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1.
A barley drought tolerance Quantitatif Trait Locus (QTL) on chromosome 2 was transferred from tolerant cultivar ‘Tadmor’ to susceptible ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’. Effects of this QTL on drought tolerance and other traits were studied using near-isogenic lines under controlled environments and field trials for two years. This QTL resulted in 5.0% and 9.1% improvement in leaf relative water content of ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’ cultivars, respectively, under controlled environments. The QTL accelerated heading and maturity by 2.5 days in ‘Baronesse’ and by 5–6 days in ‘Aydanhanım’. It was associated with shorter stature and more ears. This QTL region increased grain yields by 1.1 and 0.6 t/ha in ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’, respectively, mainly by increasing the number of tillers. There were previous reports related to yield promoting effects of this region harbouring flowering locus eps2 (barley HvCEN gene). However, sequencing of 1025 bp fragment encompassing HvCEN coding region revealed that our parents and near-isogenic lines had no Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) variation, ruling out direct involvement of eps2. These findings pointed to the possible effect of another flowering locus in the QTL region.  相似文献   

2.
Molecular and physical mapping of genes affecting awning in wheat   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
P. Sourdille    T. Cadalen    G. Gay    B. Gill  M. Bernard 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):320-324
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for three traits related to awning (awn length at the base, the middle and the top of the ear) in wheat were mapped in a doubled‐haploid line (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Courtot’ (awned) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (awnless) and grown in Clermont‐Ferrand, France, under natural field conditions. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 DH lines and 550 markers was used for the QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (more than 95%) and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker every 20.8 cM) was chosen for marker regression analysis. For each trait, only two consistent QTL were identified with individual effects ranging from 8.5 to 45.9% of the total phenotypic variation. These two QTL cosegregated with the genes Hd on chromosome 4A and B2 on chromosome 6B, which are known to inhibit awning. The results were confirmed using ‘Chinese Spring’ deletion lines of these two chromosomes, which have awned spikes, while ‘Chinese Spring’ is usually awnless. No quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 5A where the B1 awn‐inhibitor gene is located, suggesting that both ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ have the same allelic constitution at this locus. The occurrence of awned speltoid spikes on the deletion lines of this chromosome suggests that ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Courtot’ have the dominant B1 allele, indicating that B1 alone has insufficient effect to induce complete awn inhibition.  相似文献   

3.
W. Tadesse    S. L. K. Hsam    F. J. Zeller 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(4):318-322
A total of 50 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for resistance to tan spot, using Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis race 1 and race 5 isolates. The cultivars ‘Salamouni’, ‘Red Chief’, ‘Dashen’, ‘Empire’ and ‘Armada’ were resistant to isolate ASC1a (race 1), whereas 76% of the cultivars were susceptible. Chi‐squared analysis of the F2 segregation data of hybrids between 20 monosomic lines of the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Salamouni’ revealed that tan spot resistance in ‘Salamouni’ was controlled by a single recessive gene located on chromosome 3A. This gene is designated tsn4. The resistant cultivars identified in this study are recommended for use in breeding programmes to improve tan spot resistance in common wheat.  相似文献   

4.
K. Kato    H. Miura  S. Sawada 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(5):391-394
A homoeologous quantitative trait locus to that of eps5L on barley chromosome 5H was identified in a syntenic region of wheat chromosome 5A. Wheat single chromosome recombinant lines (SCRs) were developed from a cross between ‘Chinese Spring’(‘Cappelle-Desprez’ 5A) and ‘Chinese Spring’(Triticum spelta 5A), these were grown together with the parental controls under different vernalization and photoperiod regimes. The variation for ear emergence time accelerated heading induced by the T. spelta segment indicated an effect associated with the Xcdo412-Xbcd9 interval. Since no differences between the SCRs and controls in responses to vernalization and photoperiod treatments were detected, this effect was identified as an earliness per se gene, Q Eetocs-5 A.2, which may be homoeologous to the eps5L quantitative trait locus of barley. Xbcd926 has been found to be closely linked to the rice flowering time quantitative trait loci, QHd9a or FLTQ2, on chromosome 9, suggesting possible relationships among the quantitative trait loci across wheat, barley and rice genomes.  相似文献   

