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1.
Records for 212 attended farrowings by 38 Yorkshire sows were examined. Eighty per cent of the farrowings were less than six hours, 18 per cent between six and 12 hours and two per cent between 12 and 17 hours duration. There appeared to be no marked relationship between the duration of farrowing and the size of litter.

In spite of a higher stillbirth rate in males, there were more male (52.3 per cent) than female piglets born alive. As the time taken to farrow increased from within 1-3 hours to more than eight hours, the percentage of stillborn piglets and the percentage of litters with stillbirths increased to 10.5 from 2.4 and to 61.1 from 18.2 per cent respectively.

Twenty-nine per cent of the litters were farrowed on the 114th day of gestation. As the gestation period lengthened to 117 days or more, from 113 days or less, there were corresponding increases in the duration of farrowing and the incidence of stillbirths, and a decrease in litter size.

A need to investigate the use of hormones to control parturition in sows was suggested.

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2.
This study investigated the effect of altrenogest treatment on the farrowing development of sows, and birth weight (BW) and piglet survival until the third day of life. Three control groups were used: (i) sows that farrowed spontaneously before 114 day of gestation (CONT <114); (ii) sows that spontaneously farrowed at ≥114 day of gestation (CONT ≥114); (iii) sows that farrowed at ≥114 day with cloprostenol treatment (CONTCLOPR). Other sows were treated with altrenogest (Regumate®) for 3 days (days 111, 112 and 113 of gestation): one group gave birth spontaneously (ALT) and the other group received altrenogest until day 113 and cloprostenol on day 114 (ALTCLOPR). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in farrowing duration, BW, coefficient of variation (CV) of BW, stillborn piglets, mummified foetuses, percentage of light piglets and survival until Day 3 between sows with and without cloprostenol treatment, in both control (CONT ≥114 vs CONTCLOPR) and altrenogest‐treated sows (ALT vs ALTCLOPR). Further comparisons were performed taking into account three groups: sows with early delivery (CONT <114 – farrowing before 114 days of gestation; n = 56), sows with longer gestation (CONT ≥114 – with and without cloprostenol treatment sows; n = 103) and ALT sows (with and without cloprostenol treatment; n = 105). Gestation length of CONT ≥114 and ALT sows was similar (p > 0.05), but higher than in CONT <114 sows. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between groups in farrowing duration, CV of BW, and percentages of stillborn piglets and mummified foetuses. Sows of CONT <114 group had a larger litter size and a lower BW than sows of the other two groups (p < 0.05). Sows of CONT <114 group had a higher percentage of lighter piglets and a lower piglet survival rate (p < 0.05) than ALT sows. In conclusion, altrenogest treatment proved to be an efficient method to avoid early parturition in 3–5 parity sows resulting in heavier piglets at birth.  相似文献   

3.
In an experiment involving 161 farrowings, cloprostenol was injected on day 112 or 113 of gestation at the recommended dosage (175 μg) or a lower dosage (125 μg). Cloprostenol treatment did not result in abnormally high body temperatures of sows at parturition. Farrowing began within 29 hours of injection in 94% and 88% of the sows treated with 175 μg and 125 μg cloprostenol respectively, as compared to 15% of saline-injected controls. The duration of farrowing and number stillborn were not affected by treatment. Sows farrowing within 19 hours of treatment tended to have a large number of piglets and a higher body temperature postpartum.  相似文献   

4.
前列腺素诱导母猪分娩时的内分泌状态   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
选用５头妊娠后期母猪,于妊娠１１１ｄ上午９∶００肌肉注射氯前列烯醇（ＰＧ）０．２０ｍｇ。５头母猪皆于次日白天分娩。从注射前至分娩结束,在整个诱导过程中多次采血,监测了血清中孕酮（Ｐ４）、硫酸雌酮（Ｅ１Ｓ）、催乳素（ＰＲＬ）和皮质醇（ｃｏｒｔｉｓｏｌ）４种激素浓度的变化。结果表明,诱导分娩过程中各种激素的变化和自然分娩基本一样。这就解释了用国产前列腺素诱导母猪分娩,只要处理时间合适（妊娠１１１ｄ或１１２ｄ）,就会有良好效果,不会产生不良副作用。  相似文献   

