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1.
对采自不同产地和单株的牛奶子的果实性状、氨基酸含量、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、Vc以及微量元素进行了分析.牛奶子浆果平均鲜质量0.13 g,变幅0.07～0.15 g.鲜果平均果肉率75.01%.6个单株的17种氨基酸总含量在146.596～179.634 mg·g-1之间,平均总含量为167.839 mg·g-1.其中谷氨酸含量最高,占氨基酸总含量的18.07%;其次精氨酸(11.66%)及天冬氨酸含量(10.78%),甲硫氨酸最低(0.84%),其余氨基酸均在7.00%以下.3个单株的番茄红素含量,最高的为342.000 mg·kg-1,最低为78.000 mg·kg-1,两者相差3.38倍,其含量是番茄的2.6～11.4倍.β-胡萝卜素平均含量为6.480 mg·kg-1,可溶性糖平均含量7.312 mg·kg-1,可滴定酸平均含量3.240 mg·g-1.Vc的平均含量为0.049 mg·g-1.Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为97.881、77.553、23.384、12.129 mg·kg-1.K、Ca平均含量分别为11.190、3.720 mg·g-1. 相似文献
2.
肥须亚麻蝇(PC)和巨尾阿丽蝇(AG)幼虫的干物质中蛋白质含量高于60%,成虫干物质中蛋白质含量高于70%。幼虫、成虫必需氨基酸总的含量[g·(100g)-1蛋白质]在46~59之间,均高于FAO/WHO的标准模式35;幼虫、成虫必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量的比值均大于40%的标准模式。在必需氨基酸中,除缬氨酸、蛋氨酸 胱氨酸含量低于优质蛋白模式外,其余均高于标准模式。幼虫的脂肪含量为20%左右,成虫的脂肪含量不到10%,成虫、幼虫不饱和脂肪酸含量均达脂肪酸总量的70%以上。必需脂肪酸均为亚油酸,幼虫亚油酸含量高于40%,成虫亚油酸含量仅为17%左右。PC和AG幼虫中Fe、Zn的含量分别是Fe684、664μg·g-1,Zn170·5、158·0μg·g-1。幼虫Ca含量相当于优质大豆,分别为0·46%、0·48%;P含量高于一般奶粉,分别为0·57%、0·54%。PC、AG幼虫的Ca、P比值分别为0·81、0·89,均高于0·5的理想值。 相似文献
3.
对比分析不同优势群落冠层叶片的化学计量特征,为深入认识海南省文昌清澜港红树林优势群落冠层叶片的C、N、P生态化学计量,对热带海岸生态脆弱区森林可持续性研究至关重要。该研究通过测定海莲（尖瓣海莲）、榄李（红榄李）和红树3种优势群落中冠层叶片的总碳、总氮、总磷含量,掌握清澜港红树林优势群落冠层叶片的生态化学计量特征。结果显示：（1）3种优势群落冠层叶片总碳、总氮含量均值分别介于362.08g·kg-1～379.50g·kg-1和14.05g·kg-1～15.21g·kg-1之间,均表现为红树>海莲（尖瓣海莲）>榄李（红榄李）;总磷含量均值排序为海莲（尖瓣海桑）（1.27g·kg-1）>榄李（红榄李）（1.17g·kg-1）>红树（1.16g·kg-1）。（2）3种优势群落冠层叶片的C/N均值介于25.65～27.75之间,表现为榄李（红榄李）>海莲（尖瓣海莲）>红树;C/P均值介于328.01～354.46之间,表现为榄李（红榄李）>红树>海莲（尖瓣海莲）;N/P均值介于12.13～13.73之间,表现为红树>榄李（红榄李）>海莲... 相似文献
4.