5.
The inheritance of resistance to green leafhopper, Nephotettix impicticeps Ichi, was studied in 11 cultivars of rice, Oryza saliva L. These resistant cultivars were crossed with the susceptible cultivar ‘TN1’. The materials consisted of F1, F2 and F3 populations including parents which were assessed by the bulk screening test. It was found that resistance in the cultivars TR36′, UPR254-35-3′-2′, ‘Jhingasail’, ‘Govind’, ‘RP825-45-1-3’, ‘MRC603-303’, ‘RD4’, and ‘Irat104 ’ was conditioned by a single dominant gene, whereas resistance in ‘Ptb8’ IR9805-97-1′, and ‘BG367-7’ was controlled by one recessive gene. The test on the allelic relationships of the resistance genes in the test cultivars with the known genes Glb1 and Glb2 revealed that the single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘UPR254-35-3-2’ and ‘Jhingasail’ was allelic to Glh1 and segregated independently of Glh2. The resistance in ‘Govind’ and ‘RP82S-45-1-3’ was governed by the Glh2 gene which was independent of Glh1. The test cultivars ‘IR36’;. ‘MRC603-303’, ‘RD4’. and Irat104 ’ had a dominant gene for resistance which was nonallelic to Glb1 and Glb2. The recessive gene which conditioned the resistance in ‘Ptb8’, ‘IR9805-97-1’, and ‘BG367-1’ segregated independently of Glh1 and Glh2. Eleven trisomics in an ‘TR36’ background were crossed with ‘Java’, a cultivar susceptible to green leafhopper. The segregation pattern of the F2 and backcross generations revealed that the Glb6 gene was located on chromosome 5.  相似文献   

6.
Resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in five wheat cultivars, accession W6 7283 of Dasypyrum villosum, and ‘Chinese Spring’ disomic addition lines of the D. villosum chromosomes IV, 2V, 4V, 5V, 6V and 7V, was evaluated in seedlings by measuring disease progress 6 weeks after inoculation with a β—glucuronidase—transformed strain of the pathogen and by visual estimates of disease severity. D. villosum and the disomic addition line of chromosome 4V were as resistant as wheat cultivars ‘VPM—1’ and ‘Cappelle Desprez’, but less resistant than ‘Rendezvous’. Resistance of the chromosome 4V disomic addition line was equivalent to that of D. villosum.‘Chinese Spring’ and disomic addition lines of IV, 2V, 5V, 6V and 7V were all susceptible. These results confirm Sparaguee's (1936) report of resistance in D. villosum to P. herpotrichoides and establish the chromosomal location for the genes controlling resistance. The presence of chromosome 4V in the addition line and its homocology to chromosome 4 in wheat were confirmed by Southern analysis of genomic DNA using chromosome group 4-specific clones. This genetic locus is not homoeologous with other known genes for resistance to P. herpotrichoides located on chromosome group 7, and thus represents a new source of resistance to this pathogen.  相似文献   

7.
In this study, we characterized and mapped a new and rare resistance gene (RphFT) in the Chinese barley variety ‘Fong Tien’. RphFT, a dominant gene, was mapped to chromosome 5HL at a genetic position of 142.1 cM using DArT‐seq markers. The gene was also confirmed to be present in Australian cultivar ‘Yagan’ based on allelic tests, and likely ‘Lockyer’ based on multipathotype tests. The genetic studies also confirmed the presence of Rph12 in Australian cultivar ‘Baudin’. Rph12 is also located on chromosome 5HL close to RphFT, and the two loci were confirmed to be independent. Gene RphFT is of limited breeding value because it is effective to only one pathotype of P. hordei, 220P+ +Rph13 in Australia; nevertheless, it may play a role in controlling leaf rust if used in combination with other Rph genes. The locus symbol Rph25 is recommended for RphFT in accordance with the rules and numbering system of barley gene nomenclature.  相似文献   

