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1.
A retrospective histopathologic study of primary glaucoma in the Norwegian Elkhound was undertaken with the study of 9 clinically normal eyes and 22 glaucomatous eyes. All glaucomatous eyes showed goniodysgenesis as manifested by pectinate ligament dysplasia and/or trabecular meshwork dysplasia. Cystic degeneration of the iridociliary epithelial and/or peripheral retina was present in a high percentage of both normotensive and glaucomatous eyes. Utilizing the scheme proposed by Smith et al. (Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology 1993; 3: 16-28) the morphology of this disease in the Norwegian Elkhound would be classified as an open-angle, closed-cleft glaucoma, with histopathologic alterations of the outflow pathway similar to that described in other breeds with primary glaucoma. 相似文献
2.
Kato K Sasaki N Matsunaga S Mochizuki M Nishimura R Ogawa H 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2006,9(2):71-75
The purpose of the study was to describe the shape of the pectinate ligament (PL) and to estimate the width of the iridocorneal angle (ICA) in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eye of Shiba Inu dogs in Japan. One hundred fourteen Shiba Inu dogs were presented to the Veterinary Medical Center at the University of Tokyo between June 1998 and June 2003. Among these, 46 dogs had glaucoma; the remaining 68 dogs were presented for routine vaccinations or heartworm testing and were used as a control population. Complete ophthalmic examination and gonioscopy were performed in all the dogs. PL and ICA were evaluated by gonioscopy and goniophotographs. Of the 46 dogs with glaucoma, 17 (37%) were affected bilaterally, and 29 (63%) were affected unilaterally. Of the 29 dogs with unilateral glaucoma, the ICA of the normotensive eye was slightly narrow in 2 eyes (7%), narrow in 12 eyes (41%), and closed in 15 eyes (52%). Among the normotensive control group, the ICA was open in 13 dogs (19%), slightly narrow in 29 (43%), narrow in 22 (32%), and closed in 4 (6%). In dogs with narrow and slightly narrow ICAs, the PLs were thickened, and in some cases, formed a solid sheet. The majority of dogs with glaucoma had changes in both ICA and PL. A narrow or slightly narrow ICA was also detected in the majority of normotensive control dogs. This study suggests that ICA narrowing and PL thickening is a common abnormality in Shiba Inu dogs in Japan and may predispose those dogs to glaucoma. 相似文献
3.
K G Braund H S Steinberg A Shores J E Steiss J R Mehta M Toivio-Kinnucan K A Amling 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(12):1735-1740
Six dogs with laryngeal paralysis had clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic evidence of a more generalized polyneuropathy. Three of the dogs were young Dalmatians, one was a young Bouvier des Flandres, and two were older, large-breed dogs. The results of this study suggest that laryngeal paralysis in dogs may frequently be one clinical sign of an underlying, more generalized polyneuropathy. Two forms of this generalized polyneuropathy may exist: an early form, as seen in young dogs with congenital or hereditary disease, and a delayed-onset form that is usually found in older dogs with so-called idiopathic laryngeal paralysis, some of which may have hypothyroidism. 相似文献
4.
House A 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(2):88-89
A five-year-old male Bouvier des Flandres was presented with chronic otalgia of approximately four and a half years' duration. Atresia of the external acoustic meatus was diagnosed. A total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy were performed. All symptoms of otalgia resolved within two weeks of surgery. 相似文献
5.
Kato K Sasaki N Matsunaga S Nishimura R Ogawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):853-858
The incidence of primary and secondary glaucoma in dogs was investigated. A total of 1244 dogs received ophthalmologic examinations, including tonometry and gonioscopy. Goniophotographs were taken using a goniolens to evaluate the iridocorneal angle (ICA) as well as pectinate ligament (PL). The anterior width of the ciliary cleft and the total distance from the origin of the PL to the anterior corneal surface were measured from the goniophotographs. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on the cupping of the optic nerve head, clinical signs, ocular changes, and high IOP, and it was synchronized with gonioscopic grades to differentiate between primary and secondary glaucoma. We investigated 1244 dogs of 29 breeds, including the mixed breed; among these, glaucoma was diagnosed in 127 dogs (162 eyes). Of 162 eyes, primary glaucoma was diagnosed in 129 eyes and secondary glaucoma in 33 eyes. Shiba Inu dogs (42 dogs, 33%) showed the highest incidence of glaucoma, followed by Shih-Tzu (21 dogs, 16.5%). Furthermore, all the glaucomatous Shiba Inu dogs had primary glaucoma with abnormal ICA grades and dysplastic PLs. The findings of our study reveal that the Shiba Inu breed in Japan may have a hereditary predisposition to glaucoma. 相似文献
6.
Summary Since purebred dog populations represent closed gene pools, a relatively high level of consanguinity between individuals, and hence of inbreeding, is common. This case control study was conducted to establish the possible connection between the actual level of homozygosity due to inbreeding and specific diseases (flea allergy, osteochondrosis, laryngeal paralysis, neoplasm, autoimmune disease, hypoplastic trachea, and food allergy) occurring in the Bouvier Belge des Flandres breed. One hundred and sixty‐eight animals referred to the Utrecht University Clinic formed the patient group. Each of the seven diseases was chosen because of the demonstrability of the diagnosis. Each animal was chosen because one of the selected diseases was established in that individual, and because its pedigree was complete. All dogs of the patient group were born between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1985. A control group (n=123) was randomly chosen from the total population of registered Bouviers born in the Netherlands in the same period Pedigree data were obtained from the Dutch Kennel Club. The extent of inbreeding was determined for all animals using Wright's inbreeding coefficient. The distribution of inbreeding coefficients in each patient group was compared with the distribution in controls. Inbreeding coefficients in the control group ranged from 0.0 to 0.406. Animals in which osteochondrosis, food allergy, autoimmune disease, neoplasm, or hypoplastic trachea was diagnosed had higher inbreeding coefficients than controls. It was concluded that in the Bouvier Belge des Flandres dog population examined, the level of homozygosity was positively correlated with occurrence of these diseases. 相似文献
7.
Since purebred dog populations represent closed gene pools, a relatively high level of consanguinity between individuals, and hence of inbreeding, is common. This case control study was conducted to establish the possible connection between the actual level of homozygosity due to inbreeding and specific diseases (flea allergy, osteochondrosis, laryngeal paralysis, neoplasm, autoimmune disease, hypoplastic trachea, and food allergy) occurring in the Bouvier Belge des Flandres breed. One hundred and sixty-eight animals referred to the Utrecht University Clinic formed the patient group. Each of the seven diseases was chosen because of the demonstrability of the diagnosis. Each animal was chosen because one of the selected diseases was established in that individual, and because its pedigree was complete. All dogs of the patient group were born between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1985. A control group (n = 123) was randomly chosen from the total population of registered Bouviers born in the Netherlands in the same period. pedigree data were obtained from the Dutch Kennel Club. The extent of inbreeding was determined for all animals using Wright's inbreeding coefficient. The distribution of inbreeding coefficients in each patient group was compared with the distribution in controls. Inbreeding coefficients in the control group ranged from 0.0 to 0.406. Animals in which osteochondrosis, food allergy, autoimmune disease, neoplasm, or hypoplastic trachea was diagnosed had higher inbreeding coefficients than controls. It was concluded that in the Bouvier Belge des Flandres dog population examined, the level of homozygosity was positively correlated with occurrence of these diseases. 相似文献
8.
Kubai MA Bentley E Miller PE Mutti DO Murphy CJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(7):946-951
OBJECTIVE: To assess the refractive state of eyes in various breeds of dogs to identify breeds susceptible to ametropias. ANIMALS: 1,440 dogs representing 90 breeds. PROCEDURES: In each dog, 1 drop of 1% cyclopentolate or 1% tropicamide was applied to each eye, and a Canine Eye Registration Foundation examination was performed. Approximately 30 minutes after drops were administered, the refractive state of each eye was assessed via streak retinoscopy. Dogs were considered ametropic (myopic or hyperopic) when the mean refractive state (the resting focus of the eye at rest relative to visual infinity) exceeded +/- 0.5 diopter (D). Anisometropia was diagnosed when the refractive error of each eye in a pair differed by > 1 D. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD refractive state of all eyes examined was -0.05 +/- 1.36 D (emmetropia). Breeds in which the mean refractive state was myopic (< or = -0.5 D) included Rottweiler, Collie, Miniature Schnauzer, and Toy Poodle. Degree of myopia increased with increasing age across all breeds. Breeds in which the mean refractive state was hyperopic (> or = +0.5 D) included Australian Shepherd, Alaskan Malamute, and Bouvier des Flandres. Astigmatism was detected in 1% (14/1,440) of adult (> or = 1 year of age) dogs; prevalence of astigmatism among German Shepherd Dogs was 3.3% (3/90). Anisometropia was detected in 6% (87/1,440) of all dogs and in 8.9% (8/90) of German Shepherd Dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Refractive states of canine eyes varied widely and were influenced by breed and age. In dogs expected to have high visual function (eg, performance dogs), determination of refractive state is recommended prior to intensive training. 相似文献
9.
