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1.
Carla Ceoloni 《Euphytica》1980,29(3):547-553
Summary Barley in Italy has recently been seriously affected by Rhynchosporium secalis. The pathogenic variation of the fungus was studied and 17 races were differentiated on 13 barley cultivars carrying most of the currently known genes for resistance. RC 1, the most virulent and most frequent race, was virulent on 10 out of the 13 differentials and the remaining races proved to be less virulent variants of RC 1. Atlas (C.I. 4118), Atlas 46 (C.I. 7323) and Osiris (C.I. 1622) were the only three differentials resistant to all the analyzed single-spore isolates.Differential cultivars previously assumed to have identical resistance factors did not react in the same way to all the Italian races, thereby revealing either undisclosed differences in the genes described or the presence of additional unidentified ones.Our findings were compared with previous data about virulence of scald populations from different countries, on the basis of tests with common differentials: fundamental differences were found between the Italian population and those of other countries with regard to virulence patterns.The susceptible reactions to race RC 1 of most barley cultivars grown in Italy indicate the urgent need for resistance genes to be incorporated in the cultivated material. Seventy-one barley accessions, known as sources of resistance in different parts of the world, were screened for their behaviour to races RC 1 and RC 13. Twenty-two appeared resistant to both of them. 相似文献
2.
不同类型啤酒大麦品种遗传多样性及遗传差异的SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用28对SSR引物对包括22份野生材料,8份耐盐碱材料,21份优质高产甘啤系列品种(系)材料和9份日本早熟材料在内的60份啤酒大麦品种资源的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,所用28对引物,有25对有多态性;聚类结果表明这些材料遗传相似系数分布在0.4792~0.9948之间。在遗传相似系数0.63的水平上,这些材料聚类为2大类,下分7个亚类。从聚类结果看出,不同类型材料基本各自聚为一类,表明不同类型品种(系)内遗传差异较小;不同类型品种(系)间遗传差异较大,杂交可能会产生较强的杂种优势和较高的产量潜力。 相似文献
3.
RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analyses were carried out on 21 accessions of Lachenalia bulbifera (Cyrillo) Engl. Five pre-selected primers produced an average of 88% polymorphisms. Fifteen of the 21 accessions could be
identified using the five primers. In a pairwise comparison genetic distance values ranging from 0.11 to 1.08 were obtained.
These values reveal a high amount of variation within the species. The genetic distance values within the tetraploid and hexaploid
groups on the south coast were low, but values were high between the groups on the south coast and those on the west coast.
A dendogram was constructed from the RAPD banding profiles, using UPGM cluster analysis. The dendogram clusters certain accessions
together. These clusters are supported by their geographical locality and chromosome data. The hexaploid group, tetraploid
group and octoploid group on the south coast are respectively clustered together. It is concluded that RAPDs can be used to
assess the genetic variation at an intra-specific level in Lachenalia.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
A phenotypic diversity index (PDI) was calculated using 10 agronomiccharacteristics recorded in 90 accessions of 2-row spring barleys and 29accessions of 6-row spring barleys grown in the Nordic Region. The PDIranged from 0.0308 to 0.6245 in 2-row barley accessions and from0.0314 to 0.7016 in 6-row barley accessions. The average PDIs were0.2178 and 0.2438 in 2-row and 6-row barley germplasm, which confirmsthat some older cultivars were parents of newer cultivars. The lowest PDIwas between accessions with the same name, which suggest that irrespectiveof their market source, they were the same cultivars. The largest PDI rangesin 2-row barley cultivars within the same country or release decade werecorrelated to the number of accessions in the respective cluster, whichsuggests that phenotypic diversity in this germplasm depends on the numberof cultivars included in the cluster. However, this association was not alwaysobserved in 6-row barley cultivars. The most distinct 2-row cultivars wereArla and Akka from Sweden, whereas Sigur and Tampa from Iceland werethe most distinct 6-row cultivars as determined by both PDI and averagelinkage cluster analysis. This analysis also confirm that the 2-row barleyaccessions Jenny, Triumph, and Vega, which were obtained from twodistinct market sources, and the 6-row barley accessions under the nameAgneta (but from three market sources) were the same. The analysis ofvariance of the PDI indicates that 6-row germplasm may be clusteredaccording to their geographical origin or decade of release, but this was notobserved in 2-row barley germplasm. This research demonstrates theadvantage of PDI to assess variation among breeding pools. 相似文献
5.
Seed dormancy is one of the most important parameters affecting the malting process and pre-harvest sprouting in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Variation of seed dormancy in 4365 cultivated and 177 wild barley (ssp. spontaneum) accessions derived from different regions of the world was investigated in Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan. Seed dormancy
of each accession was estimated from their germination percentages at 0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks post-harvest after-ripening periods.
All of the wild barley accessions showed less than 10% germination at 0 week after-ripening period. Level of seed dormancy
in 4365 cultivated barley accessions showed a clear geographical differentiation. Seventy seven percent of Ethiopian accessions
showed high germination percentages, while 86% of Japanese, Turkish and North African accessions showed low germination percentages
at 0 week after-ripening period. A half diallel cross using eleven barley accessions with different level of dormancy revealed
that seed dormancy was predominately controlled by additive gene effects. These results suggest that large genetic diversity
for seed dormancy in barley is explained as different levels of additive accumulation of genetic factors. Barley varieties
showing appropriate dormancy could be developed by crossing among barley germplasm accessions used in the present study. 相似文献
6.
Sui-Kwong Yau 《Euphytica》2002,123(3):307-314
Three plastic-house experiments were conducted to compare the tolerance of European with West Asian and North African (WANA)
winter barleys to boron (B) toxicity. Experiment I screened 24 winter barley entries with diverse origins. Experiment III
tested 420 random accessions from seven European and seven WANA countries. Plants were screened in a soil mixed with boric
acid (50 mg B/kg) and foliar B-toxicity symptom scores were recorded. Lower scores indicated higher B-toxicity tolerance.
In Experiment II, five lines/varieties from each of the European and WANA groups were grown in pots with two soil B levels
(0 and 25 mg B/kg). The West Asian landrace barleys had a lower mean B-toxicity symptom score than the European ones. The
Syrian landrace variety normally grown in drier areas had a lower score than the Syrian landrace variety grown in wetter areas.
Dry weights of the European and WANA groups were not different without adding B, but dry weight under 25 mg B/kg was lower
for the European group than the WANA group. European accessions had a higher mean B-toxicity symptom score than the WANA accessions.
Iranian and Afghan accessions had the lowest mean scores among countries. These results support the hypothesis that European
winter barley varieties and accessions are less tolerant to B toxicity than those WANA accessions and varieties developed
from local landraces. The lower B-toxicity tolerance could be a factor adversely affecting the performance of European winter
barley varieties in the highlands of WANA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
The diversity of 27 superior tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) accessions from Korea, Japan and Taiwan was examined with RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction)
markers. Out of the 50 primers screened, 17 primers generated 58 polymorphic and reproducible bands. A minimum of 3 primers
was sufficient to distinguish all the 27 accessions studied. The Shannon's index used to partition diversity into inter- and
intra-group, revealed that 71 percent of variability resided within groups and 29 percent between groups. Diversity was greatest
within the Korean group followed by Taiwan and Japan. The relatively high diversity observed in Korea might reflect the larger
genetic base of its plantations while the low diversity in Japan could be explained by the long and intensive tea selection
programme in this country. A dendrogram based on the UPGMA-link method using Jaccard's distances and multivariate Factorial
correspondence analysis clustered the tea accessions into two main groups, regrouping the Taiwan cultivars on the one side
and the Korean and Japanese accessions on the other side. This suggests that the Taiwan tea studied here may have a different
origin from that of Korea and Japan.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
The diversity among 52 landraces and cultivars of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and one accession of its wild ancestor, F. tataricum ssp. potanini Batalin, from diverse geographic origins was examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)
markers. Eighteen primers produced a total of 240 fragments, of which 153 (63.75%) were monomorphic and 87 (36.25%) polymorphic
bands. UPGMA-based pairwise Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity was used to deduce the relationships among 53 genetically
diverse accessions. The similarity between cultivated tartary buckwheat accessions ranged from 0.61 to 1.00. Four distinct
clusters were formed which corresponded well with the geographic distribution of the tartary buckwheat. Nepalese accessions
showed maximum diversity followed by Chinese accessions. Tartary buckwheat accessions from the Himalayan region of northwestern
India revealed a narrow gene pool. The wild buckwheat accession did not group with any of the three cultivated tartary buckwheat
groups, and formed its own single-entry group. Genetic similarity (0.59) of Chinese buckwheat accessions with the wild ancestor
reaffirmed that cultivated tartary buckwheat originated in the Yunnan province of northwestern China. Consistent with some
earlier reports, our study demonstrated the usefulness of the RAPD technique for the characterization of plant genetic resources
and assessment of diversity between species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
A series of PCR methods were used to detect S-RNase alleles and SFB alleles and to determine S-genotypes in 25 accessions of myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera L.). Firstly, primers flanking the polymorphic second intron were used to identify S-RNases in agarose gels. These primers amplified one or two bands per accession in 25 accessions. Then consensus primers were designed
for amplifying the polymorphic first intron, unique to Prunus S-RNases, for automated fluorescent detection. Each accession produced one or two peaks. New primers were then developed to amplify
the intron in the SFB gene, for detection by fluorescence. Cross-referencing PCR bands and peaks indicated 15 S-alleles were present in the 25 accessions. Cloning, sequencing and comparison with published data indicated that the amplified
products were S-RNase alleles. Sequence information was used to design primers specific for each S-RNase. Full and consistent S-genotypes were obtained by cross-comparing PCR data for 23 of the 25 accessions, and two accessions appeared to have a single
allele. Pollen-tube microscopy indicated function of some but not all of the S-alleles sequenced. 相似文献
10.
新麦草Psathyrostachys juncea遗传变异的细胞学和分子的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用染色体C分带、同功酶和RAPD技术分析了来自不同地理分布的新麦草不同材料的单株,观察其c带的多态性,即同源染色体的配对,相同材料的不同个体之间,同一地区不同材料之间,以及不同来源的材料之间的多态性。10个同功酶揭示了14个假定标记位点,其中11个显示了多态性(平均66.2％,每个位点具2.6个等位基因)。大量的等位变化发生在多数的多态位点上。在所用试材中有近90％的等位变化。在优化条件下,200个测试引物中有55.5％的材料间产生了多态性的RAPDs带型。在同一材料中和不同材料间分别有55.7％和47.8％的扩增片断是多态的。C—带、同功酶和RAPD分析结果是互相确证而高度一致的,为新麦草的遗传变异提供了模式。 新麦草具有抗旱、耐盐碱和抗黄矮病的特性,可以在小麦育种工作上加以利用。 相似文献
11.
SSR-based genetic diversity assessment among Tunisian winter barley and relationship with morphological traits 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
For studying genetic diversity caused byselection for adaptation and end-use, 17microsatellites (SSR), representative ofthe barley genome, were used in 26 barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions andcultivars in Tunisia. Theaccessions/cultivars originate fromdifferent geographic regions and are ofdifferent end-use. For the 15 polymorphicSSR, the mean number of alleles per locuswas 3.6 and the average polymorphisminformation content was 0.45. Clusteranalysis based on SSR data and onmorphological data clearly differentiatethe genotypes according to their type(local landraces vs. varieties), row-numberand end-use. The correlation between bothdiversity measures was highly significant(r = 0.25, p<10-5) and thecorrespondence between the clustering basedon SSR and morphological data wasrelatively good. Our results show the largegenetic diversity of the Tunisian barleycultivars and the association of thisdiversity with adaptation traits. 相似文献
12.
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is an oil-bearing species with multiple uses and considerable potential as a bioenergy crop. The present
investigation has been undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in a representative set of 42 accessions of J. curcas encompassing different crop growing regions in India along with a non-toxic genotype from Mexico as a prelude for utilization
of promising and genetically divergent materials in the breeding programmes. Molecular polymorphism was 42.0% with 400 RAPD
primers and 33.5% with 100 ISSR primers between accessions indicating modest levels of genetic variation in the Indian germplasm.
The within-population variation based on RAPD polymorphism was 64.0% and was on par with the inter-population variation. Polymorphic
ISSR markers have been identified that could differentiate the Indian accessions from the Mexican genotype and two of them
were converted to SCAR markers. The SCAR primer pair ISPJ1 amplified a 543 bp fragment in all the Indian populations, while
ISPJ2 with a specific amplicon of 1,096 bp was specific to the Mexican genotype. Population-specific bands have been identified
for the accession from Kerala (2 RAPD markers), Neemuch-1 from Rajasthan (1 each of RAPD and ISSR markers) and the non-toxic
genotype from Mexico (17 RAPD and 4 ISSR markers), which serve as diagnostic markers in genotyping. The study indicates an
immediate need for widening the genetic base of J. curcas germplasm through introduction of accessions with broader geographical background. 相似文献
13.
