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1.
Salinity reduces crop yield by limiting water uptake and causing ion‐specific stress. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is sensitive to soil salinity. However, there is variability among soybean genotypes and wild relatives for salt tolerance, suggesting that genetic improvement may be possible. The objective of this study was to identify differences in salt tolerance based on ion accumulation in leaves, stems and roots among accessions of four Glycine species. Four NaCl treatments, 0, 50, 75 and 100 mm , were imposed on G. max, G. soja, G. tomentella and G. argyrea accessions with different levels of salinity tolerance. Tolerant genotypes had less leaf scorch and a greater capacity to prevent Na+ and Cl? transport from soil solution to stems and leaves than sensitive genotypes. Magnitude of leaf injury per unit increase in leaf Na+ or Cl? concentrations was lower in tolerant than in susceptible accessions. Also, plant injury was associated more with Na+ rather than with Cl? concentration in leaves. Salt‐tolerant accessions had greater leaf chlorophyll‐meter readings than sensitive genotypes at all NaCl concentrations. Glycine argyrea and G. tomentella accessions possessed higher salt tolerance than G. soja and G. max genotypes.  相似文献   

2.
Summary Variation in the responses of a wide range of accessions of four native Australian species of Glycine (viz. G. canescens, G. clandestina, G. tabacina and G. tomentella) to infection by eight Australian isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi was analyzed.Differences in the infection type responses of the various wild Glycine species were sufficient to recognize six different virulence combinations amongst the eight pathogen isolates.A set of differential hosts useful in the identification of different races of the pathogen is presented to facilitate further examination of the virulence structure of the pathogen population.  相似文献   

3.
Several annual and perennial species in the genus Glycine Willd., including G. soja, long-pod G. tomentella, short-pod G. tomentella and G. tabacina, collected in Taiwan and nearby islands were studied for variations of their seed proteins. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were used to analyze the total proteins, the heat soluble proteins, six seed maturation proteins (GmPMs) and one seed storage protein. The various species had different patterns of seed heat soluble proteins. In addition,each species of Glycine collected in Taiwan exhibited unique seed maturation protein patterns. They had several cross-reactive polypeptides recognized by specific antibodies against GmPM1, GmPM2 and GmPM8, but only one polypeptide recognized by antibodies against GmPM4, GmPM5 and MP130. The long pod G. tomentella, which has been suggested as a new species and renamed as G. dolichocarpa, could be distinct from the short pod G. tomentella on the basis of the analysis of these biochemical markers. It is also indicated that these GmPM antibodies may be used to distinguish between and within other Glycine species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

4.
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] in Asia, and its recent establishment in North America has led to large, recurring outbreaks that have challenged pest management practitioners there to seek environmentally responsible means for its control. Growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine and characterize host-plant resistance among several soybean accessions. Soybean plants were first screened for resistance by rating the population growth of A. glycines in two tests. All plants of PI 230977 and 25% of PI 71506 plants were resistant (≤100 aphids per plant) in the first screening test. All ‘Dowling’, PI 71506 and PI 230977 were resistant (≤150 aphids per plant), and 50% of plants of line ‘G93-9223’ were resistant in the second test. Follow-up experiments showed that antixenosis was a modality of resistance based on reduced nymphiposition by A. glycines on Dowling, PI 230977 and PI 71506 in no-choice tests and on fewer numbers of A. glycines on Dowling, PI 230977, PI 71506 and G93-5223 in distribution tests. Antixenosis in Dowling and PI 230977 was stronger in the unifoliolate leaves than in other shoot structures, whereas distribution of A. glycines within plants of PI 71506 and G93-5223 suggested comparable suitability between unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures of these accessions. Antibiosis to A. glycines was evident as a lower proportion of aphids that reproduced on PI 230977 and from fewer progeny on PI 230977 and Dowling than on 91B91. The number of days from birth to reproduction by A. glycines did not differ among accessions. Results confirmed Dowling and PI 71506 as strong sources of resistance to A. glycines. The levels of antixenosis and antibiosis to A. glycines in PI 230977 and antixenosis to A. glycines in G93-9223 suggest that these accessions may also be valuable to soybean breeding programs as sources of resistance.  相似文献   

