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1.
Genetic analysis of mechanisms associated with inheritance of resistance to sheath rot of rice 
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下载免费PDF全文 Simon Martin Mvuyekure Julia Sibiya John Derera John Nzungize Germain Nkima 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):509-515
Understanding genetic mechanisms controlling inheritance of disease resistance traits is essential in breeding investigations targeting development of resistant genotypes. Using North Carolina design II, 32 F1 hybrids were generated by crossing eight susceptible to four resistant parents and submitted for field evaluation. The analysis of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) indicated involvement of additive and non‐additive gene action controlling inheritance of horizontal resistance to sheath rot of rice. High GCA/SCA ratio and high heritability estimates revealed additive effects and were more predominant than none additive ones. The level of dominance indicated dominant genes was more important than recessive genes. Estimates of GCA and SCA analysis suggested that crop improvement programmes should be directed towards selection of superior parents or good combiners, emphasizing on GCA. As far as source of resistance is concerned, most promising genotypes were Cyicaro, Yunertian and Yunkeng. The predominance of additive genetic effects together with the relevance of dominant genes suggested possibilities of improving the resistance by introgression of resistance genes through recurrent selection coupled with phenotypic selection. 相似文献
2.
基于“多基因聚合-早世代组配”策略的水稻分子改良研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统水稻育种技术最主要瓶颈是选择效率低和周期长。为了提高水稻优异材料选育和杂交稻组配效率,创新水稻分子育种策略,利用分子标记辅助选择多基因聚合和早世代杂交组配,展开水稻恢复系分子改良和杂交新组合的调查评价。供体亲本H318与恢复系亲本华占进行杂交,通过选择和设计关键有利基因的分子标记,利用毛细管电泳基因分型技术,将Wxb、fgr、Xa23、Pi2、Pi46以及Pita 6个稻米品质、香味、抗白叶枯病和抗稻瘟病相关功能基因进行聚合利用。通过多世代的田间生物学性状调查,米质、抗性等表型鉴定,获得14份以恢复系华占为遗传背景,目标基因纯合的优质、双抗和香型稳定的水稻株系。依据材料稳定遗传特性,将改良后代株系与生产应用的不育系进行测配和组合的调查评价,筛选获得潜在优良杂交稻。在育种进程中采用"多基因聚合-早世代组配"策略,实现多个有利基因快速聚合,定向改良稻米品质和抗病性等关键性状,并且促进杂交水稻组合的高效选育。 相似文献
3.
水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi35功能性分子标记的开发及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻瘟病是水稻生产上的严重病害,利用抗病基因培育抗病品种是控制稻瘟病最经济而有效的措施。在日本,稻瘟病部分抗性基因Pi35作为广谱持久抗性基因已广泛应用于水稻育种和稻瘟病防治实践。但是,Pi35基因在我国的资源和品种中的分布情况不清,制约了这一重要基因在我国育种实践中的应用,急需开发实用的分子标记,并系统研究该基因在我国的品种及其亲本中的分布情况,为稻瘟病抗性育种服务。本研究通过比对抗、感品种中Pi35等位基因序列,发现一个能检测抗、感病性差异的特异SNP(3780 T),并据此开发了Pi35基因的功能性分子标记Pi35-d CAPS。利用该标记检测了抗源藤系138的衍生品种10份、微核心种质204份和主栽品种67份,结合测序鉴定,确认5份藤系138衍生品种(垦鉴稻3号、垦鉴稻6号、垦稻8号、绥粳3号和龙粳34)及2份微核心种质(粳稻品种抚宁紫皮粳子和籼稻品种细麻线)携带Pi35基因。本研究结果为通过分子育种手段高效利用Pi35基因改良我国水稻(特别是籼稻)品种的稻瘟病抗性提供了手段。 相似文献
4.
Downy mildew (DM) caused by Peronospora arborescens is the most destructive disease of opium poppy which assumes considerable importance in India and other poppy growing countries.
The present study was aimed at identification and evaluation of stable resistance sources of DM in opium poppy. Furthermore,
genetic variability and inheritance pattern of DM resistance has also been studied which can help in making strategy for crop
improvement. Evaluation of 35 selected germplasm accessions of opium poppy under glasshouse and field conditions during the
three consecutive years (2004–2005 to 2006–2007) resulted in identification of two genotypes (I-14 and Pps-1) as highly resistant
and stable sources for DM resistance. Genetic studies of DM resistance revealed polygenic control with the dominance of susceptibility
over resistance. Significant reciprocal differences were found largely due to maternal transmission of DM resistance indicating
the involvement of cytoplasmic genes in addition to nuclear control. Analysis of genetic variability and selection parameters
indicated predominance of additive effects for DM resistance and other yield contributing traits. Multivariate analysis resulted
in classification of 35 selected accessions into 11 different clusters revealing very high level of diversity among the genotypes.