Summary The Near East Fertile Crescent extending from Iran to Israel is the centre of origin of cultivated barley and a region of great genetic diversity in wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch (syn. H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (C. Koch Thell)). Wild barley accessions collected from different parts of this region were evaluated for their reactions to infection with three isolates of Erysiphe graminis hordei and two of Puccinia hordei. One culture of each pathogen was isolated in Israel and the others, either in Japan or the United States. Out of a total of 330 wild barley accessions collected from 14 sites in Iran, Turkey and Syria, only 18.8% were resistant to the Israeli culture, and 14.8% were resistant to a composite of the Japanese and American cultures of E. graminis hordei. Out of 105 accessions collected from six sites in Iran and Turkey, none was found to be resistant to the Israeli culture and 34.3% were resistant to the American culture of P. hordei. Considerable variation was observed both within and among sites for reactions to infection with different cultures of each of the two pathogens. The results of this study were compared with those of an earlier study involving wild barley accessions from Israel to illustrate the relative importance of different subregions in the Near East Fertile Crescent as sources of new genes for resistance to E. graminis hordei and P. hordei. Implications of these studies for in situ conservation of genetic diversity in wild barley are discussed. 相似文献
14.
This work aimed to proceed molecular characterization of seven banana accessions (Borneo, Grand Naine, 1304-06, 4249-05, 0337-02,
0323-03 and 4279-06) resistance to the nematode Radopholus similis. These accessions were selected taking in account the reproduction factor (RF) among 26 banana genotypes from a working collection
belonging to Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical. The genomic DNA of the seven accessions was extracted, and 36 decamere
primers had been used to obtain RAPD markers. The resulting markers were converted into a matrix of binary data. From that
matrix the genetic distance between the accessions were estimated, for further clustering and graphic dispersion analyses.
From a total of 521 RAPD markers generated, 420 (81%) were polymorphic, including 140 (27%) potentially promising for application
on works related to genetic mapping of the resistance to R. similis. OPE-15, OPH-17, and OPG-09 were the primers that contributed to the highest number of bands promising for genetic mapping
of resistance (12, 8, and 8, respectively). The genetic distances between accessions ranged from 0.106 to 0.455, with the
longest one observed between cv. Borneo and the genotype 4279-06, considered as highly susceptible and resistant, respectively,
to the nematode according to the RF. The graphic dispersion distinguished three groups of accessions, and most of resistant
genotypes clustered together in the same group. The most contrastant genotypes for resistance (Borneo and 4249-05) were separated
by a genetic distance of 0.374, and possessed a total of 114 polymorphic bands promising for genetic mapping of resistance.
In addition, the results of pathogenicity tests were congruent with those obtained by RAPD analyses. 相似文献
15.
Development of molecular markers linked to the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fom-1</Emphasis> locus for resistance to Fusarium race 2 in melon 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Ali Oumouloud Maria Soledad Arnedo-Andres Rafael Gonzalez-Torres Jose María Alvarez 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):347-356
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (F.o.m), is a worldwide soil-borne disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.). The most effective control measure available is the use of resistant varieties. Resistance to races 0 and 2 of this
fungal pathogen is conditioned by the dominant gene Fom-1. An F2 population derived from the ‘Charentais-Fom1’ × ‘TRG-1551’ cross was used in combination with bulked segregant analysis utilizing
the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, in order to develop molecular markers linked to the locus Fom-1. Four hundred decamer primers were screened to identify three RAPD markers (B17649, V01578, and V061092) linked to Fom-1 locus. Fragments amplified by primers B17649 and V01578 were linked in coupling phase to Fom1, at 3.5 and 4 cM respectively, whereas V061092 marker was linked in repulsion to the same dominant resistant allele at 15.1 cM from the Fom-1 locus. These RAPDs were cloned and sequenced in order to design primers that would amplify only the target fragment. The
derived sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers SB17645 and SV01574 (645 and 574 bp, respectively) were present only in the resistant parent. The SV061092 marker amplified a band of 1092 bp only in the susceptible parent. These markers are more universal than the CAPS markers
developed by Brotman et al. (Theor Appl Genet 10:337–345, 2005). The analysis of 24 melon accessions, representing several melon types, with these markers revealed that different melon
types behaved differently with the developed markers supporting the theory of multiple, independent origins of resistance
to races 0 and 2 of F.o.m. 相似文献
16.