Correlation of morphologic features of the iridocorneal angle to intraocular pressure in Samoyeds. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The iridocorneal angle of the left eye was investigated in 203 Samoyeds. Comparison was made of judgements of the width of the anterior opening of the ciliary cleft when performing gonioscopy with an objective method of estimation based on measurements on goniophotographs. Results indicated high degree of correlation. Various degrees of narrowness of the iridocorneal angle width were revealed and clinical glaucoma with total-angle closure was found in 6 of 203 dogs. The intraocular pressure was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in eyes with closed iridocorneal angles than in eyes with any other width of the angle. Appearance of the structures of the iridocorneal angle, particularly the pigment bands, indicated extensive individual variation. In approximately 25% of the eyes, dysplasia of the pectinate ligaments of variable degree existed, indicating that this anomaly is common in the Samoyed breed. Significant difference was not evident in intraocular pressure in eyes with different degrees of dysplasia of the pectinate ligaments. 相似文献
10.
Takashi HASEGAWA Manabu KAWATA Mitsuharu OTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1625-1631
By using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), the cross-sectional structures of the entire
iridocorneal angle (ICA) which are unable to assess with gonioscopic examination were
evaluated objectively and quantitatively in live healthy and glaucomatous dogs. The ICAs
of normotensive eyes in healthy dogs with normal open angle (NOR), a predisposition to
primary closed angle glaucoma (PCAG) (PREDIS) and suffering from unilateral PCAG (UNI), as
well as the ICAs of hypertensive eyes with acute and chronic PCAG (ACG and CRG), were
assessed. The opening of the ciliary cleft in PREDIS was smaller than that in NOR. In UNI,
the opening and area of the ciliary cleft were significantly decreased compared with those
of NOR and PREDIS. ACG had widespread structural abnormalities including marked decrease
in the ciliary cleft and scleral venous plexus, and a thinner sclera than those in
normotensive eyes, whereas the ICA collapsed in CRG with the thinnest sclera. Medical
therapy-responsive glaucomatous cases had wider ciliary cleft and scleral venous plexus
than unresponsive ones. These findings suggest that the ciliary cleft and scleral venous
plexus of the ICA are key structures contributing to not only the pathophysiology of
canine glaucoma but also the responsiveness to medical therapy in glaucomatous eyes, and
cross-sectional entire structures of the ICA should be evaluated quantitatively with UBM
when diagnosing and managing canine glaucoma. 相似文献
11.
Effect of hyaluronidase on aqueous outflow resistance in normotensive and glaucomatous eyes of dogs.
The anterior chambers in 16 dogs with normotensive eyes and 3 Beagles with glaucomatous eyes were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 IU of bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Aqueous outflow resistance was then determined by constant-pressure perfusion of 0.9% NaCl solution for 30 or 60 minutes. In normotensive eyes, 25, 50, or 100 IU of hyaluronidase significantly (P less than 0.02) increased the rate of constant-pressure perfusion compared with that of untreated eyes during 30- or 60-minute perfusions. Treatment of glaucomatous eyes with 25, 50, or 100 IU of hyaluronidase did not significantly increase the rate of constant-pressure perfusion over controls during a 30-minute perfusion. Bovine testicular hyaluronidase at all doses removed the staining of colloidal iron from the trabecular meshwork in normotensive eyes. In Beagles with glaucoma, the trabecular meshworks remained stained with colloidal iron when treated with the hyaluronidase, which suggested that some glycosaminoglycans were resistant to this enzyme's action. 相似文献
12.
