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1.
Hormone interactions confer specific proliferative and histomorphogenic responses in the porcine mammary gland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K.C. Horigan J.F. Trott A.S. Barndollar J.M. Scudder R.M. Blauwiekel R.C. Hovey 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2009
Mammary gland growth and morphogenesis are regulated by interactions between hormones as much as by their individual actions. The effect of these interactions on the mammary gland phenotype in species other than rodents is relatively undefined. We investigated the individual and combined effects of estrogen (E), progestin (P), and prolactin (PRL) on mammary gland development in gilts. Pigs were shown to have a ductal-lobular parenchyma that underwent hormone-stimulated progression of terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) morphogenesis similar to that in the human breast. Ovariectomy plus hypoprolactinemia abolished mammary gland growth. Estrogen alone stimulated mammary epithelial cell proliferation, terminal bud formation, and the progression of TDLU1 structures to a TDLU2 morphotype. Maximal epithelial cell proliferation, DNA content, parenchymal area, and morphological development of the porcine mammary gland were realized following treatment with E + PRL or E + P + PRL. In contrast, P alone did not promote epithelial cell proliferation, TDLU type progression, mammary gland growth, or morphogenesis. These data indicate that interactions between E and PRL are the main determinants of growth and morphogenesis in the porcine mammary gland. 相似文献
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为了研究脂肪酸脱氢酶2(fatty acid desaturases 2,FADS2)基因在奶牛乳腺细胞脂肪酸代谢中的作用,本研究在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中对FADS2基因进行过表达和干扰,研究FADS2基因表达对脂肪酸合成相关基因的调控及对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中甘油三酯含量的影响。针对FADS2基因的CDS序列设计siRNA和过表达载体pcDNA3.1-FADS2-EGFP,转染奶牛乳腺细胞检测FADS2基因过表达和干扰对脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的影响及细胞中甘油三酯含量的变化。结果显示,试验成功获得过表达载体pcDNA3.1-FADS2-EGFP和干扰片段,转染细胞后具有良好的过表达和干扰效果。FADS2基因过表达后,1-酰基甘油磷酸酰基转移酶(AGPAT1)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白裂解激活蛋白(SCAP)、3-磷酸甘油转移酶(GPAM)、脂肪酸延长链5(ELOVL5)、乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1(ACAA1)、脂肪酸脱氢酶1(FADS1)、二酰基甘油转酰基酶1(DGAT1)和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)基因显著下调(P<0.05),脂滴蛋白2(PLIN2)基因极显著上调(P<0.01)。FADS2基因干扰过后可引起AGPAT1、GPAM、ELOVL5、ACAA1、PLIN2和FADS1基因显著上调(P<0.05),脂肪酸合成胰岛素诱导基因1(INSIG1)极显著上调(P<0.01),DGAT1和PPARα基因显著下调(P<0.05)。甘油三酯检测结果显示,FADS2基因过表达和干扰均可降低奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中甘油三酯的含量。综上所述,在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中,FADS2基因能调控脂质合成相关基因的表达,对乳腺脂质合成具有调控作用。 相似文献
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激素调节所需的特异调节区域已经被证实,具有多绑定位点并可结合几个转录因子的复合应答元件已经得到确定。乳腺特异的基因表达的调节需要多个因子问相互作用的合作,由催乳素调节的信号转导通路引发了转录因子与调节元件的绑定和相互作用及乳蛋白基因的表达。β-酪蛋白和乳清酸蛋白mRNA的基因内5’序列和3’非翻译区分别对于基因的有效表达起到至关重要的作用。近年来,科学工作者们设计了许多种载体,可在乳腺中表达外源基因。这项技术可用于操纵转基因家畜的乳汁成分,利用乳腺作为生物反应器应用于生物制药学中。 相似文献
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目的：观察葛根素对去卵巢小鼠乳腺及子宫的影响,研究其雌激素样作用。方法：将21日龄昆明系雌性小白鼠50只随机分成5组,每组10只。①正常对照组,正常＋蒸馏水;②阴性对照组,去势＋蒸馏水;③阳性对照组Ⅰ,去势＋己烯雌酚;④阳性对照组Ⅱ,去势＋己烯雌酚＋黄体酮;⑤试验组,去势＋葛根素。做乳腺标本和乳腺及子宫的常规切片,光镜观察。结果：摘除卵巢后的小鼠乳腺及子宫发育停止,乳腺导管和腺泡数（P〈0.01）、子宫系数（P〈0.01）、子宫壁腺体数（P〈0.05）与正常对照组比较差异显著或极显著。试验组的各项指标与阴性对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但高于阴性对照组。结论：葛根素有微弱的雌激素样作用,对去卵巢小鼠乳腺和子宫发育有显著的影响。 相似文献
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Hvid H Ekstrøm CT Vienberg S Oleksiewicz MB Klopfleisch R 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(1):103-108
The function and development of the rat mammary gland is dependent on the oestrus cycle. Normalization of gene expression in mammary gland samples assessed by quantitative RT-PCR therefore requires housekeeping genes (HKGs) which are stably expressed during the oestrus cycle. mRNA expression of 10 HKGs was measured in the rat mammary gland at different phases of the oestrus cycle. In addition, mRNA expression of the HKGs was measured in a panel of other rat tissues comprising laser microdissected mammary gland alveolar lobules and interlobular connective tissue and macrodissected mammary gland, liver, skeletal muscle, colon and ovary samples. Expression and ranking of HKGs varied between tissues and oestrus cycle phases and several HKGs were necessary for normalization between samples. In the mammary gland samples, three HKGs (Sdha, Tbp, and Atp5b) were identified as the optimal combination of stably expressed genes across oestrus cycle phases. For normalization between samples from the entire panel of rat tissues, eight HKGs (Rps18, Eef1a1, B2m, Actb, Tbp, Hprt, Pgk1, and Sdha) were identified as the optimal combination. These HKGs are of general relevance for studies comparing gene expression between different rat tissues. 相似文献
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本试验通过在饲粮中添加维生素与矿物质、调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平,旨在研究其对浙东白鹅母鹅繁殖性能、血液生殖激素浓度和生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响.选择138只月龄相近的浙东白鹅种母鹅,按体重相近原则分为3组,分别饲喂不同的饲粮,试验期150 d,测定繁殖性能(平均产蛋数、平均蛋重、受精率和孵化率)、血液生殖激素[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P4)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)]浓度和生殖轴相关基因[促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、卵泡刺激素-β(FSHβ)、雌激素受体1(ESR1)、雌激素受体2(ESR2)、卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)、催乳素(PRL)、催乳素受体(PRLR)] mRNA相对表达量的变化.结果表明:1)添加维生素与矿物质可显著提高浙东白鹅母鹅第1产蛋周期平均蛋重和受精率(P＜0.05);提高第2产蛋周期内血液FSH和P4的浓度,降低LH浓度,改变E2、P4和PRL浓度波动(P＜0.05);下调下丘脑PRLR、垂体PRL和卵巢PRLR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05),上调卵巢ESR2基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05).2)调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平可显著提高浙东白鹅母鹅第2产蛋周期平均蛋重(P＜0.05);提高浙东白鹅第2产蛋周期内血液LH浓度,降低FSH浓度,改变E2和P4浓度波动(P＜0.05);上调下丘脑GnRH、垂体PRL和PRLR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05),下调卵巢FSHR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05).由此得出,添加维生素与矿物质、调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平可通过影响产蛋周期内部分血液生殖激素浓度和波动,局部调节生殖轴相关基因的mRNA相对表达量,改善浙东白鹅母鹅的繁殖性能. 相似文献
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Bhatti SF Rao NA Okkens AC Mol JA Duchateau L Ducatelle R van den Ingh TS Tshamala M Van Ham LM Coryn M Rijnberk A Kooistra HS 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,33(3):294-312
Endogenous progesterone and synthetic progestins may induce hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) of mammary origin, hyperplastic ductular changes in the mammary gland, and the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) in dogs. It was investigated whether progestin-induced mammary GH plays a role in the pathogenesis of CEH in the bitch. During 1 year, bitches with surgically excised mammary glands and healthy control bitches received medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Before and after MPA treatment, uterine and mammary tissues were collected for histological, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR examination. After MPA administration, the mammary tissue in the control dogs had differentiated into lobulo-alveolar structures and CEH was present in all uteri of both dog groups. In the MPA-exposed mammary tissue of the control dogs, GH could only be demonstrated immunohistochemically in proliferating epithelium. After treatment with MPA the dogs of both groups had immunohistochemically demonstrable GH in the cytoplasm of hyperplastic glandular uterine epithelial cells. RT-PCR analysis of the mammary gland tissue after MPA administration demonstrated a significant higher GH gene, and lower GHR gene expression than before treatment. In the uterus, the expression of the gene encoding for GH was significantly increased in the mastectomized dogs, whereas in the control dogs the expression of the gene encoding for insulin-like growth factor-I had significantly increased with MPA administration. MPA treatment significantly down regulated PR gene expression in the uterus in both dog groups. These results indicate that progestin-induced GH of mammary origin is not an essential component in the development of CEH in the bitch. 相似文献
10.
Effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone on swine reproduction 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Concentrations of 25, 50, or 100 ppm of 95% purified zearalenone fed to groups of healthy, multiparous sows during preestrus or throughout the gestation period (or both) produced multiple reproductive deficiencies. These reproductive disorders included infertility, constant estrus, pseudopregnancy, diminished fertility, reduced litter size, smaller offspring, malformation, juvenile hyperestrogenism, and probably fetal resorption. Gross and histologic examinations of sows revealed lesions in the reproductive organs. Marked epithelial changes characterized by squamous metaplasia were noticed in the uterus, uterine duct, cervix, vagina, and mammary glands. 相似文献
11.
Yrj T. Gr hn Hollis N. Erb Charles E. McCulloch Hannu S. Saloniemi 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1990,8(4):241-252
Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of host characteristics, milk production and 23 veterinary diagnoses on the odds of contracting acute and chronic mastitis, and teat injury among 41 989 multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved during 1983.
Cows which had higher previous-lactation milk yields were at increased risk of acute and chronic mastitis, and teat injury. All of the mammary gland disorders were directly interrelated. Abomasal disorder, indoor hypomagnesemia, prolapsed uterus and vagina, and abortion were not risk factors for any of the three mammary gland disorders; however, retained placenta, udder edema, ketosis, non-parturient paresis, rumen acidosis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, silent heat, ovarian cyst and other types of infertility were all direct risk factors for at least two mammary gland disorders. 相似文献
12.
为确定王不留行对奶牛乳蛋白合成信号转导通路的影响,本试验通过水浸提方法制备王不留行提取液,采用Western blotting方法分别检测经王不留行水浸提液、雌激素及催乳素处理的泌乳期奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中乳蛋白合成信号分子的表达变化。结果显示,王不留行水浸提液、雌激素及催乳素都可以促进p-STAT5、p100、GAS、S6K1及p-mTOR的表达,进而促进乳蛋白合成,且添加蛋氨酸可以促进这一作用。提示,王不留行具有和雌激素、催乳素相似的作用,并在转录和翻译水平调节泌乳基因表达。 相似文献
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Fika Yuliza Purba Takahiro Nii Yukinori Yoshimura Naoki Isobe 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(12):1688-1697
Our previous study showed that intrauterine-infused lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be translocated to the mammary gland to induce weak inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether dexamethasone treatment facilitated the translocation of LPS from the uterus to the mammary gland to induce a heavy inflammatory response. Sixteen goats were divided into control and LPS groups, subjected to daily dexamethasone administration before saline or LPS infusion. Milk and blood samples were collected before and after LPS infusion to determine the milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) and blood leucocyte count (BLC), cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Mammary gland tissues were collected from two goats before and 24 hr after LPS infusion for immunohistochemical analysis of LPS. The mean SCC in the LPS group was significantly higher, whereas the milk yield was significantly lower than that in the control group after LPS infusion. The mean BLC in the LPS group was significantly lower than in the control group after LPS infusion. Furthermore, milk concentrations of IL-1β, S100A8 and lactoferrin were higher in the LPS group than in the control group after infusion. LPS was detected in the connective tissues and inner alveolar spaces of the mammary glands 24 hr after LPS infusion. We concluded that dexamethasone administration facilitated the translocation of intrauterine-infused LPS to the mammary gland, where it induced an inflammatory response. Therefore, LPS translocated from other organs, such as the uterus, can induce heavy inflammation in the mammary gland under immunosuppressive conditions. 相似文献
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Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the uterus and vagina of immature rats treated with 17-ethinyl estradiol 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kang JS Lee BJ Ahn B Kim DJ Nam SY Yun YW Nam KT Choi M Kim HS Jang DD Lee YS Yang KH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(12):1293-1297
The action of estrogen on target organs has been actively studied with the discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) beta. This study was carried out to examine the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterus and the vagina of immature Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 17-ethinyl estradiol (EE). Twenty days old rats were subcutaneously treated with EE at the doses of 0 (vehicle control), 0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 microg/kg/day for three consecutive days. The treatment of EE at the doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day significantly increased the weights of the uterus and vagina of rats (p<0.01) and retained fluid in the uterus of rats. At the high doses of 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day, the treatment of EE caused an increase in the uterine height, hypertrophy, and a decrease in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium. The treatment of EE at the doses of 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day also caused cornification and a decrease in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the vaginal epithelium. These results suggest that the EE treatment decrease the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterus and vagina of immature rats and that may be associated with the morphological changes such as increase in the uterine height, hypertrophy of the uterine epithelium, and cornification of the vagina. 相似文献
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通过对海狸鼠生殖器官的位置、形态、解剖结构特点的系统详细地观察及大小重量的测定，结果表明：海狸鼠生殖器官的构造与其它哺乳动物基本相似，雄性海狸鼠的精囊腺、前列腺、尿道球腺３种腺体均成对存在，但其中的精囊腺特别发达，腺体的自然长度为７０２ｃｍ±０．４７ｃｍ（ｎ＝１４），重为５３３ｇ±０７９ｇ（ｎ＝８）；值得提出的是雌性海狸鼠的子宫为长筒状双子宫颈的双子宫类型，即两子宫各自独立地开口于阴道，没有尿生殖道。公母海狸鼠肛门腺均发达。 相似文献
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Regulation by gonadal steroids of estrogen and progesterone receptors along the reproductive tract in female lambs. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A Meikle EG Garófalo M Rodríguez-Pi?ón C Tasende L Sahlin 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):161-169
The regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) expression by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the oviduct, uterus and cervix of female lambs was studied. The animals received three intramuscular injections of E2, P4 or vehicle with an interval of 24 h and they were slaugthered 24 h after the third injection. Determinations of ER and PR were performed by binding assays and mRNAs of ER alpha and PR by solution hybridization. High levels of ER and PR in both cervix and oviduct were found in the female lamb, differing from other mammalian species. No significant effects by either E2 or P4 treatment on ER and PR levels in the cervix and oviduct could be observed. E2 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR more than 3-fold in the cervix, while P4 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR in the uterus. The results show differential effects of gonadal steroids on sex steroid receptor expression along the reproductive tract in female lambs, suggesting that steroid target tissues can modulate responses to the same circulating levels of steroid hormones. 相似文献
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为分析DIO2和DIO3基因在小尾寒羊不同繁殖时期(黄体期和卵泡期)下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各组织中的表达差异,阐明这2个基因在绵羊发情转换中的表达模式,实验采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术对比分析DIO2和DIO3基因在黄体期和卵泡期小尾寒羊下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各组织中的表达差异。结果表明:DIO2和DIO3基因在下丘脑、垂体、松果体、大脑、小脑、卵巢、子宫、输卵管、肾脏、肾上腺10种组织中均表达;DIO2基因在黄体期和卵泡期的垂体组织中表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05),其中黄体期垂体、子宫、下丘脑、松果体、输卵管和卵巢DIO2的表达量显著高于卵泡期(P<0.05);DIO3在卵泡期松果体、下丘脑、子宫、垂体和输卵管的表达量显著高于黄体期(P<0.05)。综上,DIO2能抑制绵羊发情,而DIO3促进发情。 相似文献
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A single epithelium-free mammary fat pad was surgically prepared in each of twenty-five one-month-old, Friesian heifers. At 18 mo of age, heifers were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Treatments were: control (C), growth hormone (GH), estrogen (E) or growth hormone + estrogen (GE). Hormones were administered for 40 hr before the animals were sacrificed to provide mammary samples of parenchyma (PAR), intact fat pad (MFP), and epithelium-free or "cleared" fat pad (CFP). IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) mRNA was highest in CFP and MFP whereas the protein products were highest in PAR. IGFBP-2, a 28-kDa IGFBP and a 24-kDa IGFBP were more abundant in CFP and MFP. E and GH increased incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine into DNA of PAR. Incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine into the DNA of MFP or CFP was minimal. Coincident with the changes observed in mammary epithelial proliferation, E increased IGF-1 protein in MFP and PAR, and to a lesser extent in CFP. E tended to increase IGF-1 mRNA levels in MFP, but not CFP implying that the regulation of IGF-1 expression is modulated by adjacent epithelium. GH and E reduced IGFBP-3 protein in PAR and increased the 24-kDa IGFBP in CFP and MFP. Increased proliferation of mammary parenchymal cells was associated with increased IGF-1 and reduced IGFBP-3 protein in mammary tissue. An increase in the ratio of mammary IGF-1: IGFBP-3 likely increases the proportion of the mammary IGF-1 available to stimulate proliferation. These data also indicate that stromal: epithelial interactions regulate the IGF-1 axis in mammary tissue. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between estrogen receptor expression in neoplastic parenchymal cells and the type of canine mammary gland tumour. The research material included mammary gland tumours obtained from 66 dogs. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies and LSAB/Peroxidase/Universal Kit. The estrogen receptor expression was observed in nuclei of neoplastic cells in about 59% of the cases and in the cytoplasm in about 89% of the cases. In about 20% of the cases the expression in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm was extremely weak. No correlation was found between the expression of estrogen receptors and the value of mitotic indexes in the neoplasms investigated. 相似文献