aldosterone excretion that would eliminate the need for 24-h urine collection.Animals, materials and methodsAfter validating an assay for aldosterone in canine urine, 24-h urinary aldosterone excretion was determined by radioimmunoassay from 8 normal, male beagle dogs under control conditions, after RAAS stimulation with amlodipine administration, and after RAAS attenuation with the addition of enalapril to amlodipine administration. Spot urine samples, each obtained at the same time of day, were used to determine the aldosterone:creatinine ratio during control conditions, RAAS stimulation, and RAAS attenuation.ResultsThe aldosterone:creatinine ratio from spot-checked urine samples correlated well with 24-h urinary aldosterone excretion (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsA spot urinary aldosterone:creatinine ratio might be substituted for 24-h urinary aldosterone determination.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum concentrations of total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg), concentrations of magnesium (Mg) in muscle, intracellular Mg (icMg) concentrations, urinary Mg excretion (EMg), Mg clearance (CMg), and fractional clearance of Mg (FCMg) in horses fed diets with Mg content above and below National Research Council recommendations. ANIMALS: 9 young female horses. PROCEDURES: 6 horses were fed a reduced-Mg diet for 29 days followed by an Mg-supplemented diet for 24 days. Control horses (n = 3) were fed grass hay exclusively. Blood, urine, and tissue samples were collected, and an Mg retention test was performed before and after restriction and supplementation of Mg intake. Serum tMg, serum iMg, muscle Mg, icMg, and urine Mg concentrations were measured, and 24-hour EMg, CMg, and FCMg were calculated. RESULTS: Reductions in urinary 24-hour EMg, CMg, and FCMg were evident after 13 days of feeding a reduced-Mg diet. Serum tMg and iMg concentrations, muscle Mg content, and results of the Mg retention test were not affected by feeding the Mg-deficient diet. Spot urine sample FCMg accurately reflected FCMg calculated from 6- and 24-hour pooled urine samples. Mean +/- SD FCtMg of horses eating grass hay was 29 +/- 8%, whereas mean FCtMg for horses fed a reduced-Mg diet for 29 days was 6 +/- 3%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The 24-hour EMg was the most sensitive indicator of reduced Mg intake in horses. Spot sample FCMg can be conveniently used to identify horses consuming a diet deficient in Mg.  相似文献   

13.
Quantitative urinalysis in kittens from four to thirty weeks after birth.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
To evaluate renal function and obtain reference values for measurements of urinary excretion of various substances, quantitative urinalysis was performed in healthy, growing kittens from 4 to 30 weeks after birth. Endogenous creatinine clearance, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio were determined. Additionally, fractional excretion to creatinine clearance was calculated for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Mean +/- SD endogenous creatinine clearance values (range, 3.80 +/- 0.48 to 4.74 +/- 0.61 ml/min/kg) were significantly (P less than 0.0001) higher in kittens 9 to 19 weeks old, compared with younger (range, 1.39 +/- 0.85 to 3.59 +/- 0.86 ml/min/kg) and older kittens (range, 2.69 +/- 0.40 to 3.46 +/- 0.37 ml/min/kg). Mean values for all kittens for 24-hour urine protein excretion (range, 2.54 +/- 1.81 mg/kg at 4 weeks to 11.39 +/- 7.61 mg/kg at 14 weeks) and for urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (range, 0.14 +/- 0.03 to 0.34 +/- 0.18) varied from week to week of age. The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in kittens greater than or equal to 9 weeks old correlated well (R2 = 0.861) with 24-hour urine protein excretion. Urinary fractional excretion of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride in kittens varied among age groups, being significantly (P less than 0.01) different for potassium and calcium in young kittens (4 to 6 weeks) and older kittens (greater than or equal to 7 weeks).  相似文献   

14.
Ketosteroids were determined colorimetrically in samples of 24-hour urine from sows, ten days after service. Pregnancy was diagnosed by injection of the "Gravignost-swine" preparation in eight sows. Significant differences between the 17-ketosteroid excretion on non-pregnant sows were revealed by the excretion in 24-hour urine, but not by urinary concentration expressed in mg per litre. Injection of "Gravignost" had no effect on 17-ketosteroid values. In pregnant sows the urinary concentration of 17-ketosteroids was inversely proportional to daily urine volume, and there was also a significant correlation between urine volume and 17-ketosteroid excretion expressed in mg per 24 hours. The method used for determining urinary ketosteroids was sufficiently reliable and simple to be used for routine testing.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) reduces urinary calcium excretion in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis. DESIGN: Original study. ANIMALS: 8 dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis. PROCEDURE: 4 treatment protocols were evaluated in each dog (a low calcium, low protein diet designed to prevent calcium oxalate urolith formation with and without administration of HCTZ [2 mg/kg (0.9 mg/lb) of body weight, PO, q 12 h] and a maintenance diet with higher quantities of protein and calcium with and without administration of HCTZ). At the end of each 2-week treatment period, 24-hour urine samples were collected. Blood samples were collected during the midpoint of each urine collection period. Analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of HCTZ and diet on urine and serum analytes. RESULTS: Hydrochlorothiazide significantly decreased urine calcium and potassium concentration and excretion. Hydrochlorothiazide also significantly decreased serum potassium concentration. Compared with the maintenance diet, the urolith prevention diet significantly decreased urine calcium and oxalic acid concentration and excretion. Dogs consuming the urolith prevention diet had significantly lower serum concentrations of albumin and urea nitrogen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of HCTZ decreased urine calcium excretion in dogs with a history of calcium oxalate urolith formation. The greatest reduction in urine calcium concentration and excretion was achieved when dogs received HCTZ and the urolith prevention diet. Results of this study suggest that the hypocalciuric effect of HCTZ will minimize recurrence of calcium oxalate urolith formation in dogs; however, long-term controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of HCTZ.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma, urine, and fecal electrolyte and mineral concentrations differ between clinically normal horses and Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) after consumption of diets varying in cation-anion balance. ANIMALS: 5 Thoroughbred mares with RER and 6 clinically normal mixed-breed mares. PROCEDURE: Each of 3 isocaloric diets designated as low, medium, and high on the basis of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) values of 85, 190, and 380, respectively, were fed to horses for 14 days. During the last 72 hours, 3 horses with RER and 3 control horses had daily urine and fecal samples obtained by total 24-hour collection. Remaining horses had urine samples collected daily by single catheterization. RESULTS: For each diet, no differences existed between horses with RER and control horses in plasma pH, electrolyte concentrations, and creatine kinase activity or in urine pH and renal fractional excretion (FE) values. Plasma pH, strong ion difference, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide concentrations, and base excess decreased and plasma chloride and ionized calcium concentrations increased with decreasing DCAB. Urine pH decreased with decreasing DCAB. The FE of chloride and phosphorus were greatest for horses fed the low diet. The FE values for all electrolytes exept magnesium did not differ between urine samples obtained by single catheterization and total 24-hour collection. Daily balance of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, and potassium did not differ significantly among horses fed the various diets. CONCLUSIONS: In clinically normal horses and in horses with RER, the DCAB strongly affects plasma and urine pH and the FE of sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus.  相似文献   

