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1.
The study objective was to determine health and performance of ranch calves from different preconditioning strategies during a 42-d receiving period when commingled with calves of unknown health histories from multiple sources. Steer calves from a single source ranch (RANCH) were weaned and immediately shipped to a feedlot (WEAN, initial BW = 247 +/- 29 kg); weaned on the ranch for 45 d before shipping, but did not receive any vaccinations (WEAN45, initial BW = 231 +/- 26 kg); or weaned, vaccinated with modified live viral vaccine, and held on the ranch for 45 d before shipping (WEANVAC45, initial BW = 274 +/- 21 kg). Multiple-source steers were purchased through auction markets (MARKET, initial BW = 238 +/- 13 kg), and upon receiving, a portion of ranch-origin steers from each weaning group was commingled with a portion of MARKET cattle (COMM). The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2 x 3 +1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were RANCH vs. COMM and weaning management (WEAN vs. WEAN45 vs. WEANVAC45) as the factors; MARKET cattle served as the control. Calves of WEAN, WEAN45, and MARKET were vaccinated on arrival at the feedlot. Ranch-origin calves tended (P = 0.06) to have greater ADG than COMM or MARKET calves, although ADG was not affected (P = 0.46) by weaning management. Across the 42-d receiving period, DMI was not affected (P = 0.85) by cattle origin. However, MