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1.
长吻Wei人工催产及脑垂体促性腺激素细胞的超微结构的变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对催产和未催产的长吻Ｗｅ８脑垂体中腺垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞（ＧＴＨ细胞）的分泌活动分析,证实了用促黄体素释放激素类似物（ＬＲＨ－Ａ）５０μｇ／ｋｇ加ＤＯＭ５ｍｇ／ｋｇ混合注射催产物吻Ｗｅｉ,能有效地促使ＧＴＨ细胞分泌促性细胞激素,诱导卵母细胞成熟和排卵,催产效果显著,超微结构的进一步观察,揭示了长吻Ｗｅｉ脑垂体ＧＴＨ细胞中存在两种分泌颗粒,即分泌小球,直径１２００－２０００ｎｍ,电子密度低;分 相似文献
2.
长吻鮠脑垂体的组织学观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用Azan、PAS-MB、AF以及H．E染色方法，时长吻鮠脑垂体的形态组织结构和注射催产激素前后的GTH分泌细胞分别进行了观察研究。结果表明。长吻鮠脑垂体由腺垂体和神经垂体构成。神经垂体较简单,腺垂体结构较复杂，明显分为前腺垂体（RPD）、中腺垂体（PPD）和后腺垂体（PI）。腺垂体内可鉴别出7种激素分泌细胞，其中RPD内2种：为促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）分泌细胞和催乳激素（PROL）分泌细胞；PPD内3种：为生长激素（GH）分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌细胞、促性腺激素（GTH）分泌细胞；PI内有2种：为促黑色素激素（MSH）分泌细胞和1种嫌色细胞。 相似文献
3.
鱼类芳香化酶活性研究的进展 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
鱼类的生殖活动受外部环境因素和神经内分泌的双重调节。下丘脑、脑垂体和性腺通过相互调节 ,促进和制约着鱼类生殖细胞的发生、性别分化和性腺发育成熟及其繁殖活动。如下丘脑产生促性腺激素释放激素 (ＧｎＲＨ)可刺激脑垂体分泌促性腺激素 (ＧｔＨ)作用于性腺 ,促使性腺组织产生类固醇激素直接作用于生殖细胞 ,引起生殖细胞发育成熟和排卵。同时 ,类固醇激素也会反馈抑制ＧｎＲＨ和ＧｔＨ的分泌。在类固醇激素的代谢过程中 ,需要多种酶参与催化 ,其中一种酶称为芳香化酶 (ａｒｏｍａｔａｓｅ) ,在其中起着关键的作用。许多研究表明 ,芳香… 相似文献
4.
采用组织学方法和透射电镜技术对性周期内不同阶段和不同季节的雌性长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)脑垂体的超微结构进行较详细的研究，结果表明：长吻鮠脑垂体包括腺垂体和神经垂体两个部分，腺垂体组织中有6种分泌细胞，即促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞、生长激素(STH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞、促黑色素细胞刺激激素(MSH)分泌细胞、催乳激素(PRL)分泌细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞。神经垂体组织中存在A型(A1、T2)和B型神经分泌纤维，A型分泌纤维轴突中具有不同类型的分泌颗粒，B型分泌纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。产卵前GTH细胞胞质中充满了电子密度较高的大、小两种分泌颗粒；TSH细胞胞质中分泌颗粒排空，电子密度降低，出现大空泡；STH细胞处于活跃的合成和分泌状态；MSH细胞粗面内质网相当发达，成层围核分布，分泌颗粒极少；PRL细胞电子密度高，具圆球形被膜的分泌颗粒；ACTH细胞分泌物颗粒数量少。产卵后GTH细胞中的分泌颗粒排空；TSH细胞出现空泡；STH细胞中的粗面内质网围核环状排列；MSH细胞分泌颗粒多但比较小，粗面内质网呈扁状或网状；PRL细胞分泌颗粒极少，分布不均匀；ACTH细胞内质网近核分布。秋季GTH细胞中发现GTH1和GTH2两种细胞，GTH1细胞具有大量围核分布的分泌颗粒，GTH2细胞胞质中分泌颗粒数量较少；STH细胞胞质中粗面内质网极发达，围核分布，线粒体数量增加；TSH细胞内质网膨大成泡状；MSH细胞有明显的双核结构，其中一核具核仁，胞质内分泌颗粒较产后增多；PRL细胞具有呈不均匀分布的圆球形分泌颗粒；ACTH细胞线粒体与内质网围核分布，分泌颗粒较少，不均匀分布于细胞质中。冬季GTH细胞内有少量分泌颗粒散布在核周围；TSH细胞含有较多的小型分泌颗粒，胞核外周有大量长条形的粗面内质网；STH细胞中分泌颗粒数量较少，合成和分泌活动微弱；MSH细胞粗面内质网呈泡化状，绕核排列；PRL细胞、ACTH细胞和秋季时的超微结构无明显差异。神经垂体中的分泌纤维各阶段也有一定的变化，产前阶段具有较多球形的无被膜分泌颗粒，产后阶段分泌颗粒呈现排空，秋季部分可见到分泌颗粒，但数量相对较少，冬季变化不明显。 相似文献
5.
采用网箱养殖四年的红鳍东方豚经过颗粒状的促黄体生成激素释放素（ＬＨ－ＲＨ）的植埋,促使性腺成熟,再通过注射绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＨＣＧ）与大麻哈鱼脑垂体混合诱导排卵,采卵后进行人工授精,得到红鳍东方豚受精卵,孵化后得到红鳍东方豚仔鱼。 相似文献
6.
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用，而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用。本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究，将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次，每组共用6尾鱼，)：①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol，E2)处理；②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin—releasing hormone，GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理；③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone，MT)处理；④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理；采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀鮠脑垂体GTH分泌的影响。持续性的E2(1μmol／L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，而持续性的MT(1μmmol／L)处理能抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌，而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol／L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0．1μmol／L)对长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强。这些结果表明，在离体实验中，E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用，并且可能直接参与了长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH调节。 相似文献
7.
取越冬前期、越冬期、初春期及夏季高温期3龄雌性尼罗非鲫(Oreochromisnilotica),对其腺垂体中外侧部的超微结构进行观察分析。其中外侧部主要由生长激素(GH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞和促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞所组成。对脑垂体结构的年周期观察结果表明,在卵黄发生期和成熟期阶段,GH细胞处于活跃状态;产卵期间,TSH细胞与GTH细胞显示了同步的高度活跃,TSH分泌可直接促进排卵活动。并讨论各类腺细胞的超微结构特征及分泌颗粒释放方式的特点。 相似文献
8.
<正> 近年来对鱼类生殖生理的研究已经证明:(1)鱼类脑垂体促性腺激素(GtH)的分泌活动既受到下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的促进,又受到下丘脑产生的促性腺激素释放的抑制因素(GRIF)的抑制。(2)下丘脑神经分泌细胞产生的多巴胺具有GRIF的作用,它既能直接抑制脑垂体GtH细胞的分泌活动,亦能抑制GnRH促进GtH的分泌作用。(3)多巴胺的拮抗物或合成抑制剂能消除多巴胺对鱼脑垂 相似文献
9.
鱼类脑垂体是水产养殖生产上广泛使用的有效催产剂,许多鲤科鱼类如鲤、鲫、鲢、鳙、草、青鱼等都可摘取脑垂体,摘取垂体时最好选择接近性成熟的鱼体,雌雄均可。 1.收集脑垂体的时间成熟鱼的垂体中,促性腺激素含量随性周期而有变化,一般收集垂体的时间,最好在冬季或临近生殖季节前进行,此时垂体中促性腺激素含量较高,干制品颗粒饱满。选择的鱼体应新鲜,或刚死但保持相当鲜度。 相似文献
10.
大黄鱼脑垂体组织学与免疫组织化学 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用组织学和免疫组织化学方法研究不同发育时期大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）脑垂体的形态结构和各种促激素分泌细胞的分布。结果表明：（1）大黄鱼脑垂体呈“鸡心“形,由神经垂体和腺垂体组成,腺垂体可分为前外侧部（RPD）、中外侧部（PPD）和垂体中间部（PI）。（2）RPD部有3种细胞,分别为催乳激素（PRL）细胞,促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）细胞,促性腺激素（GtH）细胞。（3）PPD部位于腺垂体腹面,也有3种细胞,其中1种为促生长激素（GH）分泌细胞,呈嗜酸性,另2种呈嗜碱性,分别为GtH细胞与促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌细胞。（4）垂体中间部有2种细胞,1种为促黑激素（MSH）细胞,呈嗜酸性,另1种为GtH细胞,呈嗜碱性。随性腺发育成熟,大黄鱼GtH细胞的分布从中外侧部扩展至前外侧部和中间部背面;GtH细胞胞质空泡可作为其分泌活动的标志。 相似文献
11.
