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使用4种杀菌剂不同剂量处理防治莴苣霜霉病田间药效试验,结果显示:4种杀菌剂对莴苣霜霉病均有一定的防治效果,且每种杀菌剂的防效随用药量增大而提高。试验药剂1%申嗪霉素SC 18 g/ha、80%代森锰锌WP 3 000 g/ha防效与对照药剂80%烯酰吗啉WP 300 g/ha防效相当;试验药剂30%吡唑醚菌酯EW 99 g/ha的防效略低于对照药剂80%烯酰吗啉WP的防效,但无显著差异;试验药剂20%霜脲氰SC 3个处理的防效均极显著低于对照药剂80%烯酰吗啉WP的防效。根据试验结果,试验药剂20%霜脲氰SC在试验中防效偏低,不作为田间防治莴苣霜霉病的推荐药剂,另外3种试验药剂1%申嗪霉素SC、80%代森锰锌WP、30%吡唑醚菌酯EW在试验过程中表现出较好的防治效果,可作为田间防治莴苣霜霉病的药剂轮换使用。推荐使用有效成分用量为1%申嗪霉素SC 15～18 g/ha、80%代森锰锌WP 2 400～3 000 g/ha、30%吡唑醚菌酯EW 99 g/ha。在发病前或发病初期开始喷雾,7～10 d后进行下一次施药,连续防治2～3次。用药液量750 L/ha,均匀喷雾于莴苣叶片正反面。 相似文献
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咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑等三种药剂复配对马铃薯早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）的联合毒力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法测定咯菌腈分别与丁香菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯或苯醚甲环唑3种药剂复配对马铃薯早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的联合毒力,以Wadley公式评价咯菌腈与其他3种药剂复配对抑制早疫病菌菌丝生长是否有增效作用。通过田间试验验证咯菌腈与其他药剂有增效作用的桶混产品对马铃薯早疫病的防治效果。结果表明,咯菌腈与上述3种药剂按9种配比混合均无拮抗作用(增效系数均大于0.5),咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑以5∶1复配有明显的增效作用(增效系数SR 2.02),与丁香菌酯或吡唑醚菌酯的9种配比混合物有加和作用(SR介于0.5与1.5之间)。在田间咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑以5∶1桶混,并以105g/hm2的剂量施用,防效可达85%以上、增产率40%以上,显著高于同浓度单剂的防效和增产率。 相似文献
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为筛选适用于小麦叶锈病防治的化学药剂,本研究选取吡唑醚菌酯和氟环唑及二者不同比例复配组合,采用喷雾接种法,测定了吡唑醚菌酯和氟环唑单剂及其不同复配比例在作为保护剂使用时对小麦叶锈病的室内防治效果,并测定了室内筛选确定的最佳比例复配药剂对小麦的安全性及对小麦叶锈病的田间防治效果。室内防效试验显示：吡唑醚菌酯、氟环唑及二者不同比例复配对小麦叶锈病病斑扩展有强烈的抑制作用,其中吡唑醚菌酯的抑制作用更强,其EC50值为0.01μg/mL。联合毒力评价表明：所有复配组合均表现出协同相加作用,吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑质量比50∶133复配时增效系数(SR)最大,为1.50。室内及田间防治试验表明：在所设浓度梯度范围内,防效与浓度呈正相关;在有效成分120 g/hm2剂量下,26%吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬浮剂(SC)的田间防效为85.12%,优于各自单剂处理。安全性评价结果显示：所有处理均能保证不同品种小麦正常生长,未发生药害现象。研究表明,吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑复配对小麦叶锈病有很好的防治效果,可为生产上防治小麦叶锈病和科学用药提供理论依据。 相似文献
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吡唑醚菌酯与代森锰锌对两种果树病原菌的联合毒力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确吡唑醚菌酯与代森锰锌混配对荔枝霜疫霉病菌(Peronophythora litchii)和香蕉尾孢叶斑病菌(Pseudocercospora musae)的联合毒力,分别采用菌丝生长速率法、菌丝干重法测定了吡唑醚菌酯、代森锰锌及其不同配比混剂对荔枝霜疫霉病菌和香蕉尾孢叶斑病菌的毒力。结果表明:吡唑醚菌酯与代森锰锌质量比为1.35∶35的混剂对荔枝霜疫霉病菌表现为相加作用,增效系数为1.286 3;吡唑醚菌酯与代森锰锌质量比为8∶66、6∶77和4∶88的混剂对香蕉尾孢叶斑病菌同样表现出较好的相加作用,增效系数分别为1.299 9、1.378 0和1.390 7;综合考虑混配经济效益和降低病原菌对吡唑醚菌酯产生抗性风险等因素,吡唑醚菌酯与代森锰锌以质量比1.35∶35~8∶66进行混配较为合理。 相似文献
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为探索喷雾助剂对药液物理性状的影响及防治木瓜秀粉蚧的增效作用,室内条件下研究了添加5种喷雾助剂[芦荟精油、有机硅助剂silwet408、渗透剂JFC-2、氮酮和增效醚(PBO)]对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油表面张力、扩展直径以及最大持留量的影响,并测定了添加喷雾助剂对2种供试药剂防治木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus的增效作用。结果表明:5种助剂均能显著降低药液的表面张力、增大扩展直径并提高药液持留量;室内毒力测定结果表明,5种助剂对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油的毒力具有不同程度的增效作用,增效比分别达5.1%～26.1%和22.7%～41.8%,其中JFC-2和PBO的增效作用较为明显。田间试验结果表明,JFC-2和PBO可提高2种供试药液对木瓜秀粉蚧的田间防效,尤其对高浓度药液的增效作用更为明显,其中JFC-2对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂防效的增效比在10.3%～24.6%之间,增效醚对15%哒螨灵乳油防效的增效比在12.1%～28.9%之间。 相似文献
