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1.
During the winter of 2012, a leaf spot disease was observed on Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) in the forest areas of Khuzestan province, south‐western Iran, causing significant damage in the Karun's riverside forests. Symptoms consisted of necrotic dark brown, circular to oval, 5‐ to 10‐mm spots on both surfaces of the leaves. A fungus having distinct dictyospores similar to those produced by Alternaria spp. was observed. The morphological characteristics, as well as the phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1‐5,8S‐ITS2) region, confirmed the identity of the strains belonging to the species Alternaria alternata. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on the alive leaves of P. euphratica on the young branches, as well as on the detached leaves in Petri dishes, through inoculation with spore suspension. Target spot symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected leaves were developed on the inoculated leaves seven to 10 days after inoculation in both the inoculation procedures. A. alternata was consistently re‐isolated from the spots. Interestingly, similar symptoms were observed 7 days after detached leaf treatment with droplets of 15‐day‐old fungal culture filtrate, suggesting the production of pathotoxic compounds by the fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing leaf spot on Euphrates poplar in Iran. 相似文献
2.
Sterculia nobilis is an important tropical woody plant with high ornamental and economic value. At present, there are few reports of diseases on this plant. In August 2018, an unknown leaf spot disease was observed on S. nobilis in Nanning, China, affecting the inner leaves of the canopy and causing considerable defoliation. The pathogen was isolated, and pathogenicity tests carried out on detached leaves to verify Koch's postulates. Based on morphological observations and polygenic analyses, the pathogen causing leaf spots on S. nobilis was identified as Colletotrichum siamense. 相似文献
3.
板栗(Castanea mollissima)在山东省是一重要的干果树种.自2004年起,山东泰安、济南、潍坊、临沂等地相继发生一种新的叶部病害,板栗感病后,叶片上产生褐色的斑点,随后病斑迅速扩大,呈不规则大面积干枯,9月中、下旬开始大量落叶,10月中、下旬二次发芽抽稍,新发枝稍冬季枯死,极易诱发板栗疫病,引起树木整株死亡.近年来,该病逐年加重.2006年对泰安市徂徕山林场600hm2板栗林调查,发病率为100%,800余株10～15年生板栗树死亡,2007年死亡9000余株,减产近12万kg.为控制该病害的危害,生产上迫切需要确诊出该病害及病原,2006-2009年,笔者对该病害进行了系统的研究,旨在为研究病害的发生发展规律和防治措施的制定提供理论依据. 相似文献
4.
Alternaria leaf spot of Ailanthus excelsa is generally considered as minor disease in India. Recently, severe disease outbreaks were recorded in the nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, progeny trial at Jhumpa, Haryana, and in a nearby farm field. Leaf symptoms included small circular, brown, necrotic spots with a chlorotic halo. With severe infections, leaf spots coalesced and resulted in leaf blight. A small‐spored Alternaria with concatenated conidia was isolated consistently from the leaf samples with spot symptoms. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (tef‐1α) gene region of two fungal isolates confirmed the species as A. alternata. In detached leaf assays, both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed on the nursery/field‐grown plants. To validate the detached leaf assay result, pathogenicity was also demonstrated on whole plants in a glasshouse. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolating A. alternata from the inoculated leaves. This work is the first to confirm that A. alternata is associated with leaf spot and blight disease of A. excelsa in India. 相似文献
5.
A new foliar disease was observed on sissoo in Jaipur and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan, India. The disease occurred in approximately 30% of the trees surveyed. Leaf spots were mostly irregular and these start from leaf margin to inwards. The fungus was identified as Curvularia affinis Boedijn and Koch’s postulates fulfilled. On the basis of the literature, this is the first report of C. affinis causing leaf spot of Dalbergia sissoo from India as well as worldwide. 相似文献
6.
André Wilson Campos Rosado Alessandra de Jesus Boari Danilo Oliveira Ramos Fábio Alex Custódio Ayane Fernanda Ferreira Quadros Izabel Cristina Alves Batista Olinto Liparini Pereira 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(2):e12808
Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental tree in several countries. In April 2015, C. revoluta leaves showing brownish spots with a yellow halo that progressed to leaflet necrosis were observed in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. This study aimed to determine the aetiology of this disease on sago palm in Brazil. Based on DNA sequence-based phylogeny, morphology, and colony characterization, the fungus was identified as Pseudopestalotiopsis elaeidis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. elaeidis associated with leaf spots on C. revoluta worldwide. 相似文献
7.