Inclusions of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, amylase resistant material were found within skeletal muscle fibers adjacent to an osteosarcoma in the proximal femur of an 8-year-old intact female Cocker Spaniel dog (dog No. 1) and adjacent to a synovial cell sarcoma of the stifle joint in a 7-year-old spayed female Bouvier des Flandres dog (dog No. 2). Inclusions were pale blue-gray with hematoxylin and eosin stain and formed irregular inclusions, replacing up to approximately 80% of the fiber diameter. Inclusions from dog No. 2 were of non-membrane-bound granular to filamentous material that occasionally formed discrete, elongate electron-dense masses. The features of these inclusions were similar to those of materials previously described as complex polysaccharide, polyglucosan bodies, amylopectin, and Lafora bodies. Evidence for a generalized metabolic disorder was not found in these two dogs, suggesting that storage of complex polysaccharide can occur as a relatively nonspecific response to metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle in a variety of conditions. 相似文献
13.
K P Barrie G G Gum D A Samuelson K N Gelatt 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(1):84-88
In uveoscleral outflow, aqueous humor leaves the anterior chamber and passes caudally through the trabecular meshwork and the sclerociliary cleft to enter the supraciliary and suprachoroidal spaces. The fluid is then absorbed by choroidal and scleral circulations. Using 3H-labeled dextran, uveoscleral outflow was quantitated in normotensive and glaucomatous Beagles under general anesthesia. The intrascleral plexus was isolated and 3H-labeled dextran was injected into the anterior chamber. Intrascleral plexus contents were sampled every 5 minutes over a 30- to 60-minute period. The eyes were enucleated, sectioned, and prepared for scintillation counting. Uveoscleral outflow accounted for 15% and 3% of the total aqueous humor outflow in the normotensive dogs and in the advanced glaucomatous dogs, respectively. In the advanced glaucomatous Beagle, conventional and uveoscleral outflow pathways were reduced and contributed to the etiopathogenesis of glaucoma. 相似文献
14.
Differences in five purebred dog populations born in 1994 in the Netherlands were evaluated using different parameters. Numerically, the Golden Retriever was the largest breed (840 litters of 234 sires) and the Kooiker Dog (101 litters of 41 sires) the smallest. The litter per sire ratio was largest in the Bernese Mountain Dog (4.59) and lowest in the Kooiker Dog (2.46). The mean relatedness and the actual mean level of inbreeding in the studied generations were 0.102 and 0.056 respectively for the Bernese Mountain Dog, 0.041 and 0.046 for the Bouvier des Flandres, 0.087 and 0.061 for the Boxer, 0.020 and 0.018 for the Golden Retriever, and 0.146 and 0.070 for the Kooiker Dog. Quantification and visualization of population parameters for purebred dogs will facilitate the comparison of breeds and the comparison of breeds in different periods or countries. It appears unlikely that the increase in inbreeding is a major determinant of the possible increase in the frequency of genetic diseases. 相似文献
15.
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate if tonometry and gonioscopy could serve as predictors of later glaucoma development in the English Springer Spaniel, a breed prone to developing primary glaucoma. Animals studied Gonioscopy was performed on 279 English Springer Spaniel dogs, 119 males and 160 females, with clinically normal eyes. In addition, 14 dogs, five males and nine females were examined for glaucoma. Results A positive relation between pectinate ligament dysplasia (PLD) and narrowing of the relative width of the ciliary cleft (RWOCC) and also between PLD, RWOCC and age was demonstrated. The prevalence of PLD was 25.5%, which is higher than in other breeds reported. A positive association was demonstrated between PLD and glaucoma, as well as between narrowing of the RWOCC and glaucoma. Glaucoma was not observed in dogs with normal appearance of the iridocorneal angle. English Springer Spaniels related to dogs with glaucoma show more narrowing of the RWOCC and more PLD than unrelated dogs. Conclusion This study demonstrates the positive association between PLD and glaucoma, between narrowing of the iridocorneal angle and glaucoma and the effect of age on the iridocorneal angle. Mating of dogs with normal iridocorneal angles appears to reduce the presence and degree of abnormal appearance of the iridocorneal angle in the offspring. However, breeding only dogs with normal iridocorneal angles without consideration of their relationship to dogs with glaucoma is not a guarantee for preventing glaucoma in the offspring. 相似文献
16.
Difruscia R Perrone MA Bonneau NH Breton L 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(2):150-154
Pericardial effusion and congestive heart failure occurred in a ten-year-old male Bouvier des Flandres dog. Signs included weakness, exercise intolerance and ascites. Echocardiography identified a heart base mass as a possible cause of the pericardial effusion. A large quantity (650 mL) of bloody fluid was removed by pericardiocentesis and was characterized at cytology as a nonseptic sanguineous exudate. There was no cytological evidence of neoplasia in the effusate. Pericardiocentesis caused dramatic clinical improvement and resolution of the signs of congestive heart failure. Surgical excision was attempted but the mass could not be resected since it invaded the entire dorsal wall of the right atrium as well as part of the aortic root. The cellular origin of the heartbase tumor could not be determined. 相似文献
17.
