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1.
本试验以大豆种黑农３３为材料，以灌水次数和灌水量为决策变量，采用二次通用旋转组合设计进行研究。结果表明，灌水次数和灌水量对产量的综合影响显著，而对百粒重、硬实率和脂肪含量的综合虽显著，但受年份的影响。 相似文献
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麦油两熟制大田试验结果表明；在共生期为２５～３０ｄ的麦油两熟制双高产复合群体中，小麦基本苗是复合群体的主体，对麦油两作产量效应显著；花生密度对花生产量作用明显，但对小麦产量影响不大。在小麦９０～２７０万株／ｈｍ２基本苗范围内，每增加１５万苗，花生平均减产１８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；小麦花生两熟制一体化栽培高产复合群体指标为：小麦基本苗１６５～１９５万／ｈｍ２，花生１３．５～１６．５万穴／ｈｍ２。高效复合群体最优组合为：小麦基本苗１２０万／ｈｍ２，花生播１５万穴／ｈｍ２。 相似文献
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生殖生长期源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
利用蛋白质，脂肪含量不同的两个大豆品种，在Ｒ１和Ｒ５期，通过去叶或去英，研究源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响，结果表明，Ｒ１期和Ｒ５期去叶１／３对产量和品质影响不大；然而，Ｒ１期全去叶，减少了单株英数，产量降低，但对品质影响不明显；Ｒ５期全去叶，降低了每英粒数和百粒重，有利于蛋白质积累，而不利于脂肪积累，产量降低，Ｒ５期去英１／３增加了单英粒数和百粒重，产量略有提高，脂肪积累增多，蛋白质含量降低 相似文献
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大田试验结果表明，麦田套种条件下，行距对麦油两作产量产生一定影响。在一定范围内（小麦２２～４０ｃｍ，花生２０～４ｃｍ），随行距的加宽，小麦产量下降，花生产量上升。行距每增加５ｃｍ，平均小麦减产７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，花生产１７９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。行距与套种期对花生产量互作效应显著，行距每增加５ｃｍ，花生最适套种期应提前２．５～３天。兼顾麦油全年总产，该方式条件下，适宜的小麦行距和花生套种期分别为３０～４０ｃｍ和麦收前２４～２９天。 相似文献
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６年的引种研究结果表明，兴隆气候条件适宜喀麦降中粒种咖啡正常生长，年植株平均增高６０．６ｃｍ，年平均增长一级分枝１３．２对；初期鲜果产量在３８００－６００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２的种质有３个，优异种持单株１５个。 相似文献
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Ⅱ优１５是福建省南平市农科所用Ⅱ３２Ａ与大粒香１５配组而成的杂交籼稻新组合。经１９９７～１９９８年试验示范，表现高产稳产、熟期适中、米质优、米饭带清香味、抗稻瘟病且制种产量高。１９９９年３月通过福建省南平市农作物品种审定委员会审定。１ 产量表现１９９７年和１９９８年参加南平市晚稻区试，产量分别为６－３０ｔ／ｈｍ２和７－０８ｔ／ｈｍ２。１９９７年比对照汕优６３增产３－５％，达显著；１９９８年比对照汕优桂３３增产８－５％，达极显著。１９９７年，建阳市良种场双晚试种０－３３ｈｍ２，平均产量７－０９… 相似文献
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本文报道了湖南省１９７２～１９９２年水稻品种区域试验资料的产量分析结果，指出我省水稻育种２０年来取得了长足进步，无论是早稻或晚稻均上了７５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。产量７５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２以上的穗粒结构是颖花量３．５～４．０万／ｍ＾２，结实率７５％～８０％，千粒重２６～２８ｇ，这些指标可作为水稻高产育种和栽培目标确定的依据，由于水稻育种的进步，早稻和晚具有相同的生产潜力，生产上应有同等重要的地位。 相似文献
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矮化处理低、中、高三个不同密度的夏花生，其株高比对照处理３个相应密度均矮１０ｃｍ左右。结实指数分别提高８．１４％、１０．２％和１８．８１％；饱果指数分别提高２．１４％、６．９３％和１０．３３％。总生物产量的分配，Ｖ／Ｒ率均＜１，经济系数均＞０．５５，经济产量依次提高８．２１％、１４．６４％和２２．７６％。实际荚果产量，矮化处理的以高密度（２２．５万穴／ｈｍ２）最高、中密度（１８．７５万穴／ｈｍ２）次之，分别比低密度（１５万穴／ｈｍ２）增产１５．０４％～１６．８９％和１４．０２％～１４．５４％；对照处理以中密度最高，高密度次之，分别比低密度增产１１．７１％～１２．４０％和５．３４％～７．９１％。矮化处理与密度有显著的连应效果，比对照处理依次增产７．５５％、９．６％和１６．５％。 相似文献
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优质中熟大果品种８１３０ 和优质早熟小果品种鲁花１３ 号在产量潜力、肥料生产率方面存在一定差异,８１３０ 高于鲁花１３号,但氮、磷、钾三元素适宜配比两品种相近,约为１∶１１～～１２∶１３;８１３０ 最高产量可达６７５２ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２,相应的公顷施肥量为：Ｎ １３２８ｋｇ、Ｐ２Ｏ５ １５５８ｋｇ、Ｋ２Ｏ １７４０ｋｇ,鲁花１３ 号最高产量可达５７４８ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２,相应的公顷施肥量为：Ｎ １２７８ｋｇ、Ｐ２Ｏ５ １４２２ｋｇ、Ｋ２Ｏ １５９８ｋｇ;８１３０产量在５２５０～６７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 范围内的适宜公顷施肥量为：Ｎ１２２７～１５７３ｋｇ,Ｐ２Ｏ５１４０８～１７８６ｋｇ,Ｋ２Ｏ１４２０～１９２７ ｋｇ,鲁花１３ 号产量在４５００～５７００ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 范围内的适宜公顷施肥量为：Ｎ １１０９～１５５４ｋｇ、Ｐ２Ｏ５ １２５９～１６６２ｋｇ、Ｋ２Ｏ １３２９～２０００ｋｇ。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献