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1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in catheterized dogs that had intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) or disease other than IVDD and compare bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results for catheterized and noncatheterized dogs with UTIs. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 147 catheterized dogs (105 with IVDD and 42 with other diseases) and 99 noncatheterized dogs with UTIs. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical problem, duration of urinary tract catheterization, administration of drugs, and urine bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results. RESULTS: Forty-two percent (44/105) of dogs with IVDD and 55% (23/42) of dogs with other diseases had UTIs; this difference was not significant. For catheterized dogs, the odds of UTI were increased by 20% for each year increase in age, 27% for each day increase in duration of catheterization, and 454% with antimicrobial administration. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp were more frequently isolated from noncatheterized dogs, whereas Enterobacter spp and Staphylococcus spp were more frequently isolated from catheterized dogs. There was no significant difference in frequency of 1, 2, or 3 isolates between groups. Proportions of antimicrobials to which the most frequently isolated bacteria were resistant were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that urinary tract catheterization is a reasonable alternative for management of dogs with urinary bladder dysfunction, but that duration of catheterization should be minimized and indiscriminate antimicrobial administration to dogs with indwelling urinary catheters should be avoided.  相似文献   

2.
Selected information was compiled from canine urinalyses and urine cultures conducted between January 1969 and December 1995. Eight thousand three hundred fifty-four microbial isolates (bacteria and fungi) included 4,873 isolates from females and 3,481 from males. Ten bacterial genera accounted for 96.3% of the urinary isolates, including Escherichia coli (44.1%), Staphylococcus spp. (11.6%), Proteus spp. (9.3%), Klebsiella spp. (9.1%), Enterococcus spp. (8.0%), and Streptococcus spp. (5.4%) as the 6 most common isolates in both genders of dogs. Among these 6 genera, female dogs were generally predisposed over males, although males had more urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella spp. Distributions of ages at UTI diagnosis tended to be similar between genders. Infection with a single microbial species was responsible for >72% of UTIs in both genders. Among females, 40 breeds and a mixed-breed group represented 90.2% of all positive urine cultures, 88.4% of the individual dogs with UTIs. and 88.2% of the microbial isolations. Among males, these same 41 breed groups represented 87.9% of all positive urine cultures, 87.6% of the individual dogs, and 88.2% of the microbial isolations.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in dogs with indwelling urinary catheters in an intensive care unit (ICU) and the frequency of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli UTIs in those dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: All dogs in the ICU with an indwelling urinary catheter from January 2003 through December 2003. PROCEDURES: Urine samples and rectal swab specimens were collected at admission and every 3 days until discharge from the hospital. Escherichia coli isolates from urine samples and rectal swab specimens and those from dogs that were temporally or spatially associated with dogs with MDR E coli UTIs underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed on MDR isolates from urine and rectal swab specimens. RESULTS: Urinary catheters were placed in 137 dogs. Twenty-six UTIs were diagnosed, 15 on the day of admission and 11 after 3 or more days of catheterization. Of 12 dogs with E coli UTIs, 6 were infected at admission and 6 acquired the infection in the ICU. Two MDR E coli UTIs were detected, 1 of which was acquired in the ICU. One MDR E coli urinary isolate had an electrophoresis pattern similar to that of rectal isolates from the same dog. Urinary E coli isolates were most frequently resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ICU-acquired MDR E coli UTI likely originated from the dog's intestinal flora during hospitalization. Dogs that have been referred from a community practice may have MDR E coli UTIs at the time of admission.  相似文献   

4.
Laboratory records of bacterial urine cultures from 383 dogs with recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections (UTI) diagnosed at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) between 1969 and 1995 were reviewed retrospectively to characterize the bacteria involved and their association with age, gender, and breed of dogs affected. Sixty-eight breeds and a mixed-breed group were represented. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate, although mixed-bacterial infections were seen in 58% of the female and 55% of the male dogs. Recurrent and persistent UTI were most prevalent in middle-aged to older German shepherd dogs, miniature/toy poodles, and Labrador retrievers, with no apparent sex predilection. Criteria fitting recurrent and persistent UTI were present in 0.3% of all dogs seen at the VMTH during this 26-year period.  相似文献   

5.
A new chemotherapeutic agent, pipemidic acid, was used to treat 14 dogs and 2 cats with recurrent urinary tract infection caused by multiresistent strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. Bacterial culture of the urine after treatment revealed disappearance of the microorganisms in all patients. It is concluded that pipemidic acid is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for urinary tract infections caused by multiresistant E. coli and Proteus spp., with the condition that bacterial culture during the course of treatment is obligatory.  相似文献   