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苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯混合物对炭疽病菌的联合毒力及药效 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了明确苯醚甲环唑与吡唑醚菌酯混合物对胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）的毒力增效作用,本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯及其不同比例混合物对炭疽病菌的毒力,并通过田间试验评价了其对炭疽病的防治效果和产量的影响。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑与吡唑醚菌酯质量比为2∶1的混合物对抑制菌丝生长增效最为明显,增效系数为2.41。在田间药效试验中,2种药剂2∶1混用对祁山药炭疽病的防效明显,增产率为45.02%。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2021,(6)
为筛选适用于防治茭白锈病的杀菌剂,选择10种杀菌剂开展田间防病试验,调查各处理区的病情指数,测定茭白商品性,评价供试杀菌剂防治锈病的效果及对茭白的安全性。结果表明,嘧菌酯、戊唑醇、三唑酮在试验设计浓度下对茭白造成了药害,引起植株矮缩、不孕茭、维管束变色、生长点坏死,严重影响茭白产量,其他7种杀菌剂未对茭白产生不良影响。在7个对茭白安全的药剂处理中,吡唑醚菌酯第2次药后7d防效为80.72%,显著高于其他处理;萎锈灵、苯醚甲还唑、烯唑醇、粉唑醇第2次药后7d防效均在60%上下,彼此间无显著性差异;咪鲜胺、代森锰锌第2次药后7 d防效相对较差;至第2次药后14 d,各处理防效均有所下降,高低差异与第2次药后7 d时近似。 相似文献
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采用菌丝生长速率法测定了闽南地区4个薏米产区72株薏米叶斑病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性,并通过室内盆栽试验测试了吡唑醚菌酯对薏米叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明:吡唑醚菌酯对供试菌株的EC50值范围为1.11~5.06 μg/mL,平均值为 (3.44 ± 0.98) μg/mL,且其EC50值频率分布为连续单峰曲线,符合正态分布,因此可将该EC50平均值作为闽南地区薏米叶斑病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线。盆栽防效结果表明,喷施有效剂量为250 μg/mL的25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油对薏米叶斑病的防治效果 (78.2%~79.7%) 较好,与喷施有效剂量为500 μg/mL的50%异菌脲悬浮剂的防治效果相当,显著高于喷施有效剂量为800 μg/mL的80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的防治效果。本研究结果为薏米叶斑病化学防治有效药剂的选择与合理使用提供了依据。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Gray leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis, causes considerable yield losses in hybrid maize grown in the north-central United States and elsewhere. Nonchemical management tactics have not adequately prevented these losses. The probability of profitably using fungicide application as a management tool for gray leaf spot was evaluated in 10 field experiments under conditions of natural inoculum in Iowa. Gray leaf spot severity in untreated control plots ranged from 2.6 to 72.8% for the ear leaf and from 3.0 to 7.7 (1 to 9 scale) for whole-plot ratings. In each experiment, fungicide applications with propiconazole or mancozeb significantly reduced gray leaf spot severity. Fungicide treatment significantly (P 相似文献
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为明确纳米杀菌剂的减量增效作用,本研究采用2种喷施方法,以水敏纸为雾滴沉积指示剂, 分析植保无人飞机和背负式电动喷雾器喷施15%苯甲·吡唑酯微乳剂(ME)和25%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂(SC)两种不同剂型杀菌剂的雾滴密度及雾滴覆盖率,调查并计算苹果病叶率、病情指数、防治效果和综合效益。结果表明,植保无人飞机飞行高度影响雾滴密度和覆盖率,纳米农药15%苯甲·吡唑酯ME的雾滴密度和覆盖率与25%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂(SC)的雾滴密度和覆盖率有差异。各杀菌剂处理对苹果锈病的防效最好,防治效果均在97%以上,对苹果黑星病的防治效果次之,末次药后15 d的防治效果均在90%以上,对苹果斑点落叶病有效,末次药后15 d的防治效果均在50%以上。植保无人飞机喷施纳米杀菌剂15%苯甲·吡唑酯ME在防治成本、时效性和节能上均明显优于背负式电动喷雾器。因此,采用植保无人飞机喷施纳米杀菌剂15%苯甲·吡唑酯ME可有效防治苹果黑星病和苹果锈病,同时实现杀菌剂减量,综合效益较高。 相似文献