Daisuke Shimizu Yuichiro Fujinami Sayumi Sawaguchi Takahiro Matsubara 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1245-1252
The objective of this study is to establish a method for acquiring large quantities of high-quality eggs for artificial fertilization from hatchery-reared broodstock of spotted halibut Verasper variegatus. We estimated the optimum conditions for implantation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) cholesterol pellet (LHRHa-CP) to induce ovulation from two experiments which focused on the dose and the timing combined with monitoring of oocyte development by ovarian cannulation. From the results of cannulation, vitellogenesis of hatchery-reared broodstock was suggested to occur normally, although final oocyte maturation was not initiated in the first clutch of oocytes. In late December, oocytes in the most advanced clutch still underwent vitellogenesis, having diameter of about 0.82?mm. LHRHa-CP implantation during this period had no remarkable effects, except for administration at high dose (100???g/kg). In contrast, in mid January, when oocyte diameter reached about 0.95?mm, ovulation occurred in most individuals, even at low dose (20???g/kg). In mid February atretic oocytes became remarkable and LHRHa-CP implantation showed much lower performance in terms of egg quality. The diameter of growing oocytes converged to about 0.95?mm, which was that of fully grown postvitellogenic oocytes. Thus, oocyte diameter is suggested to be an effective indicator to estimate the timing of LHRHa-CP implantation. 相似文献
12.
Mature northern pike were given various hormonal treatments in March or April in order to stimulate spermiation or to induce ovulation. In males the total amount of sperm collected after treatment increased, in comparison with saline-injected males, by 3–11 times with partially purified salmon gonadotropin (PPSG-activity: half of the highly purified s-GTH; injected at doses of between 5 and 100 μg/kg body weight); 3–6 times with crude carp pituitary extract (0.5–3 mg/kg body weight); and 3–7 times with fresh pike pituitaries (14 and 1.2 mg wet weight/kg body weight). The sperm obtained after hormonal treatment was of good quality. Intracardiac injection of superactive LRH analogue had no effect. In females, PPSG induced 90 and 100% ovulation at the doses of 50 and 25 μg/kg body weight. Dried salmon pituitaries (2.5 mg/kg, equivalent to 50 μg of PPSG) gave 25% ovulation; at 10 mg/kg, 25% complete ovulation was again recorded, but in addition 70% of the females showed oocyte maturation and partial ovulation. Similarly, dried carp pituitary (3 mg/kg) induced only oocyte maturation but no ovulation. The oocytes obtained after hormonal treatment were in general fertile. Intraperitoneal injection of LRH in an emulsified form induced neither oocyte maturation nor ovulation. The lack of effect of LRH analogue is discussed and shows that the use of this compound as a substitute for pituitary preparation is not very promising. 相似文献
13.
Female rainbow trout were exposed over their second reproductive cycle to a simulated natural photoperiod (control group) and to two accelerated photoperiod regimes (S9 and S6 groups). Early spawning was achieved in both accelerated groups, coupled, however, with a reduction of mean egg size. To investigate this reduction of egg size, circulating levels of GTHs and two indices of ovarian growth (gonadosomatic index and follicle diameter) were regularly measured in association with histological studies of structural changes in ovarian follicles. Regardless of the photoperiod regime, the seasonal profile of plasma GTH I levels appeared to be multiphasic. The successive transient elevations in GTH I levels appeared to be connected with the initiation of ovarian growth and vitellogenesis and also, with the synchronization of the late stages of maturation and ovulation. In contrast, the seasonal profile of plasma GTH II levels was monophasic, with a single peak at ovulation, confirming that GTH II is not associated with ovarian growth but promotes gamete maturation and release. Our results demonstrate that the reduction of egg size cannot be due to a deficient secretion of GTH I in plasma, since GTH I levels were much higher during vitellogenesis in both accelerated groups, but rather to an alteration of ovarian follicle growth during the late stages of vitellogenesis. Finally, the early and middle stages of ovarian growth appeared to be photosensitive periods, whereas the late stages were less so, and appeared to be controlled rather by an endogenous biological clock synchronized by the photoperiod. 相似文献
14.
Numerous studies with teleosts have addressed the regulation and mechanisms of oocyte maturation, but largely at the exclusion of ovulation. A smaller but still considerable number of studies have focused on ovulation, and ignored maturation. Consequently, little is known about the mechanistic linkages between these two events. New information is presented here indicating that luteinizing hormone regulates the acquisition not only of oocyte maturational competence, but also ovulatory competence. The thesis is presented that maturation and ovulation are closely integrated and overlapping events that are best viewed conceptually and experimentally as parts of a functional whole. 相似文献
15.
