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1.
旨在比较胚胎期和成年期双峰驼瘤胃在组织形态、编码基因表达上的变化,挖掘影响双峰驼瘤胃发育的关键基因和通路,从消化系统探究双峰驼的沙漠适应性机制。本研究选取3峰10~12岁健康状况良好的成年期阿拉善双峰驼,以及3峰9~10月龄健康状况良好的胚胎期阿拉善双峰驼,采集瘤胃组织样品,制作石蜡组织切片,观察成年期与胚胎期双峰驼瘤胃,比较其组织结构之间的差异。分别提取成年期和胚胎期双峰驼的瘤胃组织总RNA,利用Illumination Hiseq 2000测序平台分别进行转录组测序,对转录组数据进行质控、比对、差异基因筛选、GO、KEGG富集分析。随机选择6个差异表达基因进行荧光定量试验,关联转录组数据与荧光定量试验的表达趋势。结果表明,胚胎期瘤胃组织中上皮细胞和肌纤维细胞清晰可见,分布密集,在成年期的瘤胃组织中,可见明显的肌纤维,肌纤维直径较宽,肌纤维间的空隙较大。转录组测序结果显示,每个样本获得至少10G的数据量,各样本的质控率都在90%以上,Q30数据都在88%以上。对测序数据进行分析,以胚胎期为对照组,成年期为试验组,筛选到1 207个差异表达基因,其中上调基因456个,下调基因751个;对差异表达基因进行层次聚类分析,结果显示,成年期的3个个体（M1、M2、M3）表达模式接近,胚胎期的3个个体（T1、T2、T3）表达模式接近。对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,结果显示,上调差异表达基因显著富集到62条显著的GO条目,下调差异表达基因显著富集到366条显著的GO条目,73条显著的KEGG通路。差异表达基因主要富集在代谢过程的负调控、RNA生物合成过程的负调控、基因表达的负调控等GO条目中,KEGG主要富集到MAPK信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号、胰岛素信号通路、醛固酮的合成与分泌等通路中。同时筛选到MAPK12、MAPK13、FABP5、PPARγ、CaMK1等与双峰驼沙漠适应性相关的基因。荧光定量结果显示,差异基因在成年期和胚胎期瘤胃组织中的表达模式与RNA-Seq的结果一致。上述结果表明,双峰驼的瘤胃组织可能与脂肪细胞分化有关。在沙漠环境中,双峰驼可能降低瘤胃组织代谢效率、通过胰岛素抵抗作用提高血糖耐受性以及促进醛固酮的合成与分泌以调节血压平衡,以更好地在沙漠干燥缺水的环境中生存。 相似文献
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双峰驼具有独特的繁殖生理机能，是季节发情、诱导排卵的动物。文章对双峰驼繁殖特性和卵泡发育及诱导排卵因子的发现、分离和纯化、部分生物学性质等方面的研究进展进行了简要综述。 相似文献
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Nagarajan G Swami SK Ghorui SK Pathak KM Singh RK Patil NV 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):420-426
The cDNAs of three cytokines, viz., IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ from Dromedary camels were amplified by PCR using Bactrian camel sequences and subsequently cloned for sequence analysis. Relationship based on amino acid sequences revealed that Dromedary camel IL-2 shared 99.5% and 99.3% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels with Bactrian camel IL-2. In the case of IL-4, the identity of Dromedary camel was 99.7% and 99.2% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively with that of Bactrian camel. The Dromedary camel IFN-γ shared 100% identity both at nucleotide and amino acid levels with Bactrian camel IFN-γ. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences indicated the close relationship in these cytokine genes between the Dromedary camel and other camelids. 相似文献
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Abstracts: LVII Annual Meeting of the Italian Society for Veterin Ary Sciences (SISVET), Ischia 2003
The Bactrian camel is an important domestic animal in some of the desert and semi-desert areas of the world. However, there is no detailed report about the nervous supply to the nasal cavity of the Bactrian camel. In the present study, seven heads of adult Bactrian camels were collected and the nerve distribution in the nasal cavity was dissected grossly. The results demonstrated that the nerves supplying to the nasal cavity included the olfactory nerve, the ethmoidal nerve from the ophthalmic nerve, and the caudal nerve from the maxillary nerve. The general patterns of nervous distribution in the nasal cavity of the Bactrian camel corresponded with those of other domestic animals. However, the terminal nerve was not observed by this gross anatomical method in the Bactrian camel. 相似文献
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Qi SS Wang WH Gao Q Xu XH He WH Zhaxi YP Tai LF 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1219-1223
The distribution, size, and appearance of Peyer's patches vary according to species. In order to determine the anatomical
characteristics of Peyer's patches in small intestine of Bactrian camel, and age-related changes in the number of Peyer's
patches, 40 Bactrian camels of the following four age groups were studied: young (0.5–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged
(6–16 years), and old (17–20 years). The exact number of Peyer's patches was recorded, and the appearance of Peyer's patches
was described in detail. The results indicated that Peyer's patches of Bactrian camels not only have a particular anatomical
location and distinct appearance but also change with age. They were distributed in the whole small intestine and there were
four distinct types of Peyer's patches: nodular, faviform, cup-shaped, and cystic form Peyer's patches. However, the nodular
and cystic form Peyer’s patches are specific to Bactrian camel, which have not been found in other animals including Dromedary
camel. In addition, the distribution density of Peyer's patches in ileum was the maximum, then was jejunum and duodenum. Further