INGRID VAN DER GAAG R. P. HAPPE W. Th. C. WOLVEKAMP 《The Journal of small animal practice》1983,24(9):575-581
A 2-year-old male Bouvier de Flandres was admitted because of muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea of three weeks duration. Radiographic examination revealed signs of gastrointestinal perforation with peritonitis and ileus. Laparotomy revealed a severely changed intestine with longitudinal ruptures of the external part of the wall, and jejunal perforation causing an acute peritonitis. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. A diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis and lymphadenitis were found at autopsy with granulomatous lesions in the oesophagus, stomach and intestines. 相似文献
18.
K N Gelatt G G Gum D A Samuelson R M Mandelkorn K W Olander T J Zimmerman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,191(11):1404-1409
The Krupin-Denver valve was implanted unilaterally in 2 normotensive and in 6 glaucomatous Beagles. The fellow eye of each dog had an external trabeculectomy. Before and after surgery, all dogs were evaluated serially by gonioscopy, biomicroscopy, tonometry, and tonography. The valve implant remained patent in 2 normotensive and in 2 glaucomatous Beagles throughout the 12 months of observation. Valve function was lost in 4 glaucomatous Beagles 4 to 6 weeks (3 dogs) and 6 months (1 dog) after implantation. Light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic evaluations of early loss of implant function revealed occlusion of the lumen and/or valve mechanism by inflammatory debris and cells. The late loss of valve function was related to chronic inflammatory response and fibrosis about the valve mechanism and tubing within the sclera. 相似文献
19.
Tonje Seim-Wikse Einar J?rundsson Ane N?dtvedt Tom Grotmol Charlotte R Bjornvad Annemarie T Kristensen Ellen Skancke 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):25
Background
Previous research has indicated a breed predisposition to gastric carcinoma in dogs. However, results to date are inconsistent since several studies have failed to prove such a predisposition. Better knowledge of breeds at risk could facilitate early detection of gastric carcinoma in dogs. The aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the proportion and possible breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma using the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register for calculations of proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) for the period 1998–2009.Results
Histologically verified tumours recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register were studied (n = 19,715). A total of 31 (0.16%) cases of canine gastric carcinomas were identified. The median age of affected dogs was 10 years. The most commonly reported clinical signs were vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Males had significantly higher odds of gastric carcinoma than females (P = 0.02). The PMR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each breed, and a breed predisposition was identified. Individuals of the breeds Tervuren (PMR 56.1), Bouvier des Flandres (PMR 36.5), Groenendael (PMR 34.5), Collie (PMR 26.1), Standard poodle (PMR 7.6), and Norwegian elkhound (PMR 6.1) had a significantly increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma.Discussion and conclusion
The proportion of cases of gastric carcinoma recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register was found to be 0.16%, and a breed predisposition was identified. The breed predisposition observed in the current study indicates a genetic susceptibility to gastric carcinoma. 相似文献20.
Nagata N Yuki M Hasegawa T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1585-1589
Intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluated by applanation tonometry via TONO-PEN XL (TP), and rebound tonometry via TonoVet (TV) were compared in enucleated canine eyes with varied pressure of the anterior chamber (AC) and in clinical cases. TV measured IOP values were lower than IOP measurements of TP in the enucleated eyes with 5-10 mmHg of AC (P<0.0001), though there was no significant difference in IOP values obtained with TP and TV on the pressure ranges of 15-20 mmHg. However, TP detected IOP values were lower than IOP measurements of TV in the eyes with over 25 mmHg of AC (P<0.0001). The results of clinical cases were similar to the enucleated eye model. There was no significant difference in IOP values obtained from TP and TV in dogs with normotensive eyes. IOP measurements of TP were lower than those of TV in glaucomatous eyes (P<0.0001). TV was a reliable tonometer for measurement of IOP in hypertensive eyes, whereas it was less accurate than TP in hypotensive eyes. The characteristics of TP and TV should be considered in the evaluation of IOP in practice. 相似文献