16.
The duality of teleost gonadotropins 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Hiroshi Kawauchi Kunimasa Suzuki Hiromichi Itoh Penny Swanson Nobuko Naito Yoshitaka Nagahama Masumi Nozaki Yasumitu Nakai Seiga Itoh 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):29-38
The duality of salmon gonadotropins has been proved by biochemical, biological, and immunological characterization of two
chemically distinc gonadotropins. GTH I and GTH II were equipotent in stimulating estradiol production, whereas GTH II appears
to be more potent in stimulating maturational steroid synthesis. The ratio of plasma levels and pituitary contents of GTHs
and the secretory control by a GnRH suggest that GTH I is the predominant GTH during vitellogenesis and early stages of spermatogenesis
in salmonids, whereas GTH II is predominant at the time of spermiation and ovulation. GTH I and GTH II are found in distinctly
separate cells. In trout, GTH I is expressed first in ontogeny, whereas GTH II cells appear coincident with the onset of spermatogenesis
and vitellogenesis, and increase dramatically at the time of final reproductive maturation. Comparison of the amino acid sequences
of polypeptides and the base sequences of cDNA revealed that salmon GTH I β is more similar to bovine FSHβ than bovine LHβ
and salmon GTH II β shows higher homology to bovine LHβ than to bovine FSHβ. The existence of two pituitary gonadotropins
in teleosts as well as tetrapods suggests that the divergence of the GTH gene took place earlier than the time of divergence
of teleosts from the main line of evolution leading to tetrapods. 相似文献
17.
Abstract. The African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell and Clarias anguillaris L., were induced to ovulate in aquaria by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and pituitary extracts of Clarias albopunctatus (Nichols & Lamonte) and frog, Rana elegans. For final maturation and ovulation in both species of Clarias , the total dosage of each hormone was inversely proportional to the initial oocyte diameters of the recipient females. The time of ovulation after the last injection (latent period) was significantly shorter (11–13h) in females with large oocyte diameters (>920μm) than in those whose mean oocyte diameters were less than 920 μm (13–16h) ( P < 0·05). The mean dosage of each test hormone required to induce ovulation was lower in females with large oocyte diameters than in those with smaller oocyte diameters (<920μm). The mean percentage hatch did not depend significantly on the nature of the treatment ( P > 0μ05) and was about 86%. Clarias albopunclatus and R. elegans , which are economically unimportant and abundant in Anambra River basin, Nigeria, could be used as effective sources of hypophyseal factors in Clarias breeding programmes. 相似文献
18.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1987,66(1):43-52
Body length, oocyte diameter, germinal vesicle position, in vitro oocyte maturation response to progesterone, and plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortocosteroids, and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-diOHP) were examined in white sturgeon females prior to their spawning induction and correlated with their subsequent ovulatory response. The relationship between broodfish size and ovulatory success was insignificant. Responsive females had larger oocytes and elevated plasma concentrations of corticosteroids and 17α,20β-diOHP, but did not differ significantly from nonresponsive females in progesterone concentrations. Germinal vesicle position and in vitro oocyte maturation response exhibited the closest relationships with ovulation, and can be used as practical predictors of ovulation for hormonally induced spawning of white sturgeon. 相似文献
19.
组织蛋白酶C是一种溶酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶,近年我们报道了组织蛋白酶C的表达与日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus) 卵母细胞最后成熟阶段密切相关,本研究对卵母细胞发育主要不同时相特别是卵母细胞最后生理成熟过程进行了连续观察,测定了组织蛋白酶C在卵母细胞发育过程中的比活性。结果表明,日本囊对虾卵母细胞发育可划分为9个时相,即卵原细胞时相、核仁时相、周边核仁时相、初级卵黄发生时相、次级卵黄发生时相、皮质棒早期时相、皮质棒中期时相、皮质棒晚期时相、排卵期时相,生发泡的破裂是在排卵之前就已经发生;免疫印迹实验结果显示组织蛋白酶C蛋白只在卵母细胞最后成熟阶段即皮质棒发生时期表达,但酶活性测定结果表明组织蛋白酶C比活力在即皮质棒发生前后没有变化,酶活性较低,以上数据提示组织蛋白酶C可能与受精时皮质棒的释放以及受精卵外胶膜的形成有关。 相似文献