锡金龙竹竹笋的营养成分分析与评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对锡金龙竹鲜笋的矿物质、微量元素、蛋白质、粗纤维、总糖和氨基酸的含量进行了分析测定,并与版纳甜龙竹、勃氏甜龙竹、马来甜龙竹和麻竹竹笋以及6种常用蔬菜的相应含量进行了比较.结果表明:锡金龙竹鲜笋的蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维、总糖及二氧化硫含量分别为227.7 g/kg,24.6 g/kg,82.7 g/kg,209.3 g/kg和2.65 g/kg,其蛋白质、粗脂肪含量与4种甜龙竹竹笋相当,蛋白质明显高于常用蔬菜,而粗脂肪含量略低于常用蔬菜.其每kg竹笋干物质中矿质元素和微量元素的含量为:P 9.33 g,Ca 42.33 g,K 367.67 g,Mg14.33 g,Fe 5.0 g,Zn 4.6 g,Cu 1.0 g,Mn 3.8 g, 略低或接近于4种甜龙竹竹笋,但明显高于所有参试的常用蔬菜.其锌铜比值为4.60,锌铁比值为0.92,说明锡金龙竹鲜笋所含的铜、铁、锌的比值是比较合理的.其蛋白质中含有17种氨基酸,包括9种人体必需氨基酸,总氨基酸(TAA)、人体必需氨基酸(EAA)和人体非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的含量分别为182.17 g/kg,54.39 g/kg,78.67 g/kg,都高于所有参试的常用蔬菜,其氨基酸总量略高于4种甜龙竹的竹笋.其所含的人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的29.86 %,人体必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为69.14,符合FAO推荐的理想蛋白模式,其第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸,即蛋氨酸和胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为异亮氨酸.认为,锡金龙竹鲜笋中富含矿质元素、微量元素和氨基酸,其粗蛋白质与粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪含量,属高蛋白、高纤维、低脂型且营养丰富、具有很高开发潜力的野生食用竹笋. 相似文献
5.
西伯利亚杏仁粕营养物质测定与其氨基酸组成评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究西伯利亚杏仁粕的营养成分及其特点,以西伯利亚杏仁粕为试材,分别采用溶剂法、灼烧法、凯氏定氮法等方法对杏仁粕营养成分的含量与组成进行了测定与分析;采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了杏仁粕中氨基酸的组成,并应用氨基酸比值系数法,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对其必需氨基酸的组成进行了评价。测定结果表明:西伯利亚杏仁粕中蛋白质的含量为648.00 mg·g-1,粗脂肪含量为54.00 mg·g-1,粗纤维含量为3.20 mg·g-1,灰分含量为44.00 mg·g-1。西伯利亚杏仁粕中含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总含量为65.86%;西伯利亚杏仁粕中8种人体必需氨基酸的总含量为20.59%,其中谷氨酸含量最高,为8.70%,其必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的含量比为0.45;其药用氨基酸含量高达41.79%。杏仁粕中还含有丰富的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、K、Ca、Mg、P等微量元素和多种维生素,其中维生素E和维生素B2的含量分别为1.39×10-2与0.38×10-3 mg·g-1。其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合食品法典委员会(WHO/FAO)的标准,其氨基酸的比值系数评分(SRC)为76.51。研究结果表明:西伯利亚杏仁粕营养丰富,所含人体必需氨基酸的种类齐全,且配比均衡,是有利于人体氨基酸营养平衡的优质食品原料。 相似文献
6.
对斑苦竹(Arundinaria oleosa)笋的营养成分进行了分析,结果显示:斑苦竹笋中的蛋白质含量高达44.83%,在几种常见的竹笋中含量最高;脂肪含量为3.43%,低于常食竹笋;含有丰富的矿质元素,其中磷含量最高(6 853.50 mg/kg),其次为镁和钙,分别为2 009.14 mg/kg和1 029.25 mg/kg;斑苦竹笋中含有18种氨基酸,总量为384.1 mg/g,其中人体必需氨基酸8种,占氨基酸总量的36.35%。采用氨基酸比值系数法对斑苦竹笋中的蛋白质营养价值进行了评价,氨基酸比值系数分为74.84,其营养价值优于常见蔬菜。 相似文献
7.
《竹子研究汇刊》2018,(4)
采用最新的国际标准方法测定了刚竹属8种笋用竹种鲜竹笋蛋白质、粗纤维、还原糖、灰分等主要营养成分和氨基酸含量。结果表明,8种笋用竹种竹笋还原糖含量普遍为1.20～1.50 g·100 g~(-1),蛋白质含量为2.65～3.62 g·100 g~(-1)。以白哺鸡竹笋和红哺鸡竹还原糖含量较高,还原糖含量在1.40 g·100 g~(-1)以上;毛竹和花哺鸡竹为2种高蛋白竹种,蛋白质含量分别为3.62 g·100 g~(-1)和3.61 g·100 g~(-1)。红哺鸡竹口感较优,且粗纤维、灰分含量不高,是食用佳品。8种笋用竹种竹笋中氨基酸种类齐全,除了色氨酸外,16种常见的氨基酸均被检出,氨基酸总量(T)均高于大白菜、蒜苗、韭菜、芫荽、空心菜等常见蔬菜。白哺鸡竹竹笋和黄秆乌哺鸡竹竹笋的人体必需氨基酸(E)含量较高,E/T分别为37.704、36.029,超过了一般的蔬菜。甜竹、毛竹和高节竹竹笋中儿童必需氨基酸含量(CE)均在0.191 g·100 g~(-1)以上。 相似文献
8.
核桃花粉营养成分分析与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析测定了核桃花粉营养成分,结果表明蛋白质含量26.59%、氨基酸含量23.70%,高于其他花粉;还原性糖、蔗糖含量较低;脂肪含量稍高,为5.45%;必需氨基酸含量为9.61%,E/T比值为40.55%,蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为其限制性氨基酸.必需氨基酸的组成与比值与理想蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸的模式接近,氨基酸分75.14.测定的维生素中Vc含量每100 g最高达114.46 mg.与其他花粉比较,核桃花粉每100 g中有高钾(920 mg)、低钠(2.8mg)的特点,且镁(190 mg)、磷(650 nag)、钙(150 nag)含量较高;微量元素中锌(5.7 mg)、硒(0.017 mg)含量较高. 相似文献
9.
对厚壁毛竹叶片生理生化特性进行了研究.结果表明:厚壁毛竹新鲜叶片叶绿素含量为1.953 mg·g-1(以下各指标的测定此用材料均为新鲜材料),β-胡萝卜素含量为6.539 mg·(100 g)-1,硝酸还原酶活性(指NO2)为139.5 μg·g-1·h-1,果胶酶活性为3.14 μg·mL-1·h-1,蔗糖酶活性为21.2 mg·g-1·h-1,这些性状与毛竹有显著差异,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性为2.17 mg·g-1·h-1,与毛竹差异不显著;其叶片游离氨基酸总量高于毛竹叶157.17%;除天门冬氨酸外,其它16种氨基酸均高于毛竹叶33.9%～163.20%,说明厚壁毛竹生理代谢旺盛,与其"厚壁"性状的生物量积累速度、数量有关. 相似文献
10.
大百合鳞茎营养成分分析与评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
按照国家标准的分析方法,对大百合成熟鳞茎的营养成分进行了测定,并与6种常用蔬菜的相应含量进行了比较。结果表明,大百合鳞茎中蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、碳水化合物和维生素C的含量分别为1.59 g/100g、1.25 g/100g、4.0 g/100g、6.76 g/100g、2.7 mg/100g,其中粗纤维、粗脂肪含量明显高于6种常用蔬菜;大百合鳞茎的蛋白质和碳水化合物明显低于百合,但比大白菜和白萝卜的高;大百合鳞茎的维生素C含量低于6种常用蔬菜。每千克鳞茎干物质中矿质元素的含量为:P 222mg,Ca 183 mg,K 2 348 mg,Mg 17.1 mg,Fe 4.2mg,Zn 5.3 mg,Cu 0.34 mg,Mn 4.1 mg,其中Ca、Zn、Mn的含量略高于百合,其他元素含量则低于百合。大百合鳞茎的蛋白质中含有17种氨基酸,包括7种人体必需氨基酸。总氨基酸(TAA)、人体必需氨基酸(EAA)和人体非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的含量分别为50.6 g/kg,17.6 g/kg,30.1 g/kg。其所含的人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的34.78%,人体必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为58.47%,接近推荐的理想蛋白模式。大百合鳞茎富含粗纤维、矿质元素和氨基酸,其粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量,属高纤维且营养全面的野生食用蔬菜,具有很大开发潜力。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献