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1.
稻纵卷叶螟田间种群数量动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析秀山县2009年稻纵卷叶螟成虫、卵量、幼虫数量消长动态,并与2008年及1978—2008年平均值进行比较,研究稻纵卷叶螟发生规律,以指导稻纵卷叶螟测报及综合防治工作。 相似文献
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稻纵卷叶螟是水稻的主要害虫之一,本地一年发生4—5代,以二代发蛾量较大。过去由于二代稻纵卷叶螟发生量的预报方法不够准确,影响了指导大面积的防治工作。为了寻找较切合本地区二代发生量的预报办法,笔者根据本地区1976年以来的测报资料和气象资料,找出影响稻纵卷叶螟二代发生量的主导因素(温雨系数与蛾初见期)。试图用回归分析法来探讨二代稻纵卷叶螟的发生量的预测。 相似文献
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稻纵卷叶螟产卵选择性的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻纵卷叶螟 Chaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee是我国北方水稻上日趋严重的重要迁飞性害虫。该虫的田间落卵量除与降蛾量、雌雄比、抱卵量、稻丛密度等因素有关外,田间调查还发现它与水稻的叶色有关,在此基础上,我们于1986—1987年就其成虫对郑粳107品种产卵的选择性做了进一步的观察、测定和分析。近两年实践表明,试验结果对卷叶螟的防治具有普遍性的指导意义。 相似文献
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稻纵卷叶螟的发生与危害程度除了受迁入虫源和寄主生育状况的影响外,还和天敌有着较为密切的关系。几年来,对稻纵卷叶螟的天敌种类、跟随关系、控制作用及影响因素等方面作了一些基本调查与分析,情况如下。一、稻纵卷叶螟的天敌种类根据几年来的调查,河南稻纵卷叶螟的天敌有48种,隶属于6目20科。其中卵期天敌五种,拟澳洲赤眼蜂(Trichogramma confusum)为优势种,幼虫期天敌24种;蛹期天敌4种;成虫期天敌10种;重寄生天敌三种。以下10种为稻纵卷叶螟天敌新记录: 幼虫期天敌:1.腹沟茧蜂Microplitis sp., 2.龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica,3.黑斑足突眼隐翅虫Stenus cicindela,4.小黑足突眼隐翅虫Stenus veecundus。 相似文献
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为了明确稻纵卷叶螟的田间种群动态和虫源性质,本文通过田间调查、雌蛾卵巢解剖及风场分析,对2010年江苏仪征市单季稻区第3、4代稻纵卷叶螟发生动态和田间种群的虫源性质进行系统研究.结果表明:第3代基本为迁入种群,分别在7月19-22日、26-27日、7月29-8月1日,出现3个明显的迁入峰;第4代为本地繁殖大部分迁出种群,分别在9月4日、7-9日、11日、16-17日、19-21日出现明显的蛾量突减现象.同时对迁飞高度(850 hPa)的高空风向分析表明,在这个区域内的第3代发生期间高空盛行偏南风,有利于稻纵卷叶螟的成虫从南方迁入,而第4代发生期间高空盛行偏北风,有利于稻纵卷叶螟的成虫向南回迁.第3代发生期间的降雨量、日平均气温和相对湿度对稻纵卷叶螟的大发生影响不显著,第3代(主害代)高峰日蛾量与稻纵卷叶螟的田间卵量发生程度呈显著正相关.最后讨论了近几年稻纵卷叶螟在仪征市发生为害加重的原因. 相似文献
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转cry1Ab基因粳稻对稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价转cry1Ab基因粳稻(KMD1和KMD2)对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)成虫产卵行为的影响,采用"Y"型嗅觉仪和笼罩以及田间试验等方法对稻纵卷叶螟成虫对转基因水稻的趋性以及其产卵选择性进行了研究,并利用固相微萃取和GC-MS技术测定了这2种Bt水稻及其对照亲本秀水11挥发物的组成及其相对含量。结果表明,稻纵卷叶螟成虫在"Y"型嗅觉仪和小型笼罩内对Bt水稻和对照亲本的选择性差异不显著,而在大型笼罩和田间条件下均显著趋向于在非转基因水稻上产卵,其中大田中稻纵卷叶螟在KMD1、KMD2和对照中的百叶卵量分别为2.20±1.28、1.00±0.77和5.60±2.16粒。水稻挥发物的组成及其相对含量在Bt水稻及其对照亲本之间差异不显著。表明相对于Bt水稻,在田间条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫趋向于在非转基因水稻产卵,而水稻挥发物可能不是引起这种行为趋性的直接原因。 相似文献
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不同食料对人工饲养的二化螟生长发育和产卵量的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
以浙江省 3种主栽水稻品种浙辐 910、杂交稻 (Ⅱ优 3027)、秀水 11的稻苗为供试食料喂饲二化螟 ,研究了 3种食料对二化螟生长发育和产卵量的影响。结果发现 ,3种食料对二化螟的存活率及性比影响较显著 ,对其发育历期的影响仅在低龄时有显著差异。不同的食料对二化螟蛹和成虫大小及产卵量的影响不大 ;在同样的食料条件下 ,不同性别间的发育历期差别不大 ,但二化螟蛹及成虫的大小在两性间差异显著 ,初蛹体重、体长以及成虫体重、体长 ,都是雌性极显著大于雄性 相似文献