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吡唑醚菌酯·二氰蒽醌对香蕉采后炭疽病的防治效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选防治香蕉采后炭疽病的新型防腐保鲜药剂,2015年和2016年连续两年进行了复配药剂32%吡唑醚菌酯·二氰蒽醌水分散粒剂防治香蕉炭疽病的采后保鲜试验,对该药剂防治香蕉炭疽病的效果及安全性进行了评价。试验结果表明:32%吡唑醚菌酯·二氰蒽醌水分散粒剂有效成分用量640 mg/kg对香蕉炭疽病具有较好的防治效果,2015年药剂处理后12 d的防治效果为81.80%,2016年药剂处理后6 d的防治效果为83.36%,显著优于对照药剂22.7%二氰蒽醌悬浮剂500 mg/kg处理,与对照药剂250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油500 mg/kg的处理防效相当。32%吡唑醚菌酯·二氰蒽醌水分散粒剂对香蕉果实安全,蕉果催熟后,果实颜色金黄,风味正常,值得推广应用于香蕉果实的采后保鲜贮运。 相似文献
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5种杀菌剂对青贮玉米3种病害的田间防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效防治青贮玉米Zea mays Linn.锈病、小斑病和大斑病, 筛选出低毒、无公害的高效防治杀菌剂, 选用哈茨木霉水分散粒剂(1亿cfu/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(1 000亿孢子/g)、37%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂5种杀菌剂进行田间药效试验。结果表明, 1亿cfu/g哈茨木霉WG对青贮玉米3种病害的田间防效最优, 37%苯醚甲环唑WG对小斑病的防效最好, 15%三唑酮WP对锈病的防效最理想, 80%代森锰锌WP对大斑病的防效最优。 相似文献
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André Costa da Silva Paulo Estev?o de Souza José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto Bruno Marques da Silva Douglas Carvalho Amaral Eudes de Arruda Carvalho 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(4):865-871
The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of essential oils as a preventive treatment to control Asian soybean rust. Initially the fungitoxic effect of the essential oils of Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea was tested on the urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, through in vitro tests. The in vivo test was set up in a greenhouse, using cultivar MGBR-46. The treatments consisted of the three oils at different concentrations, a fungicide based on pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole and a control. To verify the potential of the essential oils in preventive treatment, inoculation was conducted at 0, 6, 12 and 24?h intervals, after application of the treatments. All treatments inhibited 100% of Phakopsora pachyrhizi germination. In the in vivo test, it was observed that all of the oils were efficient in controlling soybean rust, by preventive treatment, mainly at the higher concentrations. Efficiency of the oils was reduced with the increase of the interval between the application of the treatments and the onset of the pathogen. The essential oils, at the tested dosages, were not as efficient as the pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole based fungicide. 相似文献
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防治玉米叶斑病高效药剂筛选及药剂减施增效技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效防治玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病并减少化学农药使用量,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法从11种杀菌剂中选取抑菌效果较好的8种药剂进行田间小区药效试验。同时选取对两种叶部病害兼具防效的最佳药剂再与中量元素水溶肥、腐植酸、氨基寡糖素、芸苔素内酯等产品混配开展田间药效试验,确定该药剂田间施用浓度和增效组合。结果显示,各供试药剂对2种病菌菌丝生长具有不同的抑制作用,其中25%丙环唑EC、25%戊唑醇WP、40%氟硅唑EC、30%氟菌唑WP、12.5%烯唑醇WP在供试各浓度下对2种病菌抑制率均为100%,田间小区药效筛选测定中,25%戊唑醇WP防治效果最好,对玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病两种叶部病害防效分别为81.07%和72.22%。田间试验中,25%戊唑醇WP防治玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病的最佳施用浓度为2 000倍液,防效分别为59.48%和53.96%。在减量50%情况下防效有所下降,配施氨基寡糖素后,防效可提高37.40百分点和22.98百分点,与最佳施用浓度防效相当,达到了减药增效的作用。 相似文献