在甘肃陇南油橄榄种植区发生一种叶部新病害,叶片感病后,产生褐色斑点,病斑不断扩大,后期渐变为纶纹状,叶部有单个病斑,也有多个病斑相连,叶背症状不明显。叶片受害部位周围渐失绿,后期变黄,大面积干枯,继而引起早期落叶。通过组织分离、菌株纯化,显微观察,记录了病原的载孢体为椭圆形,大小为286~504μm×132~375μm,产生2种分生孢子,甲型孢子多为椭圆形,具2个油球,大小为4.3~7.6×1.6~3.4μm,乙型分生孢子线状或端部成钩状,大小为13~24×0.4~1.2μm。对病原物r DNA-ITS序列进行同源性分析得出,菌株A1（a3、a4、a5、a7）与Diaporthe eres菌株遗传距离最近,与Phomopsis属的多个种及该属的有性型Diaporthe sp.位于系统发育树的同一分支,与同源率最高的Phomopsis amygdali遗传距离相对较远。通过对病原物分子生物学分析及形态学观察,确定引起该病害的病原菌为一新种,初步定为拟茎点霉,经查文献,此病原菌在油橄榄上没有记载。 相似文献
8.
[目的]探究不同种源文冠果叶片气孔分布特征对水分胁迫的响应,了解其耐旱性差异,为节水耐旱文冠果种源的选择提供依据。[方法]以集中分布在华北地区的3个不同种源文冠果幼苗为研究对象,通过盆栽控水方法设置充足水分(W1)、正常供水(W2)、轻度干旱(W3)和重度干旱(W4)4个水分梯度,采用指甲油印迹技术,研究不同种源文冠果叶片气孔分布特征对水分胁迫的响应。[结果]表明:不同种源文冠果的气孔均分布在叶片的下表皮,随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,气孔变得小而多,趋于旱生植物的叶片气孔分布结构特征;气孔分布特征对水分胁迫的响应存在显著的差异性,与河南三门峡、山西晋中两个种源相比,河北承德种源叶片在不同水分胁迫处理下均具有小而多的气孔,以及较强的气孔调节能力。[结论] 3个种源文冠果叶片气孔分布特征均存在着不同程度的趋于旱生结构;河北承德种源文冠果叶片气孔器比其他2个种源均相对小而多,且调节能力强,属华北地区抗旱优良种源。 相似文献
9.
《Southern Forests》2013,75(3):171-178
Plantations consisting of non-native tree species were established on the Copperbelt of Zambia to supplement timber supply from natural forests and to meet the increasing demand of round wood and fuel wood for the copper mines. In early 2004, a disease characterised by severe leaf defoliation and death of juvenile trees suddenly occurred in plantations of the Copperbelt Forestry Company. This study was undertaken to determine the nature of the disease and extent of damage caused with a view of providing a framework for sustainable management of the plantations. Disease incidence, severity and impact on plantations using the crown damage index were assessed for three consecutive years. Eucalyptus grandis was more affected than E. cloeziana and leaf spot incidence and severity were higher in Kalibu, Kitwe District, than in Kafubu, Kalulushi District. The incidence in Kalibu was 90.4%, causing tree crown damage of 18.6% at the end of the assessment in 2006 compared to 17.5% incidence and 1.02% crown damage recorded in Kafubu. Fungi collected from leaf tissues included species of Aulographina, Cryptosporiopsis, Cylindrocladium and fungi in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Stem pathogens were identified as fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae and Kirramyces sp. Diseases induced by these pathogens are increasingly becoming major threats to young eucalypts, resulting in poor stem form. Factors favouring disease development are described and these need to be properly managed to minimise the impact of diseases in addition to the need to establish selection and breeding programmes to develop tolerant genotypes to ensure a sustainable future for the forestry industry in Zambia. 相似文献
10.
First report of botryosphaeriaceous fungi causing canker on Cedrela fissilis and leaf spots on Cariniana estrellensis in forest nursery in Brazil 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. O. Lisboa M. A. Silva A. R. Machado D. B. Pinho L. S. Borges O. L. Pereira G. Q. Furtado 《Forest Pathology》2016,46(4):362-365
Cariniana estrellensis and Cedrela fissilis are native forest species from Brazil that are widely used for arborization of parks and recuperation of degraded areas. The production of seedlings from these two forest trees in nurseries is severely affected by fungal diseases. Morphological identification, sequencing analysis of three gene regions (TEF+ACT+ITS or TEF+TUB2 + ITS) and pathogenicity tests confirmed that fungi belonging to Botryosphaeriales are the aetiological agent of the diseases. This is the first report of Phyllosticta capitalensis causing leaf spots on C. estrellensis and Botryosphaeria dothidea causing canker on C. fissilis in forest nurseries in Brazil. 相似文献
11.