5.
R. J. Singh  T. Hymowitz 《Euphytica》1985,34(1):187-192
Summary The objective of the present paper is to provide information on the morphology and cytology of an intersub-generic hybrid (2n=59) between Glycine tomentella Hayata (2n=78) and G. max (L.) Merr. (2n=40) obtained through in vitro immature seed culture. The hybrid plant was slow in vegetative growth and twinning like the female parent but morphologically was intermediate between both parents for several traits. At metaphase I, the average chromosome associations and ranges for 25 cells were 44.0 I (37–51)+7.5 II (3–11). The plant was completely pollen and seed sterile. The present investigation suggests that wild perennial Glycine species can be exploited as either the male or female parent in wide hybridization programs with the soybean, G. max.  相似文献   

6.
Summary Five sterile hybrids (2n=59) between a synthetic amphiploid of Glycine tomentella (2n=38) and G. caneseens (2n=40) as female and soybean cultivars Lincoln and Hark as males have been produced by embryo or ovule culture using transplanted endosperm. The hybrid plants are twining perennials like the female parent but possess a number of morphological characters which reflect the presence of the soybean genome. Indophenol oxidase isozymes from leaf extracts also provide good evidence of the hybrid nature of the cultured plants. These hybrids open the way for the exploitation of the diverse germplasm resources of the perennial Glycine species in soybean breeding.  相似文献   

7.
Soybean rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, continues to be a global threat to soybean production, decreasing productivity and increasing the pesticide burden of cropping systems. However, breeders now have access to resistance genes that map to at least seven independent loci which can help protect crops against soybean rust infection. Efficient greenhouse screening protocols have been developed, and low‐cost SNP genotyping technology is available for marker‐assisted selection and backcrossing of resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Rpp) loci. Soybean breeders can now employ these technologies for the development of high‐yielding soybean cultivars with two, three, or even four pyramided Rpp genes. Such cultivars should provide resistance against the most virulent P. pachyrhizi populations and would be of great help to both large‐scale growers in the Americas and subsistence farmers in developing countries. We hope that a better understanding of the history and unique characteristics of P. pachyrhizi, the discovery of Rpp resistance alleles and the latest molecular breeding techniques will empower breeders across the globe to develop cultivars with durable resistance.  相似文献   

8.
The resistance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars varies with the different races of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, referred to as HG types (biotypes). Resistant cultivars with durable resistance are emphasized in recent years. The aim here was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to two SCN HG types (HG type 2.5.7, race 1; and HG type 1.2.3.5.7, race 4) in resistant cultivar ‘L‐10’ and to analyse the additive and epistatic effects of the identified QTLs. A total of 140 F5‐derived F10 recombinant inbred lines (F5:10 RILs) were advanced via single‐seed‐descent from the cross between ‘L‐10’ (broadly resistant to SCN) and “Heinong 37” (SCN‐susceptible). For SCN HG type 2.5.7 and HG type 1.2.3.5.7 resistance, three and six QTLs for resistance to SCN HG type 2.5.7 and HG type 1.2.3.5.7 were identified, respectively, most of which could explain <10% of the phenotypic variation. Among these QTLs, five were identified over 2 years, while the other QTLs were detected in either 2009 or 2010. QSCN1‐2, located near the SSR marker Sat_069 of linkage group D1b (Chromosome, 2), was responsible for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation (16.01% in 2009 and 18.94% in 2010), suggested that it could effectively be used as a candidate QTL for the marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of soybean lines resistant to SCN. Additionally, for SCN HG type 2.5.7 and HG type 1.2.3.5.7 resistance, two and four QTLs showed an additive effect (a), respectively. One epistatic pair of QTLs (QSCN1‐1‐QSCN1‐3) for SCN HG type 2.5.7 resistance and eight epistatic pairs of QTLs for SCN HG type 1.2.3.5.7 resistance were found to have significant aa effects, among which one pair of QTLs (QSCN4‐4 and QSCN4‐5) contributed a large proportion of aa effects (3%). The results indicated that additive and epistatic effects could significantly affect SCN resistance. Therefore, both of a and aa effects should be considered in MAS programmes.  相似文献   

