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四物种共存系统中天敌对斜纹夜蛾控制作用的分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
应用二次正交旋转组合设计，研究了主要捕食性天敌草间小黑蛛、叉角厉蝽和拟水狼蛛捕食斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫的综合效应，并建立了综合效应模型。对捕食量模型进行分析可以了解各天敌类群之间相作用和对斜纹夜蛾捕食量的影响程度，主效分析表明，斜纹夜蛾密度的大小对天敌的总捕食量影响最大。在3种天敌中，对总捕食量影响最大的是草间小黑蛛，其次为叉角厉蝽若虫。交互效应表明，拟水蛛对草间小黑蛛和叉角厉蝽若虫有杀伤作用，相互间干扰作用大，而草间小黑蛛与叉角厣蝽对斜纹夜蛾总捕食量有相互促进的作用。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2020,(3)
为研究叉角厉蝽人工大量繁殖技术和其在草地贪夜蛾防治中的应用,笔者测定了室内饲养条件下叉角厉蝽的平均发育历期和存活率,分析了饲养密度和饥饿处理对叉角厉蝽存活率的影响,并初步研究了叉角厉蝽田间释放密度和时期对防治玉米田草地贪夜蛾的影响。结果表明,室温25～32℃、相对空气湿度60%～80%、光照周期L∶D=14∶10的条件下,饲养叉角厉蝽一个世代需要41.40 d。饲养密度过高或过低都显著降低总产卵数。雌虫平均产卵量和存活率随饲养密度升高而降低,室内饲养叉角厉蝽成虫的最佳密度为4头/L。饥饿处理对不同龄期的叉角厉蝽存活时间的影响有显著差异。雌虫耐饥饿能力最强。在田间玉米虫量约为20头/百株时,按照0.24头/m2释放叉角厉蝽5龄若虫,7 d后草地贪夜蛾虫口减退率达72.41%;玉米拔节期释放叉角厉蝽效果好于喇叭口期和抽穗期,7 d后草地贪夜蛾虫口减退率达68.75%,对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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为明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的捕食性天敌——叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata在全球的潜在地理分布,基于叉角厉蝽在全球已有的历史分布记录,结合环境数据,采用MaxEnt生态位模型结合GIS技术对其在全球范围的适生区进行分析。结果显示,最暖季降水和最冷季平均温度是影响叉角厉蝽分布的主要环境因素。预测的叉角厉蝽在各个洲均可能发生,适生区集中分布在亚洲东部、东南亚大部、印度半岛东部、非洲南部东西沿海岸地区、南美洲中部地区及澳洲北部沿海岸地区。表明叉角厉蝽适生性较强,可以充分利用其捕食性释放到田间用于生物防治。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探明植株结构复杂性如何影响活动性较弱的捕食性昆虫对植株上防卫性较强的猎物的搜索和捕食行为.以蠋蝽Arna chinensis及其猎物斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫为捕食者-猎物模式,设置盆栽大豆Glycine max植株结构复杂性2个处理:1株/盆,2株/盆,接4头斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫:在某一盆植... 相似文献
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本文以OB作为斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spodoptera lituranucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltNPV)的增效剂,对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫进行生物测定,结果表明,在0.25%~1.00%的浓度范围内,随着OB增效剂浓度的提高,其对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也随着提高,最高增效倍数达85.1倍;在2~4龄幼虫范围内,随着虫龄的增大,OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也增加;而随着温度的升高,增效剂的增效作用无显著提高。 相似文献
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斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricicus)又名斜纹夜盗蛾,属鳞翅目、夜蛾科.其幼虫因抗药性强,近年来已经成为芋头生产的重要害虫.斜纹夜蛾发生世代多,繁殖速度快,一般常规农药防控效果不佳. 相似文献
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为了探索叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate对茶谷蛾Agriophara rhombata Meyr.的控害作用,在实验室及田间测定了不同虫态叉角厉蝽对于不同虫龄茶谷蛾幼虫的捕食能力,研究了该蝽对于茶谷蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、干扰作用及田间控害效应。结果表明：叉角厉蝽对不同虫龄茶谷蛾都有捕食作用,总体呈现出若蝽对茶谷蛾低龄幼虫的捕食量大于高龄幼虫,成蝽对高龄幼虫的捕食量大于低龄幼虫;对不同虫龄茶谷蛾幼虫的捕食作用均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,其中对1～2龄幼虫的捕食效能(a/Th)最强(30.2886),日最大捕食量(1/Th)最大(28.6588头)。对不同虫龄茶谷蛾的搜寻效应与其密度呈负相关,且对低龄幼虫的搜寻效应显著大于高龄幼虫。建立了叉角厉蝽密度、不同虫龄茶谷蛾密度对捕食作用的干扰反应方程,干扰发生后该蝽的捕食量及捕食作用率逐渐下降。田间控害试验表明：4～5龄若蝽对茶谷蛾低龄幼虫的防效显著高于5～6龄幼虫,在第7 d时,对1～2龄幼虫的防效达42%;成蝽对3～4龄幼虫的防效较好,在第7 d时达到47%。 相似文献
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夜蛾黑卵蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾卵的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2019年7月,我们在贵州黔东南地区采集的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda卵块内发现1种卵寄生蜂,经分子鉴定确认为夜蛾黑卵蜂Telenomus remus。为验证该蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生效能,本研究以草地贪夜蛾卵为主要研究材料,以斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura卵为对照,统计了夜蛾黑卵蜂对这两种寄主卵的卵粒寄生率、单卵出蜂数、雄性比和个体大小等指标。结果显示,夜蛾黑卵蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵和斜纹夜蛾卵的卵粒寄生率均可达到95%以上。与斜纹夜蛾卵相比,草地贪夜蛾卵育出的子代蜂个体较大,但单卵出蜂数相对较低。结果说明夜蛾黑卵蜂是草地贪夜蛾潜在的高效生防作用物,斜纹夜蛾卵可以作为替代寄主用于繁育夜蛾黑卵蜂。本研究将为我国利用夜蛾黑卵蜂防治草地贪夜蛾提供重要参考。 相似文献
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斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒对宿主实验种群增长的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
在室内自然变温条件下,应用生命表方法评价了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒对宿主实验种群增长的影响。结果表明,该病毒对斜纹夜蛾实验种群有明显的控制作用:①随着病毒接种浓度的升高,幼虫病死速率加快;②宿主感染病毒后,存活率、化蛹率降低,5、6龄幼虫历期明显延长,残存蛹羽化所得雌虫产卵量下降,当饲毒浓度达1.09×10~5PIBs/ml时,雌虫产卵量和产卵历期与对照差异显著(P<0.05),但病毒组各处理间无显著差异;③病毒能显著降低种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)值。各病毒组与对照的Ⅰ值差异极显著(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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Infectivity of Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltMNPV) was compared between before (P0) and after (P1–P4) passage in subsequent generations through the gut of Eocanthecona furcellata. Viable virus was detected in E. furcellata feces up to 6 days after feeding on infected S. litura larvae. NPV mortality ranged between 93% and 10% when test larvae were exposed to polyhedra voided in feces collected after 1 and 6 days post-infected meal, respectively. The mean number of polyhedral occlusion bodies (POBs) in excreta and their infectivity (%) at all passages did not vary significantly. The comparison of observed LD50 and ST50 values among all passages did not reveal significant differences owing to their overlapping confidence limits. The gut-passed virus did not show a detrimental effect on survival rate, longevity, fecundity and percent egg hatchability of E. furcellata in the subsequent three generations. A field trial was also conducted to estimate virus dissemination through feces of predators that were fed upon prey infected with polyhedra before passage, after passage and healthy (control) prey and subsequently released on cabbage plants. An additional viral mortality up to the magnitude of 13–17% was noticed in the former two treatments. However, within these two treatments the viral mortality did not vary significantly. It was concluded that E. furcellata disseminated the virus through their feces into the ecosystem without any adverse effect to it and infectivity of the SpltMNPV is not altered after passage through the gut of the predator. 相似文献
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斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲种群系统控制研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
将斯氏线虫作为一个生物控制因子引入黄曲条跳甲种群系统中,把斯氏线虫对该跳甲各虫期的感染率作为量化指标,应用种群发展趋势指数(I)和干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)分析方法,评价斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲自然种群的控制作用。结果表明,十字花科蔬菜田中每hm~2施用7×10~9条斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲种群有明显控制作用,对照区的种群趋势指数为12.9,处理区的种群趋势指数下降为2.39。斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲种群干扰作用控制指数为0.2,即线虫处理区的下代跳甲种群密度将是对照区的0.2倍。 相似文献
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The effects of azadirachtin (AZA) and nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) on midgut enzyme activity in Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Tobacco cutworm) were evaluated. Gut enzyme activities were decreased by AZA and NPV individually and in combination. When S. litura larvae were fed a diet of castor leaves treated with AZA and NPV in bioassays, gut enzyme—acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase—activities were decreased. There were statistically significant differences (P ? 0.05) in enzyme activities between combined and individual treatment. A synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and virus was found when combined in low doses. These effects are most pronounced in early instars. Maximum weight loss (59-72%) occurred, when AZA and NPV were combined. 相似文献
