共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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论中国水稻生产能力 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
发展水稻生产是确保我国粮食安全的关键。为了解我国水稻的生产能力,分析测算了我国水稻生产的现实生产力、现实生产能力和潜在生产能力,探讨了我国水稻单产徘徊的原因,提出了提高水稻生产能力的科技对策。研究结果表明,我国水稻现实生产能力和潜在生产能力分别可达2.2618亿t和25390亿t,分别比现实生产力高3 428万t和6 200万t。为进一步提高我国水稻生产能力,必须加强中低产田改造,提高耕地质量;培育和推广超级稻,形成以广适应性超级稻品种为主导的品种结构;优化栽培技术,构建以轻简技术为核心的节本高效生产技术体系;强化技术推广,缩小产量差异,切实提高科技对水稻生产能力提升的支撑能力。 相似文献
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Practices and Prospects of Super Hybrid Rice Breeding 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
CHEN Li-yun XIAO Ying-hui TANG Wen-bang LEI Dong-yang 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):71-77
The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors’ experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P)GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P)GMS line C815S as the female parent. 相似文献
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推广超级稻提高粮食生产水平 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
从超级稻试验示范实践所显示的显著增产潜力出发,论述了推广超级稻的必要性和可行性,并针对超级稻的生长特点,提出了推广超级稻的对策和措施. 相似文献
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超级杂交稻育种三步法设想与实践 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
介绍了国内外水稻超高产育种的基本情况,提出了当前我国水稻超高产育种面临的新问题,即超级稻品种资源匮乏、部分超级杂交稻组合适应性较差、超高产水稻育种理论过于模式化等。针对当前形势,结合多年育种实践,提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线。超级亲本要求综合性状优良,产量水平或库容量达到或基本达到各级区试对照杂交稻组合的水平。超级杂交稻组合的标准是品质优、适应性广、耐肥抗倒、对主要病虫害达中抗以上水平,产量水平较国家或省区试中对照增产8%左右。其选育的技术路线是通过双亲最佳组配方式,增加选择压力,注重理想株型和优良生理机能及其各性状间的高度协调。超级杂交制种产量水平根据不育系的类型来确定,其中早稻类型不育系杂交制种产量要求大面积达到3.75 t/hm2以上,中稻类型的不育系要求达到5.25 t/hm2以上。其技术路线是通过选择最佳的制种基地,选用库容量大和异交结实特性好的不育系,通过超大行比与超常规培育父本措施提高父本的花粉量,从而提高制种产量。按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出几个增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合。 相似文献
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关于安徽水稻产业提升几项关键技术问题的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
围绕安徽省“十一五”期间在全省实施的水稻产业提升行动的任务与目标,根据安徽省稻作研究和生产实际,论述了优化稻作布局与种植技术;推广以超级稻为主的高产品种及配套栽培技术以主攻单产;推广旱育壮秧、免(少)耕、抛秧、直播、机插秧及避(减)灾技术以节本增效;推广优质安全生产技术以提升品质,增强市场竞争力等关键技术环节。 相似文献
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北方超级粳稻育种研究进展与前景 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
从育种理论、育种技术及新品种选育等方面,综合评述了中国北方超级粳稻育种研究的进展与前景,认为培育和推广超级稻是继株型育种和杂交稻之后,提高北方粳稻综合生产能力,实现北方水稻生产跨越式发展的重要途径。在“利用籼粳稻杂交创造新株型和强优势,通过回交或复交优化性状组配,聚合有利基因,进而选育理想株型与优势利用相结合的超级稻”育种理论与技术路线确立之后,常规超级梗稻育种已取得了重大突破,成功地培育出一批优质抗病的超级稻新品种并已广泛应用于生产。与常规超级稻育种相比,超级杂交粳稻育种研究进展相对较缓慢。这一方面是由于北方气候与生态条件的限制,另一方面是育种技术研究相对落后。解决优势与生育期的矛盾、产量与品质的矛盾以及提高制种产量等问题,仍然是北方超级杂交粳稻育种所面临的严峻挑战。讨论了与超级粳稻育种有关的生理和遗传问题。 相似文献
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WU Wen-ge ZHANG Hong-cheng QIAN Ying-fei CHENG Ye WU Gui-cheng ZHAI Chao-qun DAI Qi-gen 《水稻科学》2008,15(2):110-118
Six middle-season indica hybrid rice combinations,including five super hybrid rice combinations with the high yield about 10.5 t/ha and a check hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63 with a yield potential about 9.5 t/ha,were used as materials to study the dry matter production characteristics.The super hybrid rice showed a high ability in dry matter production and accumulation and its yield enhanced with the increase of dry matter accumulation.The advantage period of dry matter production in the super hybrid rice was mainly at the middle and late growth stages compared with the check.The grain yield had no significant correlation with the dry matter accumulation before the elongation stage while had a significantly positive correlation with the dry matter accumulation from the elongation to maturity stages in super hybrid rice.There were more dry matter in vegetative organs at the heading stage in the super hybrid rice but its contribution to yield (apparent conversion percentage) was averagely 4.3 percent points lower than that in the check.For crop growth rate (CGR),the comparative advantage of super hybrid rice was at the middle and late stages,especially after flowering.Moreover,as the rising of leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD),CGR enhanced.The total LAD and the mean of LAD per day of super hybrid rice was about 14.79% and 10.31% higher than those of the check,respectively.The results indicate that the high yield of super hybrid rice mostly comes from the products of photosynthesis after heading,which is shown by the increased CGR at middle and later stages.It is suggested that LAD character might be used to better explain the advantage in the dry matter production of super hybrid rice than LAI. 相似文献
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籼粳杂交水稻榆杂29的选育与应用研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
滇型籼粳杂交水稻榆杂２９是用滇榆１号不育系（籼粳交偏梗型）与恢复系南２９组配 成的，具有丰产性好、抗逆性较强、适应性广的特点，１９９５年通过云南省农作物品种审定。介绍了该组合的选育经过、特征特性、栽培及繁殖制种配套技术。 相似文献