5.
Pregnant gilts and sows were given a single intramuscular injection of from 5-10 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha-tromethamine salt (dependent on liveweight) on day 111, 112 or 113 of pregnancy (first day of estrus = day 0) to induce parturition. When injected on day 111, 44% of the pigs farrowed within 40 hours compared with 93% injected on days 112 or 113. The mean time to the induced parturition was 27.3 +/- 4.7 hours. Signs of discomfort were observed during the first hour posttreatment but there were no apparent effects on lactation or on the mothering ability of the dams after farrowing.  相似文献   

6.
To investigate control of parturition time, 154 sows farrowing 220 litters at three locations were treated with altrenogest and Lutalyse (PG). The four treatment groups were: 1) no treatment (control group); 2) an im injection of 15 mg of PG at 1000 on d 111, 112 or 113 of gestation (d 0 = first day of estrus and gestation); 3) altrenogest (20 mg X sow-1 X d-1) fed twice daily for 4 d starting on d 109, 110 or 111; and 4) altrenogest and an injection of PG at 1000 on the day after the last feeding of altrenogest. Control sows at the University of Delaware (UD), University of Maryland (UM) and USDA, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) had mean gestation lengths of 113.5, 114.2 and 115.7 d and live pigs/litter were 10.5, 11.0 and 7.4, respectively. Altrenogest started by d 110 prevented unscheduled early farrowing and increased (P less than .01) gestation length by 1.7 and 1.1 d, respectively, at UD and UM, but had not effect at BARC. The time from PG to parturition was 24.3, 22.6 and 34.4 h, respectively, at UD, UM and BARC. More sows at UD and UM farrowed between 0700 and 1700 on the expected day of parturition after injection of PG (59.3%) than with no PG (20.7%; P less than .05). The high incidence of small litters (less than six pigs) from sows inseminated with frozen semen at BARC resulted in negative correlations of live pigs/litter with gestation length (r = -.533, P = .0001) and with time from PG injection to birth of first pig (r = -.425, P = .017); these correlations were not significant at UD and UM where only natural service was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
Intramuscular injections of various levels of prostaglandin F(2alpha) were administered to 116 pregnant swine in three commercial herds and the University research unit on Day 111, 112 or 113 of gestation. Sixty-three percent of the treated animals farrowed during the working day immediately following treatment. The parturition time, birth weight, litter size, number of piglets weaned, growth of the piglets to weaning and subsequent rebreeding of the dams were comparable with the expected performance in the herds. The results indicated that prostaglandin F(2alpha) in doses ranging from 5 to 12.5 mg per animal were effective for induction of parturition in a substantial proportion of the treated animals. Successful induction of parturition could reduce the farrowing interval for batches, allow more supervision of farrowing, facilitate transfer of piglets from large to small litters and generally increase efficiency in the farrowing unit. This technique could have practical application in intensive swine production units.  相似文献   

8.
A retrospective study, based on 60 990 farrowing records from 35 commercial herds, was performed to determine the incidence of early parturition (<114d) and to investigate the relationship between early parturition and total number of piglets born, number of piglets born alive and percentage of stillborn piglets per litter. The mean gestation length was 115.4 ± 1.62d, and early parturition occurred in 10% of all farrowing records. Sows with early parturition had significantly more stillborn piglets and a larger litter size compared to sows with a normal gestation length (114–117d). Sows with a gestation length <114d were 1.2 times (95% CI: 1.19–1.21; p < 0.001) more likely to have an early parturition at the subsequent parity. A second study was performed in four herds (n = 329) to investigate the efficacy of altrenogest administration on 110–112d (T112) or 111–113d (T113) of gestation for preventing early parturition and to investigate the effect of this treatment on the reproductive performance of sows. The interval between the last altrenogest treatment and the onset of parturition was 3.3 ± 1.32 (T112) or 2.0 ± 0.89 (T113) days. The gestation length of sows of the altrenogest group (T112 + T113) (115.3 ± 1.23d) was significantly longer compared to gestation length of the non‐treated sows (114.7 ± 1.69d) (p < 0.01). Altrenogest treatment had no negative effect on the reproductive performances of the sows. In conclusion, the administration of altrenogest in late gestation is an effective and safe method to prevent early parturition and can counteract the reproductive losses because of premature farrowing, which may occur in a substantial part of the farrowing events.  相似文献   

