共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
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氯虫苯甲酰胺的残留降解与检测分析研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
氯虫苯甲酰胺是作用于昆虫鱼尼丁受体的新型邻甲酰氨基苯甲酰胺类杀虫剂,具有杀虫活性高、杀虫谱广、持效期长、害虫不易产生抗性、对非靶标生物安全、与常规药剂无交互抗性等特性,被广泛应用于水稻、蔬菜等农作物上鳞翅目害虫的防治。为了解氯虫苯甲酰胺在作物和环境中的降解情况及残留分析方法,本研究介绍了氯虫苯甲酰胺的理化特性、作用机理、作用特点与抗药性,总结了它在作物、土壤和水体中的降解研究现状,概述了其残留物的提取、净化、分析原理和方法,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺是一种具有市场发展潜力的绿色环保杀虫剂,非常适合于害虫的抗性治理和综合治理。目前在各类样品基质中其残留物的检测分析主要采用高效液相色谱方法。田间试验结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺在作物上降解速度快、半衰期短,属于易降解类农药,按照推荐剂量正确施用,在作物上不会造成残留,但它在土壤中的持留期较长,长期使用可能存在累积残留风险。此外,该杀虫剂对家蚕毒性高,在蚕区应谨慎使用。同时,大量、频繁地使用该杀虫剂已经发现有害虫产生了抗药性。 相似文献
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<正>为明确新型杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺在植株内的内吸传导特性,为合理使用氯虫苯甲酰胺防治蔬菜、水稻等害虫策略的制定提供科学依据,扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院研究人员近期采用水培法和涂药法,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺在大豆植株中的内吸传导特性。 相似文献
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为了监测水稻中氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫胺的残留量，本文建立了分散固相萃取的QuEChERS法结合超高效液相色谱串联质(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定糙米、稻壳、秸秆中氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫胺残留量的测定方法。样品经乙腈水振荡提取，PSA或C18净化，UPLC-MS/MS多反应离子监测模式(MRM)下检测，外标法定量。结果表明：氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫胺最佳提取溶剂为50%乙腈水，提取方式为振荡提取，选择C18作为糙米提取液的净化剂，PSA作为稻壳和秸秆提取溶剂的净化剂。氯虫苯甲酰胺在0.1~100 μg/L、噻虫胺胺在0.1~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R2均大于0.99；两种农药在糙米、稻壳和秸秆中的平均添加回收率在83.2%~105.4%之间，相对标准偏差为1.2%~10.1%；氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫胺在糙米中定量限为0.005 mg/kg，在稻壳和秸秆中均为0.025 mg/kg。该方法前处理过程操作简单快速，灵敏度高，适用于同时检测糙米、稻壳、秸秆中氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫胺的残留量。 相似文献
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为研究筛选出一种高效液相色谱技术检测20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂的最佳方法,首先通过液相色谱检测不同浓度的标准品建立标准曲线(y=2.9×105x-1.8×106,R2=0.9999),然后通过对5 种不同提取剂（甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、苯酮、二氯甲烷）的提取样品后液相色谱结果进行比较研究,筛选出其中较好的提取试剂-二氯甲烷,并且其最佳浓度为55%（20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂-康宽的检出浓度为931.4 μg/mL）。研究建立了一种氯虫苯甲酰胺最佳液相色谱方法（在常规的液相色谱条件下,以55%的二氯甲烷提取）,为氯虫苯甲酰胺后续的残留以及消解等方面研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2015,(31)
为研究筛选出一种高效液相色谱技术检测20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂的最佳方法,首先通过液相色谱检测不同浓度的标准品建立标准曲线(y=2.9×105x-1.8×106,R2=0.9999),然后通过对5种不同提取剂(甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、苯酮、二氯甲烷)的提取样品后液相色谱结果进行比较研究,筛选出其中较好的提取试剂-二氯甲烷,并且其最佳浓度为55%(20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂-康宽的检出浓度为931.4μg/m L)。研究建立了一种氯虫苯甲酰胺最佳液相色谱方法(在常规的液相色谱条件下,以55%的二氯甲烷提取),为氯虫苯甲酰胺后续的残留以及消解等方面研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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<正>氯虫·噻虫嗪,商品名为度锐TM,主要剂型:30%悬浮剂,主要成分:10%氯虫苯甲酰胺+20%噻虫嗪。为先正达公司开发的由氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫嗪混配的高效低毒杀虫剂,是一种新的广谱内吸性土壤杀虫剂。在苗床或苗盘上喷淋处理,主要防治蔬菜上的刺吸式和咀嚼式口器害虫。 相似文献