Tef is one of the staple cereal crops in Ethiopia. To evaluate genetic diversity of tef and its relatives, 47 accessions of
tef, three accessions of E. pilosa, and six accessions of E. curvulawere analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The level of polymorphism among the wild species was
extremely high, while low polymorphism was detected among tef accessions. All cultivars and wild species under study could
be distinguished with the help of different primers, thereby indicating the potential of RAPD in the genetic fingerprinting
of tef. Accessions from E. curvula and E. pilosa can be differentiated by a single selected primer. In spite of low polymorphism within tef, accessions under study could
be distinguished by a combination of selected primers. Cluster analysis indicated that tef is a very closely related species
to E. pilosa with 45%similarity, supporting the hypothesis that tef originated from E. pilosa based on morphological data. Given that RAPD are relatively quick, simple to use, and are not subjected to environmental
influences, they provide a valuable new approach for the genetic fingerprinting and study of genetic diversity in tef.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Fifty cassava clones were studied using RAPD technique. They included landraces from the Wenchi, Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkoro
and Asonafo districts of the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana and three improved varieties. Genetic diversity of these genotypes
was studied using four primers, OPK-01, OPR-02, OPR-09 and OPJ-14. A total of 41 different bands were detected. Levels of
polymorphic fragments detected by the four primers ranged from 90% to 100%. By pooling bands from individual accessions together,
mean number of fragments per accession per primer ranged from 5.50±1.04 for the Improved cultivars to 7.00±0.71 for populations
of landraces from Dormaa. Mean frequencies of fragments not detected by the primers for the accessions were 0.524±0.12, 0.460±0.12,
0.561±0.12 and 0.523±0.12 for landraces from Wenchi, Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkro, Asonafo and the Improved varieties, respectively.
The grand mean frequency of individuals showing fragments not present in populations was 0.522±0.10. Genetic diversity estimates
ranged from 0.290 to 0.425 (mean 0.352±0.05) for primer OPK-01, 0.001 to 0.381 (mean 0.309±0.06) for primer OPR-02, 0.335
to 0.344 (mean 0.283±0.04) for primer OPR-09 and 0.152 to 0.352 (mean 0.261±0.07) for primer OPJ-14. Within the accessions
mean gene diversity estimates were 0.316±0.03, 0.293±0.09, 0.331±0.02, 0.322±0.07 and 0.247±0.03 for accessions from Wenchi,
Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkro, Asonafo districts and the Improved varieties, respectively. Interpopulational genetic divergence
ranged from 0.069 to 0.203 (mean 0.119±0.04). Rate of nucleotide substitution among the landraces was 9.8 per cent per site
per year, while that for the Improved varieties was 15 per cent.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
19.
普通菜豆抗炭疽病基因SCAR标记鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用12个菜豆品种（鉴别寄主）评价了7个抗炭疽病基因SCAR标记的可靠性和实用性,其中SBB141150/1050标记引物扩增没有特异性,SAS13950没有扩增带。用5个可靠的菜豆抗炭疽病基因SCAR标记（SCAreoli1000、SH181100、SAB3400、SB12350 和SCF101072）,对127份普通菜豆抗炭疽病品种进行抗炭疽病基因分子标记鉴定,82份未检测到SCAR标记,45份分别含有1~3个SCAR标记;检测到SCAR标记的资源中,13份含有SCAreoli1000标记,13份含有SH181100标记,5份含有SAB3400标记,9份含有SB12350标记,11份含有SCF101072标记。分析表明抗病品种含有的抗病基因标记与品种来源存在相关性。 相似文献
20.
利用1D-SDS-PAGE分离了261份青藏高原农家青稞的淀粉颗粒结合蛋白,旨在为青藏高原青稞淀粉品质改良和淀粉颗粒结合蛋白机制研究提供依据和基础信息。在分子量45~100 kD区域共有20种多态性蛋白条带和78种组合带型,其中2、3、5、10、11为新条带。利用PCR技术克隆了236份农家青稞GBSSI基因5′前导序列,出现1 000 bp和800 bp的多态性片段,且以前者为主,其频率为80.1%。在8份农家青稞及4份引进的低直链淀粉材料的GBSSI基因5′前导序列中共检测到32个多态性位点,包括9个InDel和23个SNP。GBSSI基因5′前导序列中出现了特有的序列差异,如未出现600 bp类型(约400 bp的特异缺失),而该缺失被认为是低直连淀粉大麦形成的原因;材料yf127、yf70、011Z1396和09Z586出现了特异点突变。因此认为,青藏高原农家青稞品种的淀粉颗粒结合蛋白具有丰富的多态性和独特性,可能存在新的形成机制。 相似文献