8.
By electrophoretic analysis of F2 progenies from crosses among the hexaploid wheat varieties ‘Cajeme 71’, ‘Ablaca’, ‘Anza’ and ‘Pané 247’, two new prolamin loci Gli-D4 and Gli-D5, were mapped on the short arm of chromosome ID. The Gli-D4 locus controls gliadins of type γ and is situated on the short arm of chromosome ID between the centromere and the Gli-D1 locus with a genetic distance of 10.1±2.4 cM from this locus. The Gli-D5 locus controls gliadin type ω and was mapped 3.7 ± 0.8 cM from Gli-Dl and located between Gli-Dl and the telomere.  相似文献   

9.
A total of 59 old wheat cultivars grown in Germany prior to 1960 were tested for mildew response using a collection of 12 differential isolates of Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. tritici Marchal (Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer f. sp. tritici). Nineteen cultivars did not possess any major resistance gene and 25 were characterized by susceptible or intermediate responses. Fifteen cultivars revealed isolate-specific response patterns that could not be attributed to known major resistance genes or gene combinations. Many of the old German cultivars inherited a mildew-resistance gene from the Canadian cultivar ‘Garnet’ which is tentatively designated M1-Ga. Cultivars ‘Bretonischer Bartweizen’ (designated M1-Br) and ‘Adlungs Alemannen’ (designated M1-Ad) appeared to carry unknown resistance genes. Among 18 winter wheat cultivars released in the former GDR. eight showed susceptibility to all isolates used. Cv. “Borenos” carries resistance gene Pm3c. Five cultivars possess gene Pm4b. two cultivars gene pm5 and one cultivar a combination of genes Pm2 and Pm4b. Cultivar ‘Zentos’ was resistant to almost all isolates used. Its resistance might be conditioned by different unknown major resistance genes.  相似文献   

10.
A. Börner 《Plant Breeding》1991,106(1):53-57
Genetic analysis of three semi-dwarf genotypes of rye (Secale cereale L.)—‘Moskowskij Karlik’, ‘Gülzow kurz’ and ‘R 18’, which were shown to be insensitive to applied gibberellic acid (GA3), has been carried out by using a seedling test. It could be demonstrated that all of the three genotypes are carrying recessive alleles for GA-insensitivity. Whereas the alleles of ‘Moskowskij Karlik’ and ‘R 18’ seem to have the same locus on chromosome 5R, the GA-insensitivity of ‘Gülzow kurz’ is governed by a different gene, most probably located on chromosome 7R. The relationship between the genes (alleles) for GA-insensitivity and semi-dwarfness, including the symbolization of the Gai-genes as well as their utilization in rye breeding is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
S. B. Thomsen    H. P. Jensen    J. Jensen    J. P. Skou  J. H. Jørgensen   《Plant Breeding》1997,116(5):455-459
In order to determine more precisely the location of the barley leaf stripe gene, called the ‘Vada-resistance gene’, on barley chromosome 2, 63 chromosome-doubled barley lines were tested. Using data on known chromosome 2 genetic markers, the ‘Vada-resistance gene’ was estimated to be located between the markers MSU21 and Xris45b, and at a distance of about 20% recombination from the powdery mildew resistance gene MILa. We suggest that the ‘Vada-resistance gene’ is designated Rdg1a and that all former leaf stripe resistance gene designations should be rejected. To identify possible new sources of resistance, 11 barley cultivars/lines known to possess leaf stripe resistance and originating from different parts of the world, were tested with one Danish and two Syrian isolates of the leaf stripe fungus. Three apparently genetically different sources of race-specific resistance were found. The ‘Vada-resistance’ in the cultivar ‘Golf was effective against seven out of eight isolates’ populations of the leaf stripe fungus differing in geographical origin.  相似文献   

12.
Powdery mildew resistance in Czech and Slovak barley cultivars   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Fifteen powdery mildew resistance genes and the gene MlaN81 derived from ‘Nepal 81’were found in 76 Czech and Slovak spring and winter barley cultivars when tested for reaction to a set of powdery mildew isolates. Nine cultivars (‘Donum’, ‘Expres’, ‘Jubilant’, ‘Orbit’, ‘Primus’, ‘Progres’, ‘Stabil’, ‘Vladan’ and ‘Zlatan’) are composed of lines with different resistance genes. The Mlat gene is present in nine cultivars and was transferred from the Anatolian landrace ‘A‐516′. The resistances derived from ‘KM‐1192’and ‘CI 7672’were identical and designated Ml(Kr). Five winter barley cultivars possess the Ml(Bw) resistance. The winter barley line ‘KM‐2099’carries the mlo gene. The parental cultivar ‘Palestine 10’was also tested in which the genes Mlk1, MlLa were identified. The German cultivar ‘Salome’, a parent of seven cultivars tested, probably carries the gene MlLa in addition to mlo and Mla7. The gene mlo6 may be present in the cultivar ‘Heris’. Most of the results were confirmed by the pedigrees of the cultivars.  相似文献   

13.
The inheritance of resistance to rice gall midge (Ranchi biotype) was studied in 12 resistant cultivars by crossing with susceptible cultivars. By the study of F1, F2, F3, B1 and B2 generations, it was found that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in ‘Surekha’, ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘IET 7918’‘IET 6187’, ‘BG 404-1’; by duplicate dominant genes in ‘W 1263’, ‘RPW 6-17’ and ‘WGL 48684’ and a monogenic recessive gene in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008-21’. The allelism test of the resistant genes in the test cultivars with already known genes Gm1 and Gm2 was carried out. A single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IET 7918’ and ‘IET 6187’ was allelic to Gm1 and segregated independently of Gm2. The resistance in ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IR 36’ and ‘WGL 48684’ was governed by Gm2 gene which was independent of Gm1. Two additional genes were identified and designated as Gm3 and gm4. Three test cultivars ‘BG 404-1’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ were found to have Gm3 gene for resistance which was non-allelic and segregated independently of Gm1 and Gm2. Thus the cultivars ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ had two resistance genes Gw2 and Gm3 together. The cultivar ‘RPW 6–17’ also had two resistance genes Gm1 and Gm2 together. The recessive gene gm4 which conditioned the resistance in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008-21’ was nonallelic to and segregated independently of Gm1, Gm2 and Gm3 genes. Linkage studies of the resistance gene with pigment characters were carried out in ‘Purple gora/IR 36’ cross. The resistance gene Gm2 was found to be linked with the genes governing the pigmentation in node, apiculus and stigma with crossover values of 15.78, 31.57 and 35.78 % respectively. By the trisomic analysis, it was found that the Gm2 gene was located on chromosome 3.  相似文献   