statistical analysis showed that the number of Peyer's patches was altered with age. The number peaked in 5-year-old camels
and declined subsequently with age. However, there was little change in the size of Peyer's patches in different age groups;
no age-related macroscopic variations in the shape or size of the Peyer's patches were found. Results obtained from this study
provide the basic information to further study on the gastrointestinal mucosal immunity of Bactrian camel. 相似文献
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应用组织学方法观察了雌性空怀双峰驼生殖道的形态结构。结果显示，双峰驼生殖道的基本结构与其他哺乳动物相似，但微细结构有差异。双峰驼输卵管粘膜皱襞极其发达，分支多而呈复杂的网状迷路。皱襞基部的迷路酷似固有膜而存在腺体，迷路网格内常见细胞团块。虽然双峰驼怀孕时胎儿位于左侧子宫角，但左、右子宫角以及子宫体的组织结构基本相同。子宫内膜无肉阜，上皮下陷于固有膜内，形成大量长而弯曲的单管状腺。子宫颈固有膜浅层分布有许多小腺体，深层分布有成群的较大腺体。这些腺体为分支管状腺，腺上皮PAS强阳性。阴道粘膜上皮为复层上皮。从输卵管到阴道，粘膜上皮主要为单层柱状上皮，由纤毛细胞和分泌细胞组成，局部可见假复层柱状纤毛上皮。纤毛细胞由前向后逐渐减少，但在子宫颈仍可见到。粘膜上皮和腺上皮内夹有许多淋巴细胞或中性粒细胞，后段局部甚至见到这些免疫细胞浸润于上皮细胞间。固有膜内分布有大量淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、浆细胞和巨噬细胞，有时出现淋巴滤泡。 相似文献
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A study concerning performance traits of the Ethiopian camel indicated that, in the camel herds examined, there was one active bull camel for 25 females. The bull camel was 5 years old at puberty; it reached rutting vigour at the age of 9 years, the number of mountings per day was 8 during the breeding season, and the reproduction span was 10 years. The female camel reached puberty at 4 years of age; the age at first calving was 5 years, and the lactation period was one year; the calving interval was 2 years, the calving rate was 50%, and the reproduction span was 10–15 years. The survival rate of the newborn calves was 50%. The average milk yield was 2.5 L per day; the price of camel's milk was higher than that of cow's milk at US$0.5. Adult camels weighed around 500 kg; the dressing-out percentage was 52%. Mutton was preferred to camel meat, which came second in popularity, costing US$2/kg. Owing to their poor reproductive performance, camels are not efficient for producing meat. The camels worked for 16 h per day, covering 60 km. Animal health problems encountered were trypanosomosis, camel pox, camel pustular dermatitis, camel cephalopsis, dermatomycosis, mange mite, tick infestation and balantidiosis, most of which mainly affected the young animals. 相似文献
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Human–Dromedary Camel Interactions and the Risk of Acquiring Zoonotic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection 
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下载免费PDF全文 C. Gossner N. Danielson A. Gervelmeyer F. Berthe B. Faye K. Kaasik Aaslav C. Adlhoch H. Zeller P. Penttinen D. Coulombier 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(1):1-9
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) cases without documented contact with another human MERS‐CoV case make up 61% (517/853) of all reported cases. These primary cases are of particular interest for understanding the source(s) and route(s) of transmission and for designing long‐term disease control measures. Dromedary camels are the only animal species for which there is convincing evidence that it is a host species for MERS‐CoV and hence a potential source of human infections. However, only a small proportion of the primary cases have reported contact with camels. Other possible sources and vehicles of infection include food‐borne transmission through consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and raw meat, medicinal use of camel urine and zoonotic transmission from other species. There are critical knowledge gaps around this new disease which can only be closed through traditional field epidemiological investigations and studies designed to test hypothesis regarding sources of infection and risk factors for disease. Since the 1960s, there has been a radical change in dromedary camel farming practices in the Arabian Peninsula with an intensification of the production and a concentration of the production around cities. It is possible that the recent intensification of camel herding in the Arabian Peninsula has increased the virus' reproductive number and attack rate in camel herds while the ‘urbanization’ of camel herding increased the frequency of zoonotic ‘spillover’ infections from camels to humans. It is reasonable to assume, although difficult to measure, that the sensitivity of public health surveillance to detect previously unknown diseases is lower in East Africa than in Saudi Arabia and that sporadic human cases may have gone undetected there. 相似文献
10.