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Christian Kjaer Niels Elmegaard Jrgen A. Axelsen Per N. Andersen Nanna Seidelin 《Pest management science》1998,52(4):361-371
Direct topical impact of an insecticide spray on a population of a non-target leaf-eating beetle, Gastrophysa polygoni, was studied, and the relative importance of phenology, instar susceptibility and instar specific exposure was evaluated. Two insecticides, cypermethrin and dimethoate, were investigated. In the laboratory, topical toxicity to eggs, second-instar larvae and adults was recorded in dose-response experiments. The spatial distribution of larvae and eggs were measured in the field. Deposition of insecticide onto eggs, second-instar larvae and adult specimens was measured at different positions within the crop canopy by use of a dye tracer technique. A temperature-driven population model was constructed to simulate population development of all life stages in the field. The model was based on laboratory measures of growth and development at various temperatures. Mortality due to direct insecticide exposure was calculated as a function of population demography, spatial distribution of individuals, spatial deposition of the insecticide, and stage-specific susceptibility. Cypermethrin had the greatest impact, reducing population size by 19–32%. The life stages most sensitive to cypermethrin were the larval instars. As the population developed from eggs to larvae and imagines, the impact of one spraying first increased and then decreased according to the proportion of larvae in the population. Dimethoate had less effect on the population, i.e. 1·9–7·6% reduction. Dimethoate was most toxic to the egg stage, and consequently the effect on the population decreased as the proportion of eggs decreased due to hatching. The direct effect of insecticide spraying was significantly affected by all three factors investigated, i.e. phenology, life stage susceptibility and stage-specific exposure. The latter factor is composed of both spray flux at various spatial positions in the canopy and the ability of different life stages to retain spray droplets. © 1998 SCI 相似文献
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Cem Ozkan 《Phytoparasitica》2006,34(4):338-346
Effect of host diet on the development time, mortality and adult size of the solitary koinobiont egg-larval parasitoidChelonus oculator (Panzer) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was examined in superparasitizedEphestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The experiment at a tritrophic level was conducted at 25±1°C, 60–70% relative humidity.