14.
The wheat progenitors and other wild relatives continue to be important sources of genes for agronomically desirable traits, which can be transferred into durum wheat (Triticum turgidum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) cultivars via hybridization. Chromosome pairing in durum × alien species hybrids provides an understanding of genomic relationships, which is useful in planning alien gene introgression strategies. Two durum cultivars, ‘Lloyd’ and ‘Langdon’, were crossed with diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14; JJ), to synthesize F1 hybrids (2n = 3x = 21; ABJ) with Ph1. ‘Langdon’ disomic substitution 5D(5B) was used as a female parent to produce F1 hybrids without Ph1, which resulted in elevation of pairing between durum and grass chromosomes – an important feature from the breeding standpoint. The F1 hybrids were backcrossed to respective parental cultivars and BC1 progenies were raised. ‘Langdon’ 5D(5B) substitution × Th. bessarabicum F1 hybrids were crossed with normal ‘Langdon’ to obtain BC1 progeny. Chromosome pairing relationships were studied in F1 hybrids and BC1 progenies using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl‐GISH) techniques. Multicolour fl‐GISH was standardized for characterizing the nature and specificity of chromosome pairing: A–B, A–J and B–J pairing. The A–J and B–J pairing will facilitate gene introgression in durum wheat. Multicolour fl‐GISH will help in characterizing alien chromosome segments captured in the durum complement and in their location in the A and/or B genome, thereby accelerating chromosome engineering research.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic studies were conducted on nine triticale cultivars and lines lo determine the presence and identity of stem rust resistance genes. The lines were intercrossed and their F2 and F3 generations were tested with selected pathotypes of Puccinia graminis tritici. Segregation in seedling tesis showed the presence of two new genes SrLal and SrLa2 in ‘Lasko’, SrBj anil SrJ in ‘Bejon’. SrVen in ‘Currency’, SrBj in ‘Abacus’ and ‘RM4’ and SrNin in ‘Tahara’, ‘Maidan’ and ‘Madonna’ SrBj, SrNin, SrLal and SrLa2 were genetically independent and each conferred resistance to the currently important Australian P. graminis tritici pt 34-2.12.13, whereas SrJ and SrVen conferred moderately susceptible reactions to the same pathotype. SrVen segregated independently of SrBj, but the relationship of SrVen with the other genes was noi determined. The typical low infection types conferred by SrBj and SrJ were best expressed at temperatures above 21 C, Prolamine separations nsinj; sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel elcclrophoresis confirmed that SiNin and SrBj were located in chromosome 2R. The gene SrLal behaved as a third allele at or near the Sr27, SrSatu locus in chromosome 3R, The present work demonstrated that chromosomes 2R and 3R are important bearers of genes Tor stem rust resistance in hexaploid iriticale.  相似文献   

16.
Recombination within the closely linked genes encoding for omega and gamma gliadins at the complex Gli-B1 locus present on the short arm of chromosome 1B was detected in a durum-wheat line (Triticum durum) from Iran. This recombinant differs from a previous one the authors detected in the durum-wheat cultivar ‘Berillo’ since it shows the gamma gliadin component 45 associated with a triplet of omega components usually found linked with the allelic gamma gliadin 42. Analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, encoded by genes at the complex Glu-B3 locus associated with the Gli-B1 locus, showed the presence of the protein type designated LMW-1 which is peculiar to durum-wheat cultivars possessing the gamma gliadin 42.  相似文献   

17.
Soybean mosaic virus is a severe constraint of soybean production in China. A total of country-wide 22 SMV strains (SC1-SC22) were identified. Of these, SC3 is a major strain widely distributed in Huanghuai and Yangtze River Valley region of China. Soybean cultivar ‘Qihuang-1’ contains RSC3Q locus conditioning the resistance to SC3 and is an important parental line extensively used to breed the soybean cultivars in China. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic pattern of SC3 resistance genes in cultivars developed from ‘Qihuang-1’ or its derivative lines. Hence, we have evaluated the SC3 resistance in 91 cultivars developed from ‘Qihuang-1’ or its derivative lines. The results showed that a total of 43 cultivars exhibited resistance to the SC3 strain. Among them, 37 cultivars were derived from ‘Qihuang-1’. Then, we have detected the RSC3Q loci in these cultivars using four SSR markers (Satt334, Sct_033, BARCSOYSSR_13_1114 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1136). It revealed that, among the 37 resistant cultivars derived from ‘Qihuang-1’, there are 20 cultivars containing RSC3Q loci. Moreover, the allelic relationship of resistance genes was analysed using the crosses from resistance × resistance between ‘Qihuang-1’ and its resistant derived cultivars. The results showed that the resistance genes of ‘Qihuang-1’ and its 20 cultivars were allelic. But it is not allelic with those of the other 17 cultivars, different from ‘Qihuang-1’, and also, RSC3Q does not condition the resistance. These results will be beneficial to exploring the transmission of resistance genes of ‘Qihuang-1’ and will be useful to the disease resistance breeding of soybean.  相似文献   