9.
Soybean Cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is the most serious pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the world and genetic resistance in soybean cultivars have been the most effective means of control. Nematode populations, however, are variable and have adapted to reproduce on resistant cultivars over time due mainly to the narrow genetic base of SCN resistance in G. max. The majority of the resistant cultivars trace to two soybean accessions. It is hoped that new sources of resistance might provide durable resistance. Soybean plant introductions PI 467312 and PI 507354, are unique because they provide resistance to several nematode populations, i.e. SCN HG types 0, 2.7, and 1.3.6.7 (corresponding to races 3, 5, and 14) and HG types 2.5.7, 0, and 2.7 (corresponding to races 1, 3, and 5), respectively. The genetic basis of SCN resistance in these PIs is not yet known. We have investigated the inheritance of resistance to SCN HG types 0, 2.7, and 1.3.6.7 (races 3, 5, and14) in PI467312 and the SCN resistance to SCN HG types 2.5.7 and 2.7 (races 1 and 5) in PI 507354. PI 467312 was crossed to ‘Marcus’, a susceptible cultivar to generate F1 hybrids, 196 random F2 individuals, and 196 F2:3 families (designated as Pop 467). PI 507354 and the cultivar Hutcheson, susceptible to all known SCN races, were crossed to generate F1 hybrids, 225 random F2 individuals and 225 F2:3 families (designated as Pop 507). The F2:3 families from each cross were evaluated for responses to the specific SCN HG types in the greenhouse. Chi-square (χ2) analyses showed resistance from PI 467312 to HG types 2.7, and 1.3.6.7 (races 5 and 14) in Pop 467 were conditioned by one dominant and two recessive genes (Rhg rhg rhg) and resistance to HG type 0 (race 3) was controlled by three recessive genes (rhg rhg rhg). The 225 F2:3 progenies in Pop 507 showed a segregation of 2:223 (R:S) for response to both HG types 2.5.7 and 2.7 (corresponding to races 1 and 5). The Chi-square analysis showed SCN resistance from PI 507354 fit a one dominant and 3 recessive gene model (Rhg rhg rhg rhg). This information will be useful to soybean breeders who use these sources to develop SCN resistant cultivars. The complex inheritance patterns determined for the two PIs are similar to the three and four gene models for other SCN resistance sources known to date.  相似文献   

10.
Chloride tolerance in soybean and perennial Glycine accessions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Diversity for chloride tolerance exists among accessions of perennial Glycine. Accessions whose tolerance thresholds exceed those of Glycine max cultivars may be useful germplasm resources. Soybean cultivars including ‘Jackson’ (sensitive) and ‘Lee’ (tolerant) and 12 accessions of perennial Glycine were evaluated for sodium chloride tolerance after 14 days in hydroponic culture at 0, 5, 10, and 15 g L-1 NaCl. Sodium chloride had adverse effects on the growth of G. max cultivars and perennial Glycine accessions; however differential responses to salinity were observed among accessions. Considerably greater variation in sodium chloride tolerance existed among the perennial Glycine accessions than among the G. max cultivars. Sodium chloride tolerance thresholds ranged from 3.0 to 17.5 g L-1 NaCl for the perennial accessions but only ranged from 5.2 to 8.0 g L-1 for the cultivars, based on a Weibull model of leaf chlorosis. All G. max cultivars were severely injured or killed by NaCl at 10 g L-1 and above. Five tolerant perennial Glycine accessions, G. argyrea 1626, G. clandestina 1388 and 1389, and G. microphylla 1143 and 1195, were significantly lower in leaf chlorosis score than any of the G. max cultivars at the 10 g L-1 NaCl treatment. Two accessions, G. argyrea 1626 and G. clandestina 1389 were able to tolerate 15 g L-1 NaCl with only moderate visual injury while all other accessions were severely injured or killed at this salt level. Variability for chloride tolerance observed among the perennial Glycine accessions has potential utility for developing enhanced salt tolerance in soybean. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