Cluster analysis suggested that hybridization program involving genotypes from cluster V (which included highly resistant
genotypes Pps-1 and I-14) and cluster IX (which included highly susceptible Jawahar-16 having good economically important
traits like seed yield) could be expected to give best recombinants for improvement in terms of DM resistance and high seed
and straw yield in opium poppy. Analysis of selection parameters like heritability and genetic advance also suggested that
simple selection methods will be effective in stabilizing resistance traits following hybridization with high yielding genotypes. 相似文献
5.
利用分子标记辅助选择聚合水稻Pi-ta、Pi-b和Wx-mq基因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,优良食味粳稻品种南粳46、南粳5055和南粳9108在江苏等地大面积推广,促进了优质稻米产业的发展。但这些品种均不抗稻瘟病,且缺乏适合在淮北地区种植的中熟中粳型优良食味粳稻品种。本研究以同时携带稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-ta和Pi-b的江苏抗病、高产粳稻品种武粳15为母本,携带低直链淀粉含量基因Wx-mq的优良食味粳稻品种南粳5055为父本配置杂交组合进行聚合育种。利用Pi-ta和Pi-b基因的分子标记多重PCR体系以及Wx-mq基因的四引物扩增受阻突变体系PCR检测技术,分别在不同的分离世代对目标基因位点进行检测,结合田间多代选育、抗性鉴定和籽粒胚乳外观鉴定,成功地将Pi-ta、Pi-b和Wx-mq基因聚合于一体,选育出稻瘟病抗性好、食味品质优、产量高的水稻新品系"南粳0051",适合在江苏省淮北地区种植。本研究将三套自主研发的PCR检测体系成功应用于分子标记辅助选择,不仅为水稻多基因聚合育种提供了快捷、高效的选择方法,也为水稻抗病、优质育种创制了新的种质资源。 相似文献
6.
N. L. Innes 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):23-31
Summary Genetic variation in crop species and their wild relatives holds the key to the successful breeding of improved crop cultivars with durable resistance to disease. The importance of the conservation, characterization and utilization of plant genetic resources nationally and internationally has been recognised, though much remains to be done. Gene banks have now been established in many countries and at most of the international crop research centres. Cell and tissue culture techniques and biotechnological aids have done much to ensure the creation and safe transfer of healthy germplasm around the world. Multidisciplinary, international research and collaboration are essential to the successful breeding of improved disease resistant cultivars. Examples are given of the effective use of genetic resources in breeding disease resistant cultivars of a number of crops, including cotton, rice, potatoes and pearl millet. 相似文献
7.
水稻抗稻瘟病Pigm(t)基因的分子标记辅助选择与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在快速改良武运粳29196的稻瘟病抗性。采用定向回交育种策略,运用分子标记辅助选择技术和花药培养技术,快速改良武运粳29196的稻瘟病抗性。以籼稻品种谷梅4号为稻瘟病抗性基因Pigm(t)的供体,以高产易感稻瘟病的品系武运粳29196为受体,在连续回交和自交过程中,利用与Pigm(t)紧密连锁的In Dels标记S95477和S29742进行分子标记辅助选择。在BC2F1世代,进行花药培养,获得185个双单倍体群体(DH群体),从中筛选出82个含有Pigm(t)基因的改良株系。在经过对农艺性状、稻瘟病抗性的系统鉴定与稻米品质性状测定后,发现改良株系DH036和DH158的综合性状与武运粳29196已十分相近,且稻米品质有所提升,保持了武运粳29196丰产性的同时,稻瘟病抗性有了明显的提高。利用定向回交、花药培养和分子标记辅助选择相结合的技术体系,可明显提高稻瘟病抗性改良的预见性和准确性,缩短育种年限、加快育种进程。新育成的武运粳29196抗性改良系,为稻瘟病抗性育种提供了重要的遗传资源。 相似文献
8.