The multi‐use tree Canthium dicoccum (Rubiaceae) growing in shrub forests of Mysore, Mandya and Chamarajanagar (India) was severely affected by a leaf blight disease. The ascomycete Pestalotiopsis mangiferae was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves and identified by micromorphology and ITS rDNA sequencing analysis. Pathogenicity test was performed and Koch's postulates were fulfilled. This is the first report of P. mangiferae causing leaf blight of C. dicoccum in India. 相似文献
12.
Shot holes on oriental cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) leaves were investigated to evaluate their role in the elimination of pathogens using analytical electron microscopy. Small brown spots caused by Mycosphaerella cerasella appeared on the leaf surface and developed into shot holes that were approximately 1–5 mm in diameter. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed clusters of fungal conidiophores and hyphal growth on the leaf surface around the shot holes. The fungal structures were mostly located within a radius of 500 μm from the shot holes and confined to the epidermal sector separated by veins. X‐ray microanalysis revealed distinct calcium ring patterns encircling the shot holes. The abscised surfaces consisted of suberized plant cells colonized with filamentous fungi and yeasts. Embedded in the mesophyll tissue, druse crystals were co‐localized with calcium and oxygen. Despite the fungal presence around the shot holes, no further expansion of the shot holes was observed on the leaf surface. These results suggest that shot holes may represent an incomplete but neutral abscission of infection loci in the presence of necrotrophic fungal pathogens. This microscopy study provides insight into the formation and roles of calcium oxalate in plants under pathological conditions. 相似文献
13.
Boxelder (Acer negundo) is planted as ornamental and shade tree in many countries including Iran. During July 2016, boxelder trees in parks and streets of different localities in East Azarbaijan province, Iran were found to be heavily infected with powdery mildew. Whitish powdery fungal mass developed mainly on the lower leaf surface. The infected young leaves became bubbled, curled and crinkled, giving affected plants an unpleasant appearance. During September, scattered, dark brown, spherical chasmothecia were produced on the lower leaf surface. The causal agent was identified as Sawadaea negundinis based on a combination of morphological characteristics of sexual and asexual morphs and sequence data of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2). This study provides the first report on the occurrence of S. negundinis on boxelder in Iran. 相似文献
14.
西南桦和光皮桦幼苗外形特征十分相似,在种源不明确的情况下,苗木调运时很难在现场快速鉴别与区分。由于两个树种各自适宜栽培的海拔和气候条件不尽相同,为避免混淆造成不良影响,对两个树种的幼苗叶片表型特征进行调查对比研究。结果表明,光皮桦与西南桦幼苗的叶柄区别显著,前者明显长于后者;光皮桦与西南桦幼苗叶片长宽比区别显著,前者长宽比小,叶形团圆,后者长宽比大,叶形细长;西南桦与光皮桦幼苗叶片基尖比无明显差别。幼苗叶片表型特征的差异性可作为现场快速鉴别区分西南桦与光皮桦幼苗的依据。 相似文献
15.
Summary A necrosis of leaves of Quercus pubescens caused by the fungus Ulocladium chartarum is reported. This fungus causes leaf spots both under natural conditions and following artificial inoculation of unwounded attached leaves. A high incidence of leaf spotting by U. chartarum seems to be associated with wet summers. 相似文献
16.
[目的]对不同遗传材料在不同环境条件下叶片色素含量变化及其呈色响应开展试验研究,从生理生化角度探寻影响秋季枫香叶片呈色的关键因素,为枫香叶色改良、新品种选育和应用环境选择提供理论依据。[方法]以4个不同家系的1年生枫香幼苗为试材,测定其在不同环境下叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素和可溶性糖含量并分析其相关性。[结果]结果表明:试验期间,枫香叶片逐渐由绿色变成红色、深红色。同时4个家系叶色变化差异显著,其中17号家系叶片主要为深红色,14号家系叶片颜色以黄绿色为主。叶片中的叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量变化呈下降趋势,特别在平均温度最低、平均昼夜温差大的3号试验点下降幅度最大。4个家系叶片花青素含量显著升高。同时4个家系叶片可溶性糖含量在各试验点均较试验前有不同程度增加。相关分析表明花青素含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与叶绿素含量、平均温度和平均呈显著负相关。多因素方差分析表明家系和不同环境对叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素、可溶性糖和叶片红色面积比例变化产生极显著影响(p0.01)。[结论]不同家系枫香叶片颜色在不同环境下有不同的变化趋势,同一环境下不同枫香家系叶片变化也显著不同,温度变化的差异和枫香叶片色素比例的改变是导致其颜色改变的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the resistance of beech foliage(Fagus sylvatica) against oxidative stress was affected by soil quality, nitrogen or CO2 fertilisation, or lachnid infestation(Phyllaphis fagi). For this purpose young beech trees were grown for four years in reconstructed calcareous or acidic forest soils in open
top chambers under ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations with two levels of nitrogen fertilisation. At harvest lachnid colonisation was observed, preferentially on
leaves from trees in calcareous soil and on leaves from trees fertilised with the high nitrogen level. General leaf characteristics
such as pigment concentrations, dry mass, and leaf mass ber area were not affected by the soil type, nitrogen fertilisation
or CO2 regime. Leaves colonised with lachnids displayed slightly increased leaf mass per area. When the stress resistance was challenged
by exposure to paraquat — a herbicide inducing oxidative stress — leaves from trees grown on calcareous soil maintained significantly
longer membrane integrity and, thus, were better protected against stress than leaves from trees on acidic soil. Other experimental
variables had negligible or no effects on the resistance against oxidative stress.