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Oilseed rape has been modified extensively by conventional breeding for the production of varieties useful for human consumption (blended vegetable oil and margarine) and industrial processes (rubber additives and high‐temperature lubricants). Because much is now known about its genetic and biochemical composition, it has been an obvious choice for genetic modification and is now at the forefront of the commercial development of genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops. Around the world, the increase in commercial plantings of all transgenic crops has been rapid. In 1996, 1.7 million hectares were planted, but by 1998 this figure had jumped to 27.8 million ha. The area in the year 2001 is likely to be about 50 million ha. With the possible introduction of transgenic varieties into European agriculture, it is essential that the associated farming practices employed are appropriate for their growth, both from a commercial and an environmental viewpoint. Some of the first transgenic crops are those carrying agronomic traits, e.g. herbicide tolerance transgenes. However, before full commercialization occurs, important agronomic and environmental questions need to be answered. How are these new crops to be incorporated into existing cropping practices? How will this change the current herbicide use profile for a given crop? Do herbicide‐tolerant varieties enhance or impede integrated pest management schemes? What is the likely uptake of such crops in agriculture? What are the ecological implications of their introduction? Are there effective measures to control the spread of transgenes to wild relatives? This paper addresses these questions, with special emphasis on oilseed rape production in the UK, but includes examples from other crops and countries where appropriate. 相似文献
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Agriculture generates important impacts on the environment, which can be evaluated with agri-environmental indicators. A key element of environment protection in agriculture is the maintenance of a dense soil cover for the longest possible period. Notably, soil cover is known to diminish erosion risks and nitrate leaching. In this study, an agri-environmental indicator for soil cover is presented, which integrates data from the crop model STICS to quantify vegetation growth dynamics. Simulations were conducted with STICS for the major crops cultivated in Switzerland across several contrasting pedoclimatic situations. They were then integrated with data for crop residue cover to evaluate soil cover at the field and farm levels in the framework of a farm network survey. At the field level, for the period from the harvest of the previous crop through the harvest of the main crop, the highest soil cover was achieved by silage maize and winter barley. A high variability between fields was observed, due to the diversity of cultural practices during the period preceding the seeding of the main crops. Some crops, winter wheat in particular, showed a high number of days with insufficient soil cover (under 30%), leading to potential environmental risks. This shows the crucial need of promoting conservation agriculture principles (permanent soil cover, minimum soil disturbance, diversification of crop rotation) in arable systems to better protect the soils and the environment. The soil cover indicator presented here provided a continuous quantification of soil cover, whereas most of the currently used indicators provide qualitative or roughly quantitative results. 相似文献
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污泥堆肥的应用及其在农业中的发展趋势 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