Genetic gain in field crops is usually estimated as the collective contribution of several breeding programmes. Critical to an individual breeder, however, is the genetic gain realized within a single programme. Our objective was to quantify per-annum genetic gains from 1969 to 1993 within two successive phases of experimental line testing in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programme of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. Data for grain yield (Phases I and II), volume weight and heading date (Phase II) were analysed according to the procedure developed by St. Martin and McBlain (1991). Genetic gains for grain yield were indistinguishable between phases, averaging 4.6 ± 1.1 and 4.2 ± 1.3% of the control mean across the 24-year period. Genetic gain for volume weight averaged only 0.2% of the check mean, reflecting lower selection pressure for that trait compared to grain yield. Inconsistent genetic gains in heading date reflect a preference for a window of desirable heading dates rather than difficulties in selecting uni-directionally for maturity. The absence of a decline in genetic gain in recent years indicates that future improvement in grain yield is likely; however, increased attention must be given to volume weight to maintain US domestic and export standards for hard winter wheat. The statistical procedure was useful in monitoring long-term trends in genetic gains and identifying gaps in programme efficiency. 相似文献
9.
用选自陆海杂交后代的抗蚜选系抗７７为母本与具中棉亲缘的丰产品种江苏棉１号杂交，后代与父本江苏棉１号回交２次，经２０代综合鉴定和多性状定向选育的川棉１０９。该品种抗棉蚜，抗枯萎病和立枯病，耐黄萎病，耐旱，抗倒，耐瘠薄；并克服了陆地棉密茸毛与短纤维的连锁，将抗虫与抗病、丰产与优质有机组合；综合性状鉴定为国内领先和国际先进水平．目前己累积推广２７万ｈｍ２，是利用多质资源培育多抗型丰产品种的实例。多质资源是前提，多抗性、强生长势、强补偿力等构成了川棉１０９丰产稳产的综合遣传优势。启示育种目标日趋综合的现代棉花育种应选择宽广的质源，培育多抗性取代单抗性，并以胁迫和非胁迫双重条件下的产量比较为核心，实现抗性与丰产性的统一。 相似文献
10.
水稻条纹叶枯病抗性育种研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用日本育成的抗条纹叶枯病优质粳稻品种,与江苏高产品种杂交,将其条纹叶枯病抗性导入江苏高产粳稻品种,达到有利基因的聚合,改良现有粳稻品种的条纹叶枯病抗性。结果表明,在充分发病的自然条件下对条纹叶枯病抗性选择的效果十分明显,只要具有一定的选择压,很容易选择到抗性好的株系。关东194是一个优良的条纹叶枯病抗源亲本,在粳稻条纹叶枯病抗性改良和品质改良中值得加以利用。通过连续3年的定向选择,已经获得一批抗条纹叶枯病的优良品种（系）。其中“宁4009”已于2007年1月通过江苏省审定,定名为“南粳44”。 相似文献
11.
Francielly de Cássia Pereira Adriano Teodoro Bruzi José Wilacildo de Matos Breno Alvarenga Rezende Luis Claudio Prado José Airton Rodrigues Nunes 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(5):679-687
The goal of this study was to verify the influence of the population effect in the estimates of genetic and phenotypic components and to identify the best soybean progeny or lines in a commercial soybean breeding programme. We evaluated 292 populations for grain yield and absolute maturity during three agricultural years. To quantify the efficiency of the inclusion of the population's effect in the model, we estimated genetic gain with the selection, the Spearman's correlation, the coincidence index, the realized gain and correlated response of selected genotypes with and without the effect of the population. It was found that the variance components, heritability and coefficient of experimental variation were better estimated when the effect of the population was included, providing greater gain with selection for grain yield and absolute maturity. Coincidence and ranking among the selected progeny with and without the effect of the population are of greater magnitude in more advanced inbreeding generations and at higher percentage of selected progeny. The use of the population effect has greater importance in earlier generations of inbreeding. 相似文献
12.