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18.
Bizhen Fang Shixiao Yu Yongfan Wang Xian Qiu Chuxiong Cai Shiping Liu 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(2):401-408
Aqueous leaf leachate and leaf volatile of Eucalyptus urophylla were used to investigate their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of seven native tree species (Cinnamomum burmanni, Cryptocarya concinna, Machilus chinensis, Photinia benthamiana, Pygeum topengii, Diospyros morrisiana and Pterospermum lanceaefolium) and three exotic tree species (Acacia confusa, Albizia lebbeck and Albizia falcataria). It was revealed that aqueous leaf leachate suppressed the seed germination and seedling growth of Photinia benthamiana, Pygeum topengii, Diospyros morrisiana and Pterospermum lanceaefolium. In case of Cryptocarya concinna, leaf leachate decreased only the seed germination. Leaf volatile concentration beyond 250 g per desiccator had a significant
suppression effect on germination of Cinnamomum burmanni, Cryptocarya concinna, Machilus chinensis, Diospyros morrisiana and Pterospermum lanceaefolium. The seedlings growth for most species was affected at concentration of 50 g and above, with the exception of Cryptocarya concinna, Pygeum topengii and Albizia falcataria which were not obviously suppressed at 50 or 150 g leaf weight. However, the growth of Pterospermum lanceaefolium remained uninhibitory till when volatile at the concentration of 350 g leaf weight was applied. From the result it can be
concluded that the allelochemical effects of the donor varies with the dose applied, and species respond differently to allelochemical
released by the Eucalyptus. 相似文献
19.
Disease biology and histopathology of bronze leaf disease: a threat to cultivated aspens,white poplars and their hybrids 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Bronze leaf disease (BLD) of species and hybrids of aspens, grey and white poplars (Genus Populus, section Populus) is a systemic disease incited by the fungus Apioplagiostoma populi (E.K. Cash & A.M. Waterman) M.E. Barr that results in a characteristic bronze to dark brown pigmentation of infected leaves in late summer and early fall. Branches on affected trees die over a period of several years, disfiguring trees and eventually leading to mortality of susceptible trees planted in landscapes. In this study, we describe the histopathology of the disease and fungus development relative to external symptoms on affected trees. A. populi hyphae were observed in leaf vessels, lateral veins and xylem vessels of stems and roots of affected trees. Hyphae were also observed in veins and vessels of asymptomatic leaves. Xylem vessels of growth rings on dead branches were completely occluded with A. populi near the vascular cambium and together with the ray parenchyma were stained a bronze colour. Evidence of putative toxin damage to mesophyll cells, not colonized by hyphae, was observed and may contribute to the characteristic tissue staining observed. The development of the fungus was consistent with previous reports, but in this study, we report additional details including perithecial development and ascospore release from predominantly abaxial leaf surfaces. We also report for the first time the isolation and growth of the pathogen in pure culture and systemic infection of roots. 相似文献
20.
Eucalyptus spp. are among the most widely planted exotic trees in Ethiopia. Several damaging leaf pathogens are known from Eucalyptus spp. worldwide. Of these, Mycosphaerella spp. are among the most important, causing the disease known as Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD). Characteristic symptoms of MLD include leaf spot, premature defoliation, shoot and twig dieback. Recent disease surveys conducted in Ethiopian Eucalyptus plantations have revealed disease symptoms similar to those caused by Mycosphaerella spp. These symptoms were restricted to E. globulus trees growing in several localities in south, south western and western Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to identify the fungi associated with this disease. This was achieved by examining ascospore germination patterns, anamorph associations and sequence data from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA operon, for representative isolates. Several different ascospore germination patterns were observed, suggesting that more than one species of Mycosphaerella is responsible for MLD on E. globulus in Ethiopia. Analysis of sequence data showed that three Mycosphaerella spp., M. marksii, M. nubilosa and M. parva were present. This is the first report of these three species from Ethiopia and represents a valuable basis on which to build further studies in the region. 相似文献