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Abstract Several chemicals including the strobilurins (trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and DPX KZ 165), a plant activator (acibenzolar), the triazoles (propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole and JAU 6475) and tridemorph, spiroxamine, pyrimethanil, fenarimol and various formulations of mancozeb were evaluated in three field experiments in northern Queensland, Australia for control of yellow Sigatoka of banana (caused by Mycosphaerella musicola). In all experiments, the strobilurins used alone or in spray programs with mancozeb and acibenzolar were as effective or better than the industry standards mancozeb and propiconazole. Acibenzolar used in spray programs with mancozeb significantly improved the control of Sigatoka compared to mancozeb alone. The triazoles, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole and JAU 6476 used alone and tebuconazole in a spray program with mancozeb were as effective as the industry standard propiconazole. Tridemorph, pyrimethanil and spiroxamine were as effective as the industry standard mancozeb, and fenarimol failed to effectively control the disease. In 2004, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole were registered for control of yellow Sigatoka of banana. 相似文献
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The effects of seven adjuvants (at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g litre?1) on the efficacies of four fungicides al 0.5 g litre?1 were studied in the laboratory for the control of leaf-spot in celery (caused by Septoria apiicola) and powdery mildew on winter wheat (caused by Erysiphe graminis). The most effective fungicides for controlling leaf-spot were: tebuconazole + triadimenol = flutriafol > mancozeb + oxadixyl > prochloraz. However, addition of adjuvant to the fungicides gave a modified pattern of effectiveness. The efficacy of flutriafol was strongly enhanced by addition of all adjuvants, but those of prochloraz and mancozeb+oxadixyl only partially so. The tested adjuvants were mineral oil + surfactant, a polymer/alkoxylated alkyl ether blend, an ethoxylated alkylphenol, an ethoxylated hexitan ester blend, an ethoxylated nonylphenol and an alkylpolysaccharide- based adjuvant mixture. However, the addition of adjuvants to tebuconazole + triadimenol had a negative effect. Of all the adjuvants tested, the nonylphenol ethoxylate and a mixture of mineral oil /surfactant and alkylpolysaccharides gave the highest efficacy with the fungicides, while the mineral oil/surfactant and the alkylpolysaccharides alone were less effective. There was a positive relationship between high concentrations of adjuvants and their effectiveness, but there were some exceptions. The most effective fungicides for control of powdery mildew in wheat were prochloraz, mancozeb + oxadixyl and tebuconazole + triadimenol. There was a linear relationship between the high efficacy of the fungicide and the concentration of adjuvants to control powdery mildew in wheat. The highest concentration of adjuvant (2-0 g litre?1) gave the highest efficacy for the fungicides. 相似文献