Eggs ofE. kuehniella were parasitized one, two and three times by the parasitoid, and the hosts containing different numbers of parasitoid eggs
were reared in two different host diets. As host diets, a 2:1 mixture of wheat flour and rough wheat bran (HD1) and a 2:1:0.25:0.50:0.25:0.25
mixture of rough wheat bran, corn flour, dry yeast, honey, milk powder, glycerin (HD2) were used. Unlike in the HD1 treatment,
development times of the parasitoid were significantly affected by the number of eggs per host in the HD2 treatment. In addition,
all development times of the parasitoid in the HD2 treatment were found to be significantly shorter than those of the parasitoid
in the HD1 treatment. The mortality of the parasitoid was similar on both host diets, regardless of the number of eggs per
host. However, superparasitism decreased the parasitoid eclosion in both host diet treatments. As well as mortality, when
the size of the adult parasitoid was not affected by the host diet differences with the same number of eggs per host, superparasitism
significantly decreased the size of the parasitoid in both host diet treatments. The findings of this investigation confirm
that there is a significant interaction between host diet and the third trophic level, the parasitoid. Thus, effects of host
diets at tritrophic levels should be incorporated into models of superparasitism.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 22, 2006. 相似文献
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猎物的质量直接决定了天敌的质量和饲养规模。蠋蝽是一种重要的捕食性天敌,其若虫和成虫对鳞翅目害虫幼虫均有较强的捕食能力。目前蠋蝽主要依靠黏虫来饲养。但在长期室内饲养过程中黏虫种群出现衰退现象,进而制约了蠋蝽规模化繁育。本文旨在研究黏虫种群复壮措施,为蠋蝽的规模化繁育提供技术支撑。为此,采用回接自然寄主和室内与室外种群杂交的方式评价了黏虫的种群复壮效果。结果表明,回接自然寄主玉米叶后黏虫的幼虫发育历期(18.03 d)较人工饲料饲养组(21.26 d)显著缩短,蛹重(369.00 mg)和成虫产卵量(770.88粒/雌)显著高于人工饲料饲养组(323.56 mg, 532.73粒/雌),但二者的蛹历期和成虫寿命无显著差异。杂交试验结果表明,4种交配方式产生的F1代产卵前期、雌雄成虫寿命及其子代幼虫和蛹的发育历期无显著差异,但产卵期、产卵量及蛹重存在差异。其中以田间雌性×田间雄性(YF×YM)组合的产卵期最长(8.07 d)和产卵量最高(938.77粒/雌),而以田间雌性×室内雄性(YF×EM)组合的蛹最重(354.59 mg)。这些结果显示,通过回接自然寄主和室内与室... 相似文献
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龟纹瓢虫残食同种卵行为的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文初次研究了龟纹瓢虫残食同种卵的行为。结果表明:龟纹瓢虫幼虫和成虫均有明显的残食同种卵行为。初孵幼虫取食2粒卵即可完成一龄发育,但生存时间明显延长。以其卵作食料可完成幼虫发育,但发育历期较慢;成虫残食同种卵则无生殖能力。因此认为,当自然界缺乏猎物时,龟纹瓢虫卵可作为增加它的生存机会及种群延续的一种替换食料。这种残食同种卵行为对于种群自我调节和繁衍有着重要的生物学意义。 相似文献
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不同食料对黄地老虎生长发育和繁殖的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
幼虫在不同食料饲养中,以灰藜最好,苘麻最差。前者幼虫期平均23～30.9天,脱皮4～5次,自然死亡率4.3～8.0％;后者则各为46.1～47.1天、6～7次、45％。各种食料饲养的蛹重,以白菜和灰藜较重,马铃薯较轻。蛹重不是决定成虫产卵高低的主要因子,而与幼虫取食食料种类关系较为密切。如幼虫取食白菜、棉花及玉米、马铃薯混杂草者,较取食旋花、马铃薯及玉米者产卵量高0.15～2.23倍,产卵期和寿命亦较长。取食混合食料的幼虫,发育速度和成虫产卵量,一般均较取食单纯一种食料为高。在成虫取食各种花蜜饲养中,以供食蜂蜜红糖水、马蔺花和向日葵花者产卵率和产卵量最高,白菜花、苜蓿花和清水者最低,前者为后者产卵量的1.99～14.06倍,雌蛾产卵率高11.1～35.7％,产卵期和寿命亦以前者为长。从幼虫和成虫取食不同营养对产卵量的对比来看,成虫期补充营养较幼虫期营养更为重要。因而某一地区蜜源植物的种类、分布密度以及蜜源植物花期与成虫发生期的符合程度,是决定某地区黄地老虎种群密度高低、为害轻重的最主要因素之一。 相似文献
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间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨的防控效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus Ehara种群的防控效果,于室内测定了大蒜提取液对截形叶螨卵的毒杀活性及对雌成螨的驱避和产卵选择性影响,并研究了田间不同比例间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨自然种群的影响。结果表明,用0.05 g/mL和0.10 g/mL大蒜提取液处理后,截形叶螨卵死亡率分别为44.53%和63.53%,均显著高于空白对照;大蒜提取液处理蔬菜叶片72h后,截形叶螨雌成螨和卵的数量分别为16头和141粒,均显著低于空白对照组的23头和236粒;田间茄子和大蒜按1∶1、2∶1或4∶1间作均可降低截形叶螨自然发生数量,其中1∶1和2∶1间作对截形叶螨种群控制显著升高。研究表明,大蒜提取液对截形叶螨雌成螨取食及产卵具有显著的驱避活性;且间作大蒜可以对截形叶螨种群起到明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
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The effects of the texture of seed coats of three pulse cultivars, of which two, TVu12349 (wrinkled cowpea) and Borno brown (rough cowpea) belonged to Vigna unguiculata, and one, Bunmonu (smooth bambara groundnut) belonged to Vigna subterranea, as well as pre-and post-oviposition application on the efficacy of the essential oils of clove (Syzgium aromaticum), West African black pepper (WABP) (Piper guineense) and ginger (Zingiber officinale), against oviposition and development of Callosobruchus maculatus, were investigated under prevailing storage conditions (32-35°C and 40-50% RH) and 24 h darkness in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Seed coat texture influenced the bioactivity of the essential oils, especially