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1.
一株具有诱导抗性木霉菌株的筛选及其对黄瓜灰霉病诱导抗性的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从植物根部土壤中分离到一株能够诱导黄瓜产生系统抗性的木霉Tr-92,通过形态观察和18SrDNA序列分析对其进行了分类学鉴定,并进行了诱导黄瓜产生系统抗性能力的初步研究.结果表明,菌株Tr-92的菌落形态和显微形态与木霉一致,18SrDNA序列与哈茨木霉的相似性为99％,初步鉴定为哈茨木霉.利用该菌株孢子悬浮液对5叶期黄瓜苗进行根部诱导接种,24 h后灰霉病菌挑战接种,对灰霉病的防效达56％,叶片中抗性相关酶过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、β-1,3葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶的酶活性显著上升.表明该菌在黄瓜根部灌施可以诱导叶部系统抗性相关酶的活性升高,可为植物病害的生物防治提供适宜的菌种资源. 相似文献
2.
拮抗内生细菌B20-006菌株对玉米主要防御酶系的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
笔者通过对玉米纹枯病拮抗内生细菌筛选研究发现,利用拮抗内生细菌B20-006进行种子包衣处理,对玉米纹枯病的防效最高达67．9％。同时通过抗利福平B20-006突变菌株回接再分离及利用免疫胶体金银染色技术证明,B20-006菌株可通过根系侵人,具有沿维管束进行转运的能力。为进一步明确其生防机理,本文系统研究了B20—006菌株与宿主玉米相互作用过程中主要防御酶系苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶及酯酶等的比活性变化。 相似文献
3.
本文探讨了来源于同一出发菌株木霉T21的不同木霉REMI突变株的主要生防酶活性的改变及其基因部分序列的差异,利用生化技术测定了木霉几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶酶活性,并对这两种酶的基因部分序列进行了分析.结果表明,木霉REMI突变株几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性变化较大;相对于出发菌株T21,菌株Ttrm68和Ttrm31酶活性极显著高于出发菌株T21,而Ttrm94则极显著低于T21.采用简并引物克隆几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的部分序列,发现菌株Ttrm68、Ttrm31在几丁质酶基因中插入了GGTATCGATATCGAC片段,菌株Ttrm94在β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因中插入了GTC片段. 相似文献
4.
壳寡糖和钕复合处理诱导黄瓜对枯萎病的抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以"津研四号"黄瓜为试材,研究了壳寡糖和钕Nd3+对黄瓜幼苗的诱导抗病性及对枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明,50 mg/L壳寡糖和10 mg/L Nd3+复合处理的相对防效达74.7%,比50 mg/L壳寡糖和10 mg/L Nd3+的单独处理分别提高22.0%和43.8%。分析比较壳寡糖和Nd3+单独和复合处理黄瓜幼苗后,黄瓜根部防御反应相关酶系苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)比活性的变化趋势,发现壳寡糖和Nd3+复合处理黄瓜植株根部PAL、POD、PPO和GLU等防御酶活性呈上升趋势。研究表明,壳寡糖和Nd3+复合处理能诱导黄瓜幼苗对枯萎病的抗性,且诱导黄瓜抗病性的产生与激活黄瓜相关防御酶的活性有关。 相似文献
5.
6.
深绿木霉发酵液对黑麦草促生作用及生理生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过种子萌发和幼苗盆栽试验研究了不同稀释倍数深绿木霉发酵液对黑麦草促生作用及生理生化特性的影响。室内试验结果表明,不同稀释倍数深绿木霉发酵液能够显著提高黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,尤其是100倍稀释液对黑麦草种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数的影响较为明显,分别为96.55%、37.41和7.83。盆栽试验结果表明,不同稀释倍数深绿木霉发酵液对黑麦草幼苗的生长具有明显的促生作用,以及能够显著地提高幼苗叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量和与抗性相关酶的活性,尤其是100倍稀释液处理的黑麦草幼苗根系长度、株高、鲜重、干重和根冠比的相对增长率分别为16.95%、13.33%、40.57%、73.68%和36.36%;叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的相对增长率分别为8
4.09%和75.50%;多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均显著高于对照,且多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性在处理后第四天达到最大值,过氧化物酶活性在处理后第三天达到最大值。因此,深绿木霉发酵液对黑麦草的生长具有显著的促生作用,且能够显著提高与抗性相关酶的活性。 相似文献
7.
8.
试验于2021年5—8月，采用筛选出的对向日葵菌核病菌有较好拮抗作用的棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 581,通过盆栽试验，测定不同施用浓度对向日葵幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性以及对向日葵菌核病防效的影响。结果显示：T.asperellum 581不同施用浓度均能提高对向日葵菌核病的防效，以T3(即木霉菌处理浓度为1×105个·mL-1)应用效果最好，对向日葵菌核病的防效达到98.77%。与CK1(即只利用向日葵菌核病菌灌根且不施用木霉悬浮液)相比，T.asperellum 581不同施用浓度均能提高向日葵幼苗株高、茎粗、全株鲜质量和根冠比，以T3处理对向日葵幼苗形态建成和物质积累的促进效果最好，株高、茎粗、全株鲜质量、全株干质量、根冠比和壮苗指数分别比CK1提高64.71%、193.55%、99.15%、188.24%、50.00%、416.67%;T.asperellum 581不同施用浓度均能提高向日葵幼苗叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、抗坏血酸过氧化... 相似文献
9.
采用分光光度和盆栽方法,分别测定长枝木霉菌T115D对大豆叶片防御酶活性的影响及大豆疫病的防治效果。结果表明,菌株T115D发酵液的不同处理均可诱导大豆叶片PAL、POD、PPO、SOD和CAT的活性增强,并且比单独接种疫霉菌处理的酶活持续时间长、峰值高;提前接种木霉有孢子发酵液后,第2 d再挑战接种大豆疫霉菌的处理诱导效果最好,PAL、POD、PPO和CAT 4种酶的活性在处理后第5 d达到最大值,分别是Petri培养液对照处理的2.5、6.6、4.8和3.5倍。菌株T115D发酵液不同处理均可降低大豆疫病的发生。发酵液喷雾处理中,提前1 d接有孢子发酵液,第2 d接大豆疫霉菌处理的防效最好,其防效为73.3%,显著高于其他处理;发酵液灌根处理中发酵液和疫霉菌同时灌根处理的防效最好,其防效为51.8%,显著高于其他处理。菌株T115D发酵液不同接种量对大豆疫病的防治效果,以接有孢子的发酵液15 mL最高,防效为达70.9%。 相似文献
10.
补骨脂粗提物处理两叶一心生长期的黄瓜幼苗,研究其诱导黄瓜抗病性的生理生化机制。补骨脂提取物在40和400mg/L浓度下,黄瓜体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶等一些防御酶活性均在处理后7～9d达最高;几丁质酶活性在处理后2、3d时达到高峰,分别是对照的1.64、1.5倍,然后逐渐下降,分别在7、9d基本回到对照水平;β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性在处理后2、5d达到最大值,酶活性是对照的2.02、1.34倍,然后迅速下降,处理后分别在5、9d基本回到对照水平。从所测定的几种酶活性变化时间来看,补骨脂提取物处理黄瓜幼苗后,首先使黄瓜体内的几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等病程相关蛋白活性升高,然后在两者的作用下,诱导了黄瓜体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等一些防御酶活性的提高。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献