污泥是污水处理厂剩余物,随着社会的发展,资源的紧缺,污泥作为堆肥原料已逐渐成为人们处理污泥的主要方式,即把污泥经过堆肥化形成的生物固体应用于农田、林地、草地、市政绿化、果树及蔬菜地,使严重扰动的土地逐渐恢复植被并促进土壤熟化。污泥因其含有大量有机质和氮磷钾等营养成分,是非常值得利用的肥源。此文综述了污泥堆肥农用的历史及现状,污泥堆肥化的原理和过程;并对污泥堆肥在农业、林业、蔬菜、花卉、果树以及土地修复重建上的应用做了详细介绍,指出污泥堆肥在农业中的发展趋势以及存在的问题。 相似文献
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果蔬分选是农业果蔬产后不可缺少的重要环节,以可编程逻辑控制技术为核心的自动化生产线为现代农业的智能化发展提供了新途径.为提高果蔬的分选效率,减少本地分选的人工成本,将数据采集、数据处理、无线通讯、智能控制等技术深度融合,研究一种可远程控制的果蔬智能分选机制,并通过可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)自动化数据采集与机械控制和.NET Core架构的分布式网络控制方法两方面对远程控制分选方案进行研究,配合合适的糖度-质量等果蔬品质模型,实现高速远程在线果蔬智能分选.基于该分选技术的软硬件方案进行试验,对控制策略和分选精确度进行仿真.结果表明,与传统的果蔬分选技术相比,该系统从系统成本、反应速度、分拣精度、管理效率等方面均有优势,果蔬分选精度能达93％以上,可以实现远程故障排查,节省了人工成本,具有推广应用价值. 相似文献
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分析城市周边（以贵阳市某区为例）蔬菜规模化种植农药残留情况及其质量安全状况。本文利用气相色谱对贵阳市某区7个蔬菜基地有机磷、有机氯和菊酯类17种农药残留进行定量检测分析,采用食品安全指数对蔬菜安全进行风险分析。结果表明：该地区均有3种农药（百菌清、甲氰菊酯、毒死蜱）在蔬菜样品中被不同程度检出,平均检出率为6.63%,百菌清的检出率最高(9.84%)、甲氰菊酯(8.2%)的检出率次之、毒死蜱(1.83%)的检出率最低,检出的农药除毒死蜱不做判定之外其余的两种农药残留均未超标。一至四季度蔬菜样品中农药残留检出率三季度最高(15.68%),四季度次之(15%),将被检的109个蔬菜样品按照6个大类进行分析,不同种类蔬菜农残检出率依次为：豆类蔬菜(33.34%)>茄类(21.43%)>瓜果类(17.06%)>叶菜类(3.13%)。所检蔬菜样品的$\bar{IFS}$值<<1,2017年农药对该地区7个蔬菜基地均没有影响,蔬菜农药残留检出率级别均属安全,可为消费者所接受。该研究为当地的农业生产质量安全提供了理论数据,保证了当地居民的健康饮食。 相似文献
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针对湖南农业大省,农业废弃物种类多,量大面广的问题,本研究根据不同种类的农业废弃物资源与有机肥产品特点设计了5种处理利用模式：（1）鸡粪+秸秆制成有机肥用于果蔬茶;（2）牛粪+烟末制作有机肥用于粮食与经济作物;（3）蘑菇渣等废弃物制作有机肥;（4）尾菜+饼粕制作有机肥用于蔬菜基地;（5）鸡粪+返料制作有机肥用于经济作物。研究结果表明：上述农业废弃物处理技术模式具有明显的优势：降低废弃物消纳和企业生产的时空成本,避免二次污染,获得了更多的有机肥料资源。这些技术模式可复制、可推广,为不同地区、不同种类废弃物、不同规模企业提供了借鉴,解决了农业污染物就地处理的技术难题,对环境保护和农业可持续发展具有积极意义。 相似文献
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Threats to fruit and vegetable crops: Fruit flies (Tephritidae) - ecology, behaviour, and management
M. Shafiq Ansari Fazil Hasan Nadeem Ahmad 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(3):169-188
Approximately 4,000 known/described species of fruit flies (Tephritidae) are distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of world, out of which 200 species are economically important and damaging/spoiling not only to fruits but also to a number of vegetable crops. Despite their tremendous importance, a limited amount of information is available on the ecology and behaviour of fruit flies especially when compared to fruit fly species complex. It is necessary to understand the ecology and behaviour before the formulation of management strategy. The present review may serves as a baseline data for scientists engaged in fruit fly management programs. Key themes include: (1) demography and population dynamics and, (2) behaviour (e.g. sexual, mating, oviposition, and feeding). The excess of literature on monitoring and management of fruit flies are available, which includes male sterilization and annihilation, mass trapping, chemical baits, mating disruption, and biological control. But few of them are easily adopted by users and give satisfactory control of fruit flies and rest are not easily adopted or if used does not give effective control, because of the lack of knowledge about the ecology and behaviour of fruit flies. If the information on population dynamics, behavior, and the related ecological factors are not jointly gathered, it is almost impossible to carry out an appropriate pest control at the right time and place. We hope that this synthesis will lay the groundwork for future ecological and behavioural studies of fruit fly species, populations, communities, and control. 相似文献