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新型杀虫剂氯氟氰虫酰胺对不同鳞翅目害虫的毒力和田间防效 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
氯氟氰虫酰胺(ZJ4042){3-氯-N1-(2-甲基-4-七氟异丙基苯基)-N2-(1-甲基-1-氰基乙基)邻苯二甲酰胺}是由浙江省化工研究院有限公司自主开发的邻苯二甲酰胺类新型杀虫剂。采用浸渍法测定了氯氟氰虫酰胺对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua、斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura和二化螟Chilo suppressalis的室内杀虫毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:氯氟氰虫酰胺对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾和二化螟的LC50值分别为0.046、0.072、0.071和1.95 mg/L,与氟虫双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺的杀虫毒力相当。在田间用20%氯氟氰虫酰胺悬浮剂处理(有效剂量30 g/hm2),对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾及菜青虫Pieris rapae药后7 d的防效为90.1%～96.3%;对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis药后15 d的防效为82.9%～90.5%;在试验剂量下,未观察到其对作物产生药害。 相似文献
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K. ShankarganeshSuresh Walia Swaran Dhingra B. SubrahmanyamS. Ramesh Babu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):86-90
Resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) has been attributed to enhanced detoxification of insecticides by increased levels of esterases, oxidases and/or glutathione S-transferases. Enzyme inhibiting insecticide synergists can be employed to counter increased levels of such enzymes in S. litura. Dihydrodillapiole induced synergism of pyrethroid toxicity was examined in the laboratory-reared third instar larval population of S. litura collected in Delhi (susceptible), and Guntur (resistant) region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Guntur population was found to be 7.04 and 10.19 times resistant to cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and profenophos against susceptible and resistance populations of S. litura, was gradually increased when used along with a plant-derived insecticide synergist dihydrodillapiole. The α-naphthyl acetate hydrolysable esterase activity in Delhi population was less as compared to the Guntur population. Resistance associated esterases in Delhi population were inhibited by pre-treatment with dihydrodillapiole. The esterase level in insect was instantly reduced initially, sustained for about 3 h and equilibrated at 4 h post treatment. The esterase activity of Guntur population was increased to 1.28 μmoles/mg/min at 2 h post treatment and subsequently reduced to lower than 0.70 μmoles at 4-12 h post treatment. The variation in esterase activity is suggestive of its homeostatic regulation in test populations. Dihydrodillapiole thus caused significant reduction of resistance in S. litura to cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and profenophos. 相似文献
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Naeem AbbasSarfraz Ali Shad Muhammad Razaq 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(3):181-188
Imidacloprid has been used as a key insecticide for controlling sucking insect pests of cotton, whereas Spodoptera litura also has been indirectly exposed to this insecticide in Pakistan. To evaluate the risk of resistance evolution and to develop a better resistance management strategy, a field collected population was selected with imidacloprid in the laboratory. Thereafter, fitness cost, realized heritability and cross resistance of imidacloprid resistance in S. litura were investigated. After 14 generations of selection with imidacloprid, S. litura developed a 137.48-fold resistance to the insecticide. Bioassay revealed that this strain showed cross-resistance to acetamiprid (RR 8.52) and a little to lamdacyhalothrin (1.92) but