普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)抗稻褐飞虱新基因的鉴定与利用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
稻褐飞虱(BPH,NilaparvatalugensSt#l)是中国和世界稻区最严重的水稻害虫之一,发现和利用新抗性基因和进行抗性种质创新对于稻褐飞虱抗性品种的培育具有重要的意义。本研究进行了1200多份普通野生稻(OryzarufipogonGriff)种质对多种BPH生物型的抗性鉴定,获得了30份抗性资源,其中6份对分布于世界主要稻区的稻褐飞虱生物型1和2、孟加拉、湄公河(越南)、九龙江(越南)、潘特纳加(印度)等6种生物型或其中5种具有广谱高抗性。遗传分析证明了这些种质对BPH生物型2和九龙江生物型的抗性受2对重复作用隐性基因控制,对潘特纳加生物型的抗性受1对隐性基因控制,表明抗源对不同褐飞虱生物型具有不同的遗传机制。普通野生稻材料2183存在的2对隐性基因很可能是新发现的基因,因为在这些染色体区域还没报道有BPH抗性基因,这两对基因暂命名为bph18(t)和bph19(t)。研究总共培育出143份抗性创新种质和6份抗性品系或高产优质杂交水稻组合,这些优良的抗性创新种质为培育抗性新品种建立了坚实的基础。 相似文献
13.
标记辅助培育水稻抗稻褐飞虱和稻白叶枯病基因聚合系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
稻白叶枯病和稻褐飞虱是水稻的主要病虫害,利用优良的抗性基因培育抗性基因聚合系对于防治稻白叶枯病和稻褐飞虱具有重要意义。本研究通过回交与分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,将抗稻白叶枯病基因Xa23和抗稻褐飞虱基因Bph3分别导入主栽杂交水稻品种的保持系先B、天B、盟B、龙特甫B和桂B中。结果表明,获得稳定的单抗性基因导入系1436份和双抗性基因聚合系144份。人工接种鉴定结果显示,Xa23导入系和Xa23Bph3聚合系对抗稻白叶枯水平达到中抗和接近高抗的水平(1.1～3.0级),Bph3导入系和Xa23Bph3聚合系抗褐飞虱水平达中抗到抗的级别(3.2～4.0级)。农艺性状分析显示多数抗性基因聚合系的株高、剑叶长宽度、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等主要农艺性状与受体差异不显著,只有少数聚合系有1～2个性状的差异。SSR标记分析表明抗性基因聚合系的遗传背景回复率达89.6%～97.8%,等位性位点纯合度达95.6%～99.9%。初步证明本研究已成功地获得抗稻白叶枯病和稻褐飞虱基因的聚合系,这些抗性改良保持系具有良好的应用前景,并为建立完善的分子设计育种平台提供了重要育种材料基础。 相似文献
14.
Bernard Tivoli Alain Baranger Carmen M. Avila Sabine Banniza Martin Barbetti Weidong Chen Jenny Davidson Kurt Lindeck Mohammed Kharrat Diego Rubiales Mohamed Sadiki Josefina C. Sillero Mark Sweetingham Fred J. Muehlbauer 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):223-253
Summary Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupin) cause wide spread disease
and severe crop losses throughout the world. Environmental conditions play an important role in the development and spread
of these diseases. Form of inoculum, inoculum concentration and physiological plant growth stage all affect the degree of
infection and the amount of crop loss. Measures to control these diseases have relied on identification of resistant germplasm
and development of resistant varieties through screening in the field and in controlled environments. Procedures for screening
and scoring germplasm and breeding lines for resistance have lacked uniformity among the various programs worldwide. However,
this review highlights the most consistent screening and scoring procedures that are simple to use and provide reliable results.
Sources of resistance to the major necrotrophic fungi are summarized for each of the cool season food legumes. Marker-assisted
selection is underway for Ascochyta blight of pea, lentil and chickpea, and Phomopsis blight of lupin. Other measures such
as fungicidal control and cultural control are also reviewed. The emerging genomic information on the model legume, Medicago truncatula, which has various degrees of genetic synteny with the cool season food legumes, has promise for identification of closely
linked markers for resistance genes and possibly for eventual map-based cloning of resistance genes. Durable resistance to
the necrotrophic pathogens is a common goal of cool season food legume breeders. 相似文献
15.
16.
以8个不同亲本构建的遗传上相互关联的多亲本高代互交系(multi-parents advanced generation inter-cross, MAGIC)群体,包括2个4亲本群体(DC1和DC2)和1个8亲本群体(DC3)为材料,接种我国白叶枯病强致病力V型菌系(GD-V)和弱致病力II型菌系(C2),关联分析定位MAGIC群体对白叶枯病的抗性QTL,筛选抗病种质。结果表明,大多数亲本对C2菌系表现抗病,而对GD-V表现感病,3个MAGIC群体的病斑长度均出现超亲分离。共检测到7个白叶枯病抗性QTL,大多表现数量抗性,而且抗性QTL表达存在明显的遗传背景效应。QBbr11-1和QBbr11-2受遗传背景影响较小,具有一定的育种应用价值。从3个群体筛选出8份不同抗病QTL聚合的抗病材料,表明质量抗性基因和水平抗性数量性状位点的结合可以显著提高抗性水平。8份不同抗病QTL的聚合系可以用作抗病育种的中间抗源。研究结果表明,MAGIC群体可以将遗传研究和育种应用有机结合,是遗传研究和开展标记辅助育种的理想群体。 相似文献
17.