6.
A retrospective study was performed of 100 dogs with persistent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or reinfections presenting to the North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1989 and 1999. Criteria for selection included > or = 2 positive urine cultures within a 6-month period. Signalment, presence of predisposing disorders, urinalysis and urine culture results, and treatment strategies were extracted from the medical records. Dogs were a median age of 7 years when the UTI was 1st diagnosed. Dogs younger than 3 and older than 10 years were at increased and decreased risks, respectively, for reinfections or persistent UTIs. Spayed females were more common in the UTI population. More than half of the dogs were asymptomatic for a UTI at 1st presentation. Urine sediment examinations identified hematuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria in 47, 72, and 85% of the samples, respectively. The most commonly isolated organisms were Escherichia coli and Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp.; multiple isolates also were common. Of the isolates, 29.5% were resistant to achievable serum concentrations of all antibiotics commonly prescribed for PO administration. Dogs with abnormal micturition were more likely to have infections by organisms resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Potentially predisposing disorders were identified in 71 dogs. A correction of these disorders was accomplished in 35% of these 71 dogs. Dogs given standard antibiotic therapy without addressing predisposing disorders experienced poor control of their UTIs; 74.5% of these dogs had an apparent disease-free interval (ADFI) of < 8 weeks. By comparison, dogs in which predisposing disorders were corrected or those that were treated with low-dose, long-term antibiotic regimens subjectively had better control.  相似文献   

7.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations for enrofloxacin were determined for 63 bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa or urinary tract infections. Development of resistant mutants was determined after exposing the isolates to enrofloxacin in vitro for up to five serial passages. Results indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus spp isolates exposed to enrofloxacin developed resistance rapidly, whereas Klebsiella, Proteus, and Streptococcus spp were less likely to develop resistance. Despite the presence of enrofloxacin pressure, no resistant bacteria developed in the Escherichia coli and staphylococcal isolates. In many isolates, susceptibility patterns changed from susceptible to intermediate.  相似文献   

8.
Polypoid cystitis is a rare disease of the urinary bladder in dogs characterized by inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and development of a polypoid mass or masses without histopathologic evidence of neoplasia. Medical records of 17 dogs with polypoid cystitis were reviewed to determine the clinical and laboratory features of this disorder and to assess treatment and outcome. Most affected dogs (15/17) were female and presented for evaluation of hematuria or recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Proteus spp were the most common bacterial isolates (12/52 or 23.1%) identified when all urine samples obtained for culture at any time during the course study were considered. Other commonly isolated organisms included Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus spp, and Enterococcus spp. Several dogs (7/17) also had cystic calculi at some time during the course of their disease. Most of the masses (11/14) were located cranioventrally in the bladder as opposed to transitional cell carcinoma, which has a predilection for the bladder neck or trigone area. It is unknown whether persistent or recurrent UTI predisposes to polyp formation or if polyps predispose to UTI. Surgery and removal of all polyps was the most efficacious treatment in dogs of this study. The question of whether or not polyps represent preneoplastic lesions remains unanswered and constitutes an area for future investigation.  相似文献   

9.
E. coli strains isolated from urine of dogs and cats with urinary tract infections (UTI) and from feces of healthy one's were serotyped, and the serotypes were correlated with uropathogenic virulence factors. The most prevalent O-serotypes, O4 and O6, were isolated from dogs and cats with UTI. In contrast, O11 and O102 strains were the most frequently found from feces of healthy dogs and cats. Most of type O4 and O6 strains possessed such virulence factors as pil, pap, sfa, hly, and cnf1, while most type O11 and O102 strains pil only or pil and aer. All strains of type O75 possessed afaI and aer. K1 antigen was negative in all strains obtained from UTI.  相似文献   

10.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of urinary tract disease and may be associated with systemic disease. Diagnosis cannot be made on urinalysis and other findings alone. A urine culture is the "gold standard" for diagnosis of UTI. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed as part of a urine culture aids in selection of appropriate treatment for patients with confirmed bacterial UTI.  相似文献   