11.
Worldwide, cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines is the most destructive pathogen on cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In the USA yield losses in 2001 were estimated to be nearly 60 million dollars. Crop losses are primarily reduced by the use of resistant cultivars. Nematode populations are variable and have adapted to reproduce on resistant cultivars overtime because resistance primarily traces to two soybean accessions. Recently cv. Hartwig was released which has comprehensive resistance to most SCN populations. A virulent nematode population LY1 was recently selected for its reproduction on Hartwig. LY1 population originated from a mass mating of Race 2 (HG Type 1.2.5-) females with Race 5 (HG Type 1.2-) males. LY1 nematode population infects currently known sources of resistance except PI 567516C. The female indices obtained on PI 567516C and Hartwig were 7% (resistant) and 155% (susceptible), respectively. However, the genetic basis of LY1 resistance in soybean PI 567516C is not known. Resistant PI line 567516C was crossed to susceptible cultivar Hartwig to generate 105 F2:5 families. These families together with parents, seven indicator lines and a susceptible control cv. Lee-74 were evaluated for response to LY1 nematode population in the greenhouse. Chi-square analysis showed resistance in PI567516C to LY1 was conditioned by one dominant and two recessive genes (Rhg, rhg, rhg). Chi-square value was 0.15 and P = 0.70. This information will be useful to soybean researchers for developing resistant cultivars to nematode population that infects Hartwig.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Soybean DNA fingerprints were analyzed by digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes complementary to simple repetitive sequences. The clearest and most polymorphic patterns were obtained with (AAT)6 as a probe, with which all 47 soybean cultivars tested could be distinguished. However, DNA fingerprints of individuals within cultivars showed the same pattern. Using (CT)8, (GAA)5 or (AAGG)4 as probes, clear polymorphic patterns among cultivars and accessions in the subgenus Soja (Glycine max and Glycine soja) were not observed, while quite different patterns were found in accessions in the subgenus Glycine. The results suggest that G. max and G. soja are closer in their genome structure. DNA fingerprints of reciprocal crosses between cultivars and accessions in the subgenus Soja were similar, and contained bands of both parents. In an F2 population from these crosses, such bands segregated in a Mendelian fashion.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
Summary Allelic frequencies at 10 loci common throughout the genus Glycine subgenus Soja were determined for 27 geographical area-species samples. The samples included 366 accessions of Glycine soja, the wild soybean, and 193 accessions of G. max, the domesticated soybean, from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. The data indicate that the alleles for grey pubescence (t 1), low seed coat peroxidase level (ep), and blunt pubescence tip (pb) probably arose as mutations during the domestication of G. max. The remaining seven loci studied(Fr, Pa 1, Pa 2, Fg 1, Fg 2, Fg 3and Fg 4)are polymorphic throughout the subgenus Soja; differences among collections of G. max and G. soja seem to be the result of differing selection pressures. A cluster analysis of allelic frequencies reveals two distinct groups within the subgenus corresponding to G. soja and G. max, Semi-wild accessions of G. max, while morphologically more similar to cultivated plants, clustered with samples of G. soja. The semi-wild accessions examined are thought to have arisen via hybridization between G. soja and G. max.Joint contribution: North Central Region, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Journal Paper No. J-9868 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50011; Project 2107.  相似文献   

15.
Twenty‐two wild, 16 intermediate and 20 cultivated soybean varieties were used to analyse relationships among the species of subgenus Soja, genus Glycine using 11 morphological traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. These genotypes using eleven agronomic characteristics were divided into three clusters: cluster I included 20 G. max, cluster II included 12 intermediate, and cluster III included 22 G. soja and four intermediate lines. Genetic relationships among the species of subgenus Soja showed three distinct clusters. Cluster I consisted of 20 G. max cultivars and two intermediate type lines, and cluster II consisted of 13 intermediate type and two G. soja lines; however, cluster III consisted of 20 G. soja and one intermediate type lines. These phenotypic and genetic data suggest that the intermediate type lines could be distinguished between G. max and G. soja lines. However, the intermediate type could not be classified as a new species.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Immature embryos of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Bay, G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth. and G. tomentella Hayata were cultured on 72 media combinations to identify a nutrient medium which would allow a greater percentage of interspecific plants to be recovered from cultured embryos of G. max × various perennial Glycine species. The highest mean plant recovery rate of 79% was from a medium containing B5 nutrient salts as reported by Gamborg et al. (1968), vitamin components according to Williams (1978) and 30 g/l sucrose. This is as compared with 25% from a medium used previously. In an additional test, 67% of hybrid embryos of G. max × G. tomentella were recovered from the same medium, from which G. tomentella was most effectively recovered in all testing.Contribution No. 89-276-J of the Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn., Manhattan.  相似文献   