negative cross-resistance was found to methomyl (−0.19). The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.38, with substantially lower rates of larval survival, larval duration, male pupal duration, development time, emergence rate of healthy adults, fecundity, hatchability, and prolonged larval and pupal duration. Mean relative growth rate of the larvae, intrinsic rate of population increase, and biotic potential was lower for the selected populations. The estimated realized heritability (h2) of imidacloprid resistance was 0.15 in the resistant strain of S. litura. Development of the resistance may cost significant fitness for the resistant population. This study provided valuable information for further understanding the impact of imidacloprid resistance on physiological parameters of S. litura and for facilitating the development of resistance management strategies. 相似文献
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转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对棉铃虫的控制效果及对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾生长发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评估转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的抗性及对非靶标害虫甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua和斜纹夜蛾S.litura生长发育的影响,采用室内生测法测定其对棉铃虫的抗性及对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫存活率、营养代谢及中肠酶活性的影响。结果表明,转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对棉铃虫第2代幼虫的抗性程度最高,幼虫校正死亡率达91.33%,但对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的抗性程度较低,幼虫校正死亡率分别为15.33%和13.33%。甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾各龄期幼虫取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花后,其存活率与取食常规棉花对照无显著差异;甜菜夜蛾对转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花叶片的相对取食量、近似消化率分别为16.68和93.12%,均高于取食常规棉花对照的10.72和92.00%,但差异不显著,而斜纹夜蛾取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花后的各项营养指标均低于取食常规棉花对照,差异也不显著。取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花后,甜菜夜蛾的过氧化物酶活性为0.02 U/mg prot,显著低于取食常规棉花的0.05 U/mg prot;斜纹夜蛾的酸性磷酸酶活性为0.15 U/mg prot,高于取食常规棉花的0.10 U/mg prot,但差异不显著,其它中肠酶活性均低于对照,亦无显著差异。 相似文献
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The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Fabricius), is a polyphagous pest which has developed physiological resistance against a number of known insecticides. In order to reduce the load of synthetic insecticides, ecofriendly alternative strategies are needed. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium uredinicola isolated from Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) on S. litura. Development of S. litura was significantly prolonged when larvae were fed on diet amended with ethyl acetate extract of C. uredinicola at concentrations of 1.25–2.00 μl?g?1. The negative effects of fungal toxin on development of S. litura further resulted in a significant reduction in adult emergence, longevity and reproductive potential at higher concentrations. A significantly higher number of adults showed morphological deformities when larvae were fed on diet amended with 2.00 μl?g?1 concentration. The inhibitory effects on growth and development of S. litura indicate toxicity of ethyl acetate extract of C. uredinicola, which is further evidenced by reduced food utilization by larvae. The antifeedant and toxic effects of ethyl acetate extract of C. uredinicola observed in the present studies can be attributed to a bioactive compound produced by the fungus, so this study provides evidence that C. uredinicola isolated from T. cordifolia possesses anti-insect properties and may play an important role in protecting plants against insect pests. 相似文献