内蒙古地区健康及患阴道蝇蛆病双峰驼的主要血液指标比较分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(4):8-8
旨在了解内蒙古地区健康及患阴道蝇蛆病双峰驼的主要血液指标之间的差异。从内蒙古阿拉善左旗等地采集健康及患阴道蝇蛆病双峰驼血液样本107份,采用瑞氏染色法和吉姆萨染色法对制备的血液涂片进行染色,观察并比较健康及患病双峰驼血液的红细胞与白细胞的形态特征;利用血液细胞分析仪测定血液样本的血细胞含量,并对相同及不同地区的健康及患病双峰驼的主要血常规指标进行统计学分析;应用比值方法估计血液样本的血浆含量。结果表明,患病驼血液中的嗜碱性粒细胞含量较少,嗜酸性粒细胞含量较多,且血小板含量较健康驼多;来自相同地区的患病驼与健康驼的各种血细胞含量无显著差异（P〉0.05）;不同地区的健康驼血细胞含量趋于平稳,但不同地区的患病驼血细胞含量变化存在较大波动;双峰驼的血浆含量为0.349 0-0.736 5,患阴道蝇蛆病的双峰驼血浆含量普遍高于健康双峰驼。 相似文献
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Junzheng Du Shandian Gao Huiyun Chang Guozheng Cong Tong Lin Junjun Shao Zaixin Liu Xiangtao Liu Xuepeng Cai 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,131(3-4):190-199
Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species. 相似文献
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J. Kinne N. A. Wani U. Wernery J. Peters C. Knospe 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2010,39(5):479-480
It has been postulated that the one‐humped (Arabian) dromedary and the two‐humped (Bactrian) camel originated from a single ancestor. Consequently, the dromedary was considered a breed of the two‐humped camel, based on an anatomical study by Lombardini L, 1879: Ann. Del. Universita Toscane, 259 , 147, who described a reduced second hump like structure in foetal and adult dromedaries. To resolve this lingering issue, we analysed dromedary foetuses and calves. In contrast to the situation in two‐humped camels, we never observed any rudimentary second hump in the dromedary foetuses or calves. 相似文献
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为了解中国双峰驼群体的遗传多样性及不同种群间的遗传进化关系,本研究采用微卫星标记技术,对中国阿拉善驼、青海驼、南疆驼、北疆驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼6个双峰驼群体进行了遗传多样性分析。通过计算杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因（Ne）、Shannon信息指数等分析群体内遗传变异,通过计算F-统计量、基因流、遗传分化系数、遗传距离等分析群体间遗传进化关系。结果显示,10个微卫星位点共检测到了89个等位基因,平均每个位点检测到8.9个等位基因;所有位点均属中高度多态位点（YWLL08除外）,平均PIC值在0.488~0.752之间;6个群体观测杂合度值（0.355~0.448）都低于期望杂合度值（0.643~0.703）;几乎所有位点的Shannon指数都>1,且处于哈代-温伯格不平衡状态（P< 0.05）。群体间遗传分化系数Fst值为0.059,处于较低程度的中等分化状态; 6个双峰驼群体的平均Fis值均为正值,说明6个双峰驼群体都存在不同程度的近交。基于标准遗传距离DS和遗传距离DA进行聚类分析,南疆驼和北疆驼聚为一支,阿拉善驼、青海驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼4个群体聚为一支。研究表明,中国双峰驼遗传多样性丰富,群体内遗传变异较大,存在一定近交现象;群体间存在着一定的基因流动,群体间的分化主要由群体内的遗传变异造成;6个群体分为2个类群。 相似文献
16.
Levine DG Smith JJ Richardson DW Brown V Beech J Habecker P Adam E 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(3):437-441
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-month-old male Bactrian camel was examined because of a 3-week history of lameness of the left hind limb. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Lameness was initially detected in the left hind limb but resolved and was detected in the right hind limb during treatment. Lameness increased during periods of rapid growth. Radiography revealed multiple small opacities of the medullary cavity of several long bones throughout treatment. Core bone biopsies of lesions in the tibiae revealed lamellar bone with areas of loose connective tissue, osteoblasts in the medullary cavity, and periosteal new bone formation, all which were consistent with panosteitis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Palliative treatment was attempted with epidural and transdermal administration of analgesics. Flunixin meglumine was administered PO, which coincided with an abrupt increase in serum creatinine concentration. Performance of multiple diagnostic bone biopsies led to remission of clinical signs of pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Panosteitis should be a differential diagnosis for shifting limb lameness in young camels. Bone biopsies can be useful for diagnosis of panosteitis and possible relief of pain associated with the disease. Bactrian camels may be susceptible to the renal toxicity of flunixin meglumine, especially when dehydrated. 相似文献
17.
In order to understand the genetic diversity of Bactrian camel and the genetic evolutionary relationships between different populations,the genetic diversity of Alashan camel, Qinghai camel, Nanjiang camel, Beijiang camel, Subei camel and Sunite camel populations in China were analyzed using 10 microsatellite markers. By calculating heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele (Ne), Shannon information index, the genetic variation within populations were analyzed. By calculating the F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation coefficient and genetic distance to analyze the genetic relationship between populations. The results showed that 89 alleles were tested at the 10 microsatellite loci,8.9 alleles were tested at every locus in average. All loci were medium-highly polymorphic loci (except YWLL08),the average PIC of the Bactrian camel population was between 0.488 to 0.752. The observed heterozygosity (0.355 to 0.448) of 6 Bactrian camel populations was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.643 to 0.703). Almost all loci Shannon index was greater than 1,and most of loci were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. The genetic differentiation coefficient between groups (Fst) value was 0.059 and in the low degree of moderately differentiated state. The average Fis values of 6 Bactrian camel populations were positive which suggested 6 Bactrian camel populations had different levels of inbreeding. The standard genetic distance (DS) and genetic distance T (DA) clustering analysis showed that the Nanjiang camel and Beijiang camel jointed as one group, the Alxa camel, Qinghai camel, Subei camel, Sunite camel jointed as the other group. Research showed that Chinese Bactrian camel was abundant in genetic diversity, genetic variation within population was larger, and there was a phenomenon of inbreeding. There was a certain gene flow between populations, the differentiation of populations were mainly caused by genetic variation within population. 6 Chinese Bactrian camel populations were divided into two groups. 相似文献
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Seven heads and necks of Bactrian camels were dissected to investigate the origin, course, branches anddistribution of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve in the cranial cervical region. The spinal root and external branch of the accessory nerve were not present, but there was a delicate communicating branch between the dorsal root of the first cervical nerve and the root of the vagus nerve. The sternocephalic muscle was innervated by the second cervical nerve while the brachiocephalic and trapezius muscles were supplied by the sixth and seventh cervical nerves. In the head and cranial cervical region of the Bactrian camel the vagus nerve gave oft the auricular branch, pharyngeal branch, cranial laryngeal nerve, a common trunk to the larynx, oesophagus and trachea, and some communicating branches connecting with the glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, first cervical nerves and the cranial cervical ganglion. 相似文献
19.
Guoqiang Yuan Jinghong Ma Wenling Ye Zhongtian Bai Jianlin Wang 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(4):367-377
The aim of present study was to determine the origin, distribution and course of the coronary arteries in Bactrian camels.
Ten hearts of adult healthy Bactrian camels of different sex constituted the material. Following exposition of the arteries
by means of injection of 15% ABS coloured with red carmine to a. coronaria sinistra and a. coronaria dextra, dissection was
performed. The arterial vascularization of the heart in Bactrian camels was determined to be supplied by a. coronaria sinistra
and a. coronaria dextra which originate from the aorta. The results showed that ramus interventricularis subsinuosus is one
branch of a. coronaria dextra in Bactrian camels, which is characteristic of a. coronaria dextra pattern. Ramus septi interventricularis
that supplied the interventricular septum mainly originates from ramus interventricular paraconalis. Two muscular bridges
ware observed crossing ramus interventricular paraconalis in the middle third of sulcus interventricularis paraconalis. Muscular
bridge was not found above ramus interventricularis subsinuosus in this study. 相似文献
20.
为探究青海野生草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）低温胁迫下的分子应答机制,本试验以青海省野生草地早熟禾耐寒材料‘10-122’和低温敏感材料‘09-126’为研究对象,采用高通量Illumina Hiseq测序技术分析了在低温胁迫与常温对照间的转录组差异。结果表明：‘10-122’共有31 943个差异表达基因,其中,17 088个差异表达基因上调表达,14 855个差异表达基因下调表达;‘09-126’共有25 905个差异表达基因,其中,13 513个差异表达基因上调表达,12 392个差异表达基因下调表达;对2种材料进行差异表达基因富集分析,得出差异表达基因低温胁迫下在光合作用、氧化还原反应过程、碳水化合物代谢、细胞膜系统、转运蛋白以及次生物代谢中富集显著;此外,一些钙信号调节、激素代谢和信号传导、抗氧化系统、碳水化合物代谢等通路的基因仅在耐寒型种质材料‘10-122’上调表达,可作为潜在的抗寒基因,如CML、CPK、CALM、DHAR、GST、NCED、SNRK2、BSK、CKX、BIN2、ARF和PEK等。 相似文献