11.
Gentamicin was administered parenterally for 6 days to 43 dogs with urinary tract infections. The daily dosage of 6.6 mg/kg (3 mg/lb) was divided into equal parts and given IM or SC at 8-hour intervals. Dogs selected for treatment with gentamicin had urinary infections that had not responded to treatment with other antimicrobial agents or had bacterial isolates from urine that were resistant to several antimicrobial agents on in vitro susceptibility tests. Response to treatment, defined as negative urine culture on the last day of therapy or 4 to 14 days after completion of the therapeutic course, included 20 of 22 (91%) infections caused by Escherichia coli, 8 of 9 (89%) infections caused by Kebsiella pneumoniae, 6 of 7 (86%) infections caused by Proteus spp, and 6 of 7 infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. These four species comprised 84% of the bacteria isolated from the dogs in this study.  相似文献   

12.
Trimethoprim, in combination with sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole was administered orally for 7 to 14 days to 84 dogs with urinary tract infections (UTI). The daily dosage of 26.4 mg/kg (12 mg/lb) was divided into 2 equal parts and administered at about 12-hour intervals. Response to treatment, based on negative urine culture during or after therapy, was 37 of 45 (82%) for UTI caused by Escherichia coli, 11 of 15 (73%) UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, 8 of 12 (67%) UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 of 6 (100%) UTI caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and 5 of 9 (56%) UTI caused by Streptococcus spp. These 5 species comprised 88% of the bacteria isolated from the dogs in this study.  相似文献   

13.
A retrospective study was performed to determine the proportion of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism or diabetes mellitus or both that had urinary tract infection (UTI) and to describe clinical and laboratory findings. Dogs with these endocrine disorders were included if results of quantitative urine culture were available and dogs were not receiving antimicrobials. Dogs with positive urine cultures were considered to have UTI and dogs with negative urine cultures were used as controls. Information including history, clinical signs, physical examination findings, and results of laboratory tests and urine culture was extracted from all records. Findings in dogs with UTI were compared with control dogs. There were 101 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism or diabetes mellitus or both that met inclusion criteria; 42 (41.6%) had UTI and 59 (58.4%) did not. UTI was present in 46% of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, 37% of dogs with diabetes mellitus, and 50% of dogs with both endocrine disorders. There was no association between endocrine group and occurrence of UTI. Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated, and cultures from 29 dogs (69%) showed growth of this organism. Of dogs with UTI, <5% had stranguria, pollakiuria, or discolored urine, whereas 60% had pyuria and 69% had bacteriuria. We conclude that UTIs are common in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, or both diseases. Clinical signs of UTI, however, are uncommon and results of urinalysis may be normal. Therefore, it is appropriate to recommend urine culture as part of the evaluation of dogs with these endocrine disorders.  相似文献   

14.
Thirty-five animals (23 dogs, 12 cats) with fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs) were retrospectively studied. Dysuria, hematuria, increased frequency of micturition, anorexia, depression, and pyrexia were the most common clinical signs noted. Seven species of fungi were identified in the affected animals. Candida albicans was the most common isolate. Most animals diagnosed with fungal UTI also had other concurrent urinary tract or medical problems. Lower urinary tract diseases, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia, and renal failure were the most common concurrent or preceding diseases identified. Resolution of fungal UTI occurred in 12 animals that received specific antifungal treatment.  相似文献   

15.
Pyometra (uterine inflammation with accumulation of pus in the uterus) is regarded as one of the most common illnesses in bitches. The ethiology and pathogenesis are complex with both hormonal and bacterial elements. The bacteria most frequently isolated from the uterine content is Escherichia coli.In this study, 84 E. coli strains from the uteri of 70 bitches suffering from the disease were examined and their DNA-profiles compared by restriction enzyme analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Through variations in DNA-profiles of the E. coli isolates, this study indicates that pyometra is caused by E. coli originating from the normal flora of the dogs and not by certain clones spread between animals.E. coli strains from the urinary bladder and the uterus of six of the bitches suffering from simultaneous urinary tract infection and pyometra were examined and compared as above. The DNA-profiles of the isolates from each of the six bitches were 100% identical. This study supports the theory suggesting that in cases of simultaneous urinary tract infection and E. coli pyometra, the urinary tract and uterus are infected with the same bacterial strain.To evaluate whether the uterus was infected with a single clone of E. coli or if multiple clones were present, eight to 16 colonies of E. coli isolated from pyometra samples from a further 10 bitches were examined. All bacterial colonies from the culture of the same bitch showed identical DNA-profiles.In 14 of the 70 bitches, two macroscopically different but biochemically identical E. coli colony types were isolated. The two colony types from the same bitch proved to have identical DNA-profiles in 13 cases and almost identical in the remaining bitch.  相似文献   

16.
A 3‐day course of oral enrofloxacin is effective for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs when administered 20 mg/kg Q24H. However, emergence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant mutants of uropathogens is a concern. Urine concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were measured in six healthy dogs following dose of enrofloxacin 20 mg/kg. Mutant prevention concentrations of Escherichia coli isolated from canine UTI were also determined against ciprofloxacin. Urine AUC(24)/MPC ratios considering ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged 3819–7767, indicating that selection of resistant E. coli mutants in dogs with uncomplicated UTIs is unlikely in the bladder given that an AUC(24)/MPC = 39 is considered to be protective against mutant selection for ciprofloxacin. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the effects of this enrofloxacin treatment protocol on bacteria that colonize anatomic sites where fluoroquinolones achieve lower concentrations compared to the urinary bladder.  相似文献   

17.
Summary

A new chemotherapeutic agent, pipemidic acid, was used to treat 14 dogs and 2 cats with recurrent urinary tract infection caused by multiresistent strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. Bacterial culture of the urine after treatment revealed disappearance of the microorganisms in all patients.

It is concluded that pipemidic acid is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for urinary tract infections caused by multiresistant E. coli and Proteus spp., with the condition that bacterial culture during the course of treatment is obligatory.

It is concluded that pipemidic acid is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for urinary tract infections caused by multiresistant E. coli and Proteus spp., with the condition that bacterial culture during the course of treatment is obligatory.  相似文献   

18.
Older cats with chronic renal failure (CRF) commonly develop urinary tract infections (UTI). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is identified as the causal agent of UTI in most affected cats. Infections are often complicated, and UPEC infections may persist or recur in these cats. Antibiotic sensitivity profiles have been used to distinguish relapsing or persisting UTI from reinfection by different clones of the same species. However, the accuracy with which antibiograms discriminate different urinary E coli clones in cats is uncertain. We studied 17 cystocentesis-derived UPEC isolates collected from 5 cats with stable CRF and multiple diagnoses of UTI. UTIs were classified as relapses versus persistent infections or reinfections using antibiograms determined by Kirby-Bauer discs and Etests. Subsequently, clonality of UPEC isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A comparison of PFGE results with antibiograms indicated that antibiotic resistance patterns varied considerably within several individual E coli clones. Both antibiotic susceptibility tests differentiated between relapsing or persistent infections and reinfections with only 58% overall efficiency. Thus, antibiotic sensitivity profiles cannot be relied upon to distinguish between persisting or relapsing infections as compared to reinfections in cats with CRF and multiple diagnoses of E coli UTI.  相似文献   

19.
Fifteen years (1984-1998) of records from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital were analyzed to determine whether antimicrobial drug resistance in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus, S. intermedius) isolated from clinical infections in dogs has increased, and whether there has been a change in the species of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in dogs. In coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp., a complex pattern showing both increases and decreases of resistance to different classes of antimicrobial drugs was observed, reflecting the changing use of different antimicrobial drug classes in the hospital over a similar period (1990-1999). In canine urinary tract infections identified from 1984 to 1998, an increase in the incidence of multiresistant Enterococcus spp. was apparent, with marginal increases also in incidence in Enterobacter spp. and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both of which, like Enterococcus spp., are innately antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. A survey of directors of veterinary teaching hospitals in Canada and the United States identified only 3 hospitals that had any policy on use of "last resort" antimicrobial drugs (amikacin, imipenem, vancomycin). Evidence is briefly reviewed that owners may be at risk when dogs are treated with antimicrobial drugs, as well as evidence that some resistant bacteria may be acquired by dogs as a result of antimicrobial drug use in agriculture. Based in part on gaps in our knowledge, recommendations are made on prudent use of antimicrobial drugs in companion animals, as well as on the need to develop science-based infection control programs in veterinary hospitals.  相似文献   

20.
In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of ampicillin therapy in all 56 urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and S intermedius), in all 26 UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 38 of 44 UTI caused by Escherichia coli, in 29 of 31 UTI caused by Streptococcus spp, in 8 of 10 UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and in 16 of 20 UTI caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 173 of 187 (92.5%) isolates responded to ampicillin therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results. In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfa in 119 of 138 UTI caused by Escherichia coli, in 33 of 45 UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, in 38 of 43 UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 21 of 25 UTI caused by Streptococcus spp, in 9 of 11 UTI caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci, and in 19 of 21 UTI caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 239 of 283 (84%) isolates responded to trimethoprim-sulfa therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results.  相似文献   

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