18.
Two bread wheat cultivars, ‘Ariana 8’ and ‘Cajeme 71’, and 129 F2, grains from the cross between them were analysed for gliadin composition. Two monodimensional (A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE) and two different two-dimensional (SDS-PAGE x SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE x SDS-PAGE) electrophoretic methods were used. Parents differed at the Gli-Al locus, detected by A-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE of the aqueous ethanol extractable protein under nonreduced conditions showed two bands of ‘Ariana 8’ and one of ‘Cajeme 71’, encoded by genes located 22 cM from the Gli-Al locus, and therefore, located at the Gli-A3 locus. This locus has been considered to contain genes coding for ω-gliadins alone. The two-dimensional maps of the parents showed that one band from ‘Ariana 8’ was an ω-gliadin, but the other two bands, one from each parent, were γ-gliadins. Results obtained indicated that GH-A3, like Gli-Al, is a complex locus coding for both ω-and γ-gliadins.  相似文献   

19.
Genes for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Cultivars of Spring Wheat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
M  Heun  G. Fischbeck 《Plant Breeding》1987,99(4):282-288
Twenty-three cultivars of spring wheat were inoculated with nineteen different powdery mildew isolates; their ruction patterns hive been compared with those of twenty-two cultivars/lines carrying identified powdery mildew resistance genes. Applying the gene-for-gene hypothesis, it is evident that three cultivars have none of the resistance genes used, seven others (including ‘Solo’) may carry Pm4b, only. The resistance pattern of ‘Selpek’ is identical to A/-1 resistant cultivars of winter wheat and may be explained by the presence of Pm5. The resistance pattern of Pm5 (Mt-i) cultivars is very different from a number of ‘Kolibri’-related cultivars of spring wheat. Since either all or nothing of that specific pattern has been transferred to all cross progenies of ‘Kolibri’, a single gene is assumed to oe responsible for it, preliminarily designated as Ml-k. The cultivar ‘Mephisto’ carries the ‘Normandie’ resistance (Pwl 2, 9). In five cultivars to spring wheat the combined effects of at least two of the above-mentioned sources have been found. Despite the fact that ‘Normandie’ and ‘Sappo’ are not closely related. ‘Sappo’ shows the complete ‘Normandie’ resistance pattern plus that of Pm4b. The same is true for ‘Planet’ and ‘Walter’.  相似文献   

20.
The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant erectoides‐k.32 (ert‐k.32) was isolated in 1947 from an X‐ray‐mutant population of cultivar ‘Bonus’. The mutant was released as a cultivar in 1958 with the name ‘Pallas’ – one of the first cereal crop cultivars developed from induced mutants. ‘Pallas’ is a semi‐dwarf barley cultivar known for its culm stability and resistance to lodging. In total, eight allelic ert‐k mutants are known that show different phenotypic strength concerning culm length and spike architecture. They represent alternatives to the widely used, but pleiotropic ‘Green Revolution’ alleles of the Sdw1 (semidwarf1/denso) and Uzu1 (semi‐brachytic1) genes in breeding of robust elite barley cultivars. In the present study, we locate Ert‐k to a 15.7‐cM region in the centromeric region of chromosome 6H. Although the interval is estimated to contain approximately 700 genes, the work provides a solid foundation for the identification of the underlying mutations causing the ert‐k lodging‐resistant phenotype. In addition, the linked markers could be used to follow the ert‐k mutant genotype in marker‐assisted selection of new lodging‐resistant barley cultivars.  相似文献   

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