17.
Soybean breeders have not exploited the diversity of the 26 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd. that are distantly related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and harbour useful genes. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for introgressing cytoplasmic and genetic diversity from Glycine tomentella PI 441001 (2n = 78) into cultivated soybean using ‘Dwight’ (2n = 40) as the male parent. Immature seeds (19–21 days post‐pollination) were cultured in vitro to produce F1 plants (2n = 59). Amphidiploid (2n = 118) plants, induced by colchicine treatment, were vigorous and produced mature pods and seeds after backcrossing with ‘Dwight’. The BC1 plants (2n = 79) produced mature seeds in crosses with ‘Dwight’. Chromosome numbers in BC2F1 plants ranged from 2n = 41–50. From BC2F2 to BC3F1, the number of plants in parentheses with 2n = 40 (275), 2n = 41 (208), 2n = 42 (80), 2n = 43 (27), 2n = 44 (12) and 2n = 45 (3) were identified. Fertile lines were grown in the field during 2012 and 2013. This is the first report of the successful development of new alloplasmic soybean lines with cytoplasm from G. tomentella.  相似文献   

18.
Haiyan Jia  James E. Kurle 《Euphytica》2008,159(1-2):27-34
Phytophthora sojae, an important yield limiting pathogen of soybean, causes seed, seedling, root, and stem rots. Losses caused by P. sojae can be controlled by both major gene and partial resistance. Early maturity group (MG) soybeans are an increasingly important crop in northwestern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota. Early MG plant introductions (PIs) from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and early MG public and private cultivars were evaluated for resistance and partial resistance to P. sojae. Of the 113 PIs, PI438445, and PI438454 exhibited resistance to P. sojae races 4, 7, 17, and 28 indicating they may possess either Rps1c, Rps1k, previously unidentified or multiple resistance gene to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes. Because they exhibited partial resistance equal to or greater than the standard check cultivar Conrad, three early MG soybean cultivars (MN0902, MN0302, and 91B53) were selected as standard checks to evaluate early MG PIs for partial resistance. Sixty-nine PIs were evaluated for partial resistance to P. sojae races 7 and 25 using the inoculum layer method. Of this group of PIs, 22 had the same level of partial resistance as Conrad to P. sojae race 7 while 19 had the same degree of partial resistance to race 25. Twelve PIs had same level of partial resistance as Conrad to both P. sojae races 7 and 25. The PIs and cultivars identified in this study will be of great value in developing early MG soybean cultivars suitable for planting in Canada and the northern United States.  相似文献   

19.
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) commonly affects soybean production worldwide, and the SC18 strain has been widespread in China. This study aimed to characterize and map the SC18 resistance genes present in soybean cultivars ‘Kefeng No. 1’ and ‘Qihuang 22’. Inheritance analysis revealed that two independent single dominant genes in Kefeng No. 1 and Qihuang 22 confer resistance to SC18. Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and bulked segregant analysis, the Kefeng No. 1 and Qihuang 22 resistance genes were located on soybean chromosomes 2 and 13, respectively. We further screened two populations of recombinant inbred lines with 32 SSR markers in the target region, where the resistance gene in Kefeng No. 1 was fine mapped to an 80‐kb region containing six putative genes. Sequence and expression analyses of these genes revealed that SMV resistance in Kefeng No. 1 was probably attributable to three of the candidate genes (i.e. Glyma.02G127800, Glyma.02G128200 and Glyma.02G128300). Collectively, the results of this study will greatly facilitate the cloning of SC18 resistance genes and marker‐assisted breeding of SMV‐resistant soybean cultivars.  相似文献   

20.
Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most serious soybean (Glycine max) diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. A soybean line, PI 587855, showed a resistance phenotype against ASR pathogens in Japan and South America at high frequency; however, little is known of the genetic control of this resistance and chromosomal location of the corresponding locus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the inheritance of PI 587855 resistance and map the corresponding locus with SSR markers aiming to use the linked markers in marker‐assisted selection. In the segregating population, resistance to ASR appeared to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The ASR resistance locus was mapped near to the chromosomal region where the resistant loci, Rpp1 and Rpp1‐b, were previously mapped. Comparative genetic mapping and disease reaction profiles of other seven lines carrying Rpp1 or Rpp1‐b to four Brazilian ASR isolates revealed that the resistance reaction exhibited by PI 587855 was similar to that of Rpp1‐b‐carrying varieties which have useful resistance to South American ASR strains.  相似文献   

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