To enhance efficiency of breeding programmes for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in sunflower capitula, two separate resistance tests have been recommended. However, the time necessary to develop
genotypes with two types of resistance makes this impractical. A strategy to combine the two tests was consequently proposed
to reduce the number of seasons per selection cycle, but genetic studies were necessary to determine if it could be applied
in breeding programmes. This was the objective of this work. Data from two genetically different sunflower inbred lines and
their F1, F2 and backcross generations were analysed in two years to determine the genetics of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in capitula measured by application on the same plants of a mycelium test combined with an ascospore test. Effects of maternal
origin were detected when the reciprocal generations were evaluated for the mycelium test. This suggests the importance of
choice of the inbred line used as female in population formation by hybridisation. Progeny subjected to the mycelium test
did not show any change in relative reactions to two S. sclerotiorum isolates suggesting that ranking genotypes according to the results of combined S. sclerotiorum tests is repeatable across Sclerotinia isolates and experimental seasons. Moderate narrow sense heritability indicated that selection of the best F2 plants should
be effective. Genetic gain from selection is possible because a reduction of lesion areas produced by the mycelium test can
be expected. Additive gene effects contribute significantly to reduction in lesion area. Consequences of results in population
improvement for S. sclerotiorum resistance in capitula are discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production must increase 2% annually until 2020 to meet future demands. Breeding wheat cultivars with increased grain
yield potential, enhanced water-use efficiency, heat tolerance, end-use quality, and durable resistance to important diseases
and pests can contribute to meet at least half of the desired production increases. The remaining half must come through better
agronomic and soil management practices and incentive policies. Analyses of the recent International Yield Trials indicate
that grain yields of the best new entries were usually 10% higher than the local checks globally, as well as within a country
across sites. Variation in yield across sites within a country/region underline the role of genotype × environment (GE) interaction
and provides opportunities to select for stable genotypes, which is not often done. The lack of proper analysis undermines
proper utilization of germplasm with high yield potential and stability in the national wheat breeding programs. Some of the
best performers in irrigated areas were amongst the best in semiarid environments, reinforcing the fact that high yield potential
and drought tolerance can be improved simultaneously. The best performing lines often had genotypic base of widely adapted
genotypes Kauz, Attila, Baviacora, and Pastor, with genetic contributions from other parents including synthetic wheat. We
recommend within country multilocation analysis of trial performance for a crop season to identify lines suiting particular
or different locations within a country. The immediate feedback on GE interaction will also help in breeding lines for countries
having substantial variation across locations and years. 相似文献
19.
水稻抗白叶枯病基因的聚合育种 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
白叶枯病是严重危害水稻生产的重要病害之一,利用聚合多个抗性基因的水稻品种是控制该病害的有效途径。本研究以携带Xa4、xa5、xa13、Xa214个抗白叶枯病基因的IRBB60与8个水稻新品系,组配8个杂交组合.应用分子标记辅助选择技术从F2和F3群体中共获得216个携带4个抗白叶枯病基因的纯合体。用华南地区的5个白叶枯病病原菌小种进行田间接种的试验表明,4个抗性基因聚合系的抗性水平高于只带1个抗性基因的近等基因系。这些聚合系可用作华南地区高抗白叶枯病水稻品种育种的亲本材料。 相似文献
20.
Peyman Norouzi Piergiorgio Stevanato Seyed Bagher Mahmoudi Parviz Fasahat Enrico Biancardi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(2):99-105
The yield of sugar beet depends mainly on the effective protection to a number of pests and diseases affecting the crop. In the absence of actual methods of management, as in the case of viral diseases, the availability of genetic resistance sometimes allows the survival of the crop in the affected areas. Integration of molecular markers in conventional breeding procedures has provided a reliable means for improving the efficiency of selection methods. The present review summarizes the evolution, thanks to the application of molecular techniques, of traditional breeding for resistance to some biotic stresses in sub-arid environments. 相似文献