clove oil, against oviposition and the proportion of C. maculatus adults that emerged significantly more than host species: the mean numbers of eggs laid on the smooth-seeded Bunmonu, the rough-seeded Borno brown and the wrinkled TVu12349 were 16.9, 16.7 and 24.2%, respectively; adult emergence was 31.1% in the wrinkled TVu12349, 45.3% in the rough-seeded Borno brownand 10.2% in the smooth-seeded Bunmonu. The smooth-seeded Bunmonu reduced oviposition in seeds treated with clove oil by 91.4% and 98.4% relative to the mean number of eggs laid in the rough-seeded and the wrinkled Tvu12349, respectively; comparable figures of oviposition reduction by Bunmonu in untreated seeds were 4.8 and 15.9% relative to the mean number of eggs laid in Borno brown and Tvu12349, respectively. Both pre-and post-oviposition application of the essential oils significantly suppressed oviposition and/or adult emergence. In the pre-oviposition application, treatment of bambaranut seeds with clove, WABP and ginger oils at the rate of 1 mg/5 g seed reduced the mean number of eggs laid by C. maculatus by 70.7, 98.7 and 86.2%, respectively, relative to the number of eggs laid in untreated seeds. Post-oviposition treatments were, however, more effective on average, than pre-oviposition treatments in reducing the proportion of C. maculatus adults that emerged. In the post-oviposition application, no adult C. maculatus emerged in bambaranut seeds treated with clove oil at the rate of 0.5 or 1 mg/5 g seed. 相似文献
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U. Kuhlmann 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):67-73
Abstract The biology of the univoltine, predatory sarcophagid fly Agria mamillata (Pandellé) was studied in a population of Yponomeuta evonymellus(L.) (Yponomeutidae) attacking Prunuspadus L. in the Valais, Switzerland. Clarification of the literature records suggests that A. mamillata is oligophagus, attacking five Yponomeuta species in the Palaearctic. The adult flies emerged in May. The presence of host odour was advantageous to elicit mating. After a preoviposition period of 19 days, the ovolarviparous females deposited eggs/first instar larvae on the cuticle of late fifth instar prey larvae, or on cocoons of prey pupae. The potential fecundity averaged 40 eggs per female. Reid data indicated that females of the predator laid more eggs in tents with higher prey density. Larval development lasted 11 days. Rain stimulates mature predator larvae to leave the tents of Y. evonymellus to pupate in the soil. Pupation was observed between early July and mid August. Predation rates ( = number of prey eaten per predator) were estimated from laboratory food consumption tests and from the number of predator larvae and predated cocoons in prey tents in the field. It was shown that a single predator consumed an average of five Y. evonymellus individuals. Field data indicated that predation rates cannot increase with higher numbers of prey available. It was shown that the number of prey eaten per predator decrease with higher predator densities per tent in the field. 相似文献
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Diets consisting of leaves of cotton and/or water were insufficient to promote the complete development and survival of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) to the adult stage. However, nymphs fed leaves lived longer than those provided with only water. Addition of Alabama argillacea (Huebner) larvae to the diet of P. nigrispinus added a substantial increment to the survival during the nymphal stage. The addition of cotton leaves to the diet of P. nigrispinus nymphs promoted an increase in the weight of newly eclosed adults, independent of predator sex. In addition, diets supplemented with cotton leaves promoted an increase in the duration of the oviposition period, the number of egg clutches per female, and the number of eggs per female. No effects were noted on either the duration of the pre-oviposition period, the number of eggs of the first clutch, the number of eggs per clutch, the interval between egg clutches, or sex ratio. Feeding on plant material by P. nigrispinus is a potentially positive attribute in biological control against cotton leafworm. 相似文献