17.
Urine (U) and serum (S) were obtained every 2 hours during a 12- or 24-hour period from eight healthy 96-hour-old pony or horse foals. Dams' milk samples were obtained concurrently. Urine volume was measured during this 12- or 24-hour period. The mean amount of urine produced was 148 +/- 20 ml/kg/day. Baseline urinalyses were evaluated on all foals at two days of age, before any manipulation. Urine generally was dilute (less than 1.008) but the specific gravity was as high as 1.027 in one normal foal. Continuous (12 or 24 hour) urinary catheterization resulted in bacteriuria but not white blood cells in the urine. Prolonged catheterization did not cause foals to become febrile or exhibit clinical signs of cystitis or other illness. Urinary electrolyte excretion, urinary electrolyte clearances, and fractional electrolyte excretions (FE) were measured. When compared with normal values reported in adult horses, excretion, clearance, and FE were similar for sodium (Na) but higher for potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca). There were no significant differences between data collected during different time periods, and it was concluded that the use of single sample urine/serum estimates of fractional excretion in the neonatal foal was an appropriate indicator of the renal handling of electrolytes, and when viewed in conjunction with urinalysis and other serum parameters, a valuable aid to evaluating renal function.  相似文献   

18.
Administration of thiazide diuretics has been recommended to prevent calcium oxalate urolith development in dogs. To evaluate the effects of thiazide diuretics in dogs, 24-hour urine excretion of calcium was measured in 6 clinically normal Beagles after administration of chlorothiazide (CTZ) for 2 weeks, administration of CTZ for 10 weeks, and administration of calcium carbonate and CTZ for 2 weeks. Compared with baseline values, 24-hour urine calcium excretion did not decrease after CTZ administration. When CTZ was given at a high dosage (130 mg/kg of body weight), urinary calcium excretion was significantly (P < 0.04) higher than baseline values. Based on these observations, we do not recommend CTZ for treatment or prevention of canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the kinetics of urinary recovery (UR) of 5 sugars used for gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal function testing following orogastric administration of lactose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose. ANIMALS: 7 healthy male Beagles. PROCEDURES: A sugar solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose was administered by orogastric intubation to healthy dogs. Urine samples were collected immediately before sugar solution administration (baseline) and at 2-hour intervals thereafter. The UR of the 5 sugars was determined from urine concentrations measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection. Percent urinary recovery (%UR) of the total UR up to 12 hours after sugar solution administration was calculated for each sugar at 2-hour intervals. RESULTS: Mean %UR exceeded 85% for all 5 sugars at 6 hours after orogastric administration of the sugar solution and exceeded 90% after 8 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy dogs, a urine collection period of 6 hours is sufficient for gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal function testing following orogastric administration of lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma and urine concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in dogs with chronic renal disease (CRD). ANIMALS: 17 dogs with naturally developing CRD and 21 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURE: A diagnosis of CRD was established on the basis of clinical signs, plasma concentrations of creatinine and urea, and results of urinalysis. Concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters were measured by use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations of RBP and THP were measured by use of sensitive ELISA systems. RESULTS: Dogs with CRD had higher plasma concentrations of retinol, which were not paralleled by differences in plasma concentrations of RBP. Calculated ratio of urinary total vitamin A (sum of concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters to creatinine concentration) and ratio of the concentration of urinary retinyl esters to creatinine concentration did not differ between groups. However, we detected a significantly higher retinol-to-creatinine ratio in the urine of dogs with CRD, which was paralleled by a higher urinary RBP-to-creatinine ratio. Thus, in dogs with CRD, the estimated fractional clearance of total vitamin A, retinol, and RBP was increased. Furthermore, dogs with CRD had a reduced urinary THP-to-creatinine ratio. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this study documented that CRD affects the concentrations of retinol in plasma and urine of dogs. Analysis of the data indicates that measurement of urinary RBP and urinary THP concentrations provides valuable information that can be helpful in follow-up monitoring of dogs with CRD.  相似文献   

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