9.
Analogues of prostaglandin F2 alpha are widely used in the United Kingdom to induce parturition in sows. A disadvantage is that sows are induced to farrow in advance of expected delivery dates. An alternative might be to maintain gestation by the application of a progestogen. Farrowing might then be initiated on the withdrawal of the progestogen. The use of an orally active progestogen (allyl-trenbolone) in an attempt to control the time of parturition in sows is described. In experiment 1, 20 large white cross landrace sows were allocated at random to one of two treatments. Treated sows were fed 16 mg/day of allyl-trenbolone from day 111 of gestation to day 118 of gestation. The farrowing performance of these sows was compared with that of control sows which farrowed naturally. Treated sows farrowed significantly (P less than 0.01) later than the control sows (118.2 and 116.1 days respectively). For treated sows the interval from progestogen withdrawal to farrowing was 29.6 +/- 4.8 hours. The number of stillbirths for treated and control sows respectively was 2.1 and 0.4 per litter. Treatment had no effect either on the birth weight of piglets or on their weaning weight at six weeks old. There was a tendency for more treated sows to show subsequent reproductive malfunction. In a second experiment, under commercial conditions, 81 sows and 12 gilts were allocated to one of four treatments. Treatment A animals were untreated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
Prenatal infection of pigs with Strongyloides ransomi occurred in 12% of 104 pigs and in 14% of 21 litters farrowed by 13 sows experimentally exposed to infective larvae as weanlings. Transmammary passage was observed in 38 of 39 litters studied. Milk samples obtained from 14 sows showed that larvae were usually shed in the colostrum within 24 hours after farrowing; however, larvae were recovered from samples of milk of sows up to 20 days after parturition. Larvae were recovered from milk samples obtained after each parturition up to the fourth. Prenatal infection in pigs was not detected after the 1st litter.  相似文献   

11.
The trials were conducted on a pig farm (German Landrace) over a period of about two years. This farm worked in 7-day cycles using artificial insemination. In trial 1, 209 sows were treated with the prostaglandin F2 alpha analog Cloprostenol (Cloprostenol Jenapharm, 87.5 micrograms i.m.). In trial 2, 646 sows were divided into two groups. Both groups were treated with 100 micrograms Cloprostenol Jenapharm not earlier than on the 113th day of gestation (day 1 of gestation = the day after the first insemination). 24 h later, 119 sows received an additional injection of 1 ml of an oxytocin analog (Depotocin inj. Spofa, 1 ml contains 0.2 mg Carbetocin). In the other group, 120 sows received 2 ml Depotocin. This additional treatment with Depotocin resulted in a mean interval from the injection to the onset of farrowing of 125 minutes (gilts) and 49 minutes (sows). In trial 2, 97.9% of the sows farrowed within 30 hours after Cloprostenol injection (= partus rate 30). The additional treatment with Depotocin resulted in a shortening of farrowing periods, a reduction in mean expulsion time and effected an increase in farrowing during the day time. All these effects were significant (p < or = 0.05).  相似文献   

12.
Thirty nine pairs of full sibs were investigated over 6 parities in a long term study on the effects of late pregnancy feed allowance on the occurrence of agalactia post partum and on the performance of sows and piglets. A careful examination of all sows with a rectal temperature exceeding 39.5 degrees C was performed by a veterinarian within the first 48 h after farrowing. Milk-samples were taken from sows with elevated rectal temperatures and showing clinical symptoms of agalactia. During the last 15 days of gestation the sows in the control group were fed 3.4 kg daily and the sows in the experimental group 1.0 kg daily of a commercial type of diet. In 26.6% of the farrowings in the control group the sows were agalactic whereas the corresponding figure in the experimental group was 14.4%. On clinical examination udder changes were observed in a majority of the diseased sows in both groups. However, the agalactic sows in the control group were generally more affected, with lower water and feed consumption than in the experimental group. No effects of age of the sow (parity number) or length of the gestation period on the incidence of agalactia were demonstrated. The rectal temperature of agalactic sows was significantly higher than in the healthy sows already 1 day before farrowing. The agalactic sows farrowed a larger number of stillborn piglets, which indicates an early establishment of the disease. The number of weaned piglets at 6 weeks did not differ between agalactic and healthy animals. The interval from weaning to first oestrus was not influenced by agalactia in the preceding lactation.  相似文献   

13.
Ninety-one to 100 per cent of pregnant sows injected with 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg of fenprostalene on days 112, 113 or 114 of gestation began to farrow within 30 hours of treatment, the majority during working hours on the day after injection. Induction of farrowing had no significant effect on the piglets' viability, the litter weight or the subsequent sow or litter performance. Treatment of sows with fenprostalene and oxytocin on day 114 of pregnancy resulted in a reduction in duration of farrowing compared with fenprostalene alone.  相似文献   

14.
Intramuscular injections (10mg) of prostaglandin F2ä were administered to 19 pregnant sows in one herd on either the 112th or 113th day of gestation and a similar number of untreated sows served as controls. Induced sows for up to 6h after injection generally showed/more walking, drinking defaceating and postural changes. Over the last 20h prepartum they spent more time lying and urinated more frequently. Mean interval from injection to onset of parturition in treated sows was 24.5h and 16 of them commenced farrowing during the working day, compared with 6 in the control group. Induction of parturition did not influence litter size at birth, piglet bodyweights at birth or 14 days of age, the incidence of the mastitis, metrititis agalactae syndrome, re-breeding interval of the sow or size of the subsequent litter at birth. Farrowing time was significantly longer (6.48h v 4.08h) for treated sows and litter pre-weaning mortality was higher but not significantly so. Most piglet deaths in each group resulted from overlaying or starvation but mortality from anaemia and septicaemia occurred only in the treated group. It is considered that the technique could have practical application on well-managed intensive pig units.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Parturition was induced in 112 gilts and sows on day 111, 112, and 113 of gestation by means of a single intramuscular injection of 175 mcg of a prostaglandin F2α analogue (Cloprostenol, I.C.I. 80996). No side effects were detected immediately after injection and the course of the induced parturition was normal. The interval between injection and parturition was approximately 28 hours. Induction of parturition on day 113 resulted in a significant shortening of this interval as compared with day 111 and 112. The average weights of the piglets at birth and at 5 weeks were within the normal range. The percentage of stillbirths and the loss of piglets up to weaning did not differ significantly between control and experimental groups. The practical applications of induction of parturition are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Intramuscular injections (10 mg) of prostaglandin F2alpha were administered to 19 pregnant sows in one herd on either the 112th or 113th day of gestation and a similar number of untreated sows served as controls. Induced sows for up to 6h after injection generally showed more walking, drinking defaceating and postural changes. Over the last 20 h prepartum they spent more time lying and urinated more frequently. Mean interval from injection to onset of parturition in treated sows was 24.5 h and 16 of them commenced farrowing during the working day, compared with 6 in the control group. Induction of parturition did not influence litter size at birth, piglet body-weights at birth or 14 days of age, the incidence of the mastitis, metrititis agalactae syndrome, re-breeding interval of the sow or size of the subsequent litter at birth. Farrowing time was significantly longer (6.48 h v 4.08 h) for treated sows and litter pre-weaning mortality was higher but not significantly so. Most piglet deaths in each group resulted from overlaying or starvation but mortality from anaemia and septicaemia occurred only in the treated group. It is considered that the technique could have practical application on well-managed intensive pig units.  相似文献   

17.
氯前列烯醇诱导母猪同步分娩的效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
选择 2～ 4胎龄施格母猪 1 32头 ,分为 2组。对照组 ( 6 5头 )不做任何处理 ,试验组 ( 6 7头 )又分妊娠 1 1 2d组 ( 34头 )、1 1 3d组 ( 33头 )。用氯前列烯醇 ( 0 .1 g/L)分 0 .5m L/头、1 m L/头 2个剂量组分别处理上述各试验组母猪 ,观察母猪的分娩情况。结果 ,处理至分娩开始的间隔 ,1 1 2 d组为 2 8.72 h,1 1 3d组为 2 3.34 h,2组差异极显著 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;分娩产程 ,1 1 2 d组为 3.0 8h比对照组长 4 .2 min,1 1 3d组为 2 .31 h比对照组短4 2 min,无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5) ;而白天分娩率经χ2 检验有显著性差异 ,1 1 2 d、1 1 3d组分别有 6 1 .76 %和78.78%的母猪在白天分娩 ,而对照组仅为 4 6 .1 5% ( P<0 .0 5)。1 1 2 d组、1 1 3d组母猪的生产成绩 ,死胎率分别为 2 .2 7%和 2 .0 8%比对照组低 1 .82 %、2 .0 1 % ( P<0 .0 5) ;初生窝重分别为 1 1 .56、1 0 .55kg,分别比对照组高 0 .0 8kg和低 0 .0 7kg( P>0 .0 5) ;2 0日龄窝重 ,1 1 2 d组平均为 33.56 kg比对照组低 1 .9kg,1 1 3d组为2 9.30 kg比对照组高 1 .77kg( P>0 .0 5) ;断奶个体重 ,1 1 2 d组平均为 8.1 4 kg比对照组低 0 .2 7kg,1 1 3d组平均为 9.2 7kg比对照组高 0 .85kg( P>0 .0 5)。结果表明 ,氯前列烯醇能有效控制母猪分娩时间集  相似文献   

18.
Summary

Parturition was induced in 112 gilts and sows on day 111, 112, and 113 of gestation by means of a single intramuscular injection of 175 mcg of a prostaglandin F2α analogue (Cloprostenol, I.C.I. 80996). No side effects were detected immediately after injection and the course of the induced parturition was normal. The interval between injection and parturition was approximately 28 hours. Induction of parturition on day 113 resulted in a significant shortening of this interval as compared with day 111 and 112. The average weights of the piglets at birth and at 5 weeks were within the normal range. The percentage of stillbirths and the loss of piglets up to weaning did not differ significantly between control and experimental groups. The practical applications of induction of parturition are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
To determine risk factors for development of diarrhea in litters of preweaned piglets, data were analyzed from records of 4,397 litters of swine farrowed on a central California ranch 1978-1982. Sixty-four percent of litters were treated for diarrhea. Statistical analysis by multiple logistic regression showed that litters born to young sows (parity less than or equal to 2) were 1.7 times more likely to develop diarrhea before weaning than were litters born to older sows (parity greater than or equal to 3) and that litters born on one end of farrowing barns were 1.3 times more likely to develop diarrhea than were litters born in the other end. The association of diarrhea with other variables--dam breed, sire, gestation group, gestation length, size of litter, number of mummies, runts or stillbirths per litter, farrowing barn of birth or day of the week farrowed--was weak or nonexistent (P greater than 0.01).  相似文献   

20.
The farrowing index is an important parameter for the evaluation of sow productivity. The value of the farrowing index calculated over a relatively short period of time and converted to a yearly basis, depends largely on the number of litters produced during this period. Random differences in the numbers of litters produced in subsequent periods will strongly influence the farrowing indices of these periods. The cycle index is designed to obtain a more valuable and consistent parameter. The cycle index is based on reproductive data of sows that farrowed during a certain period and the number of production days lost because of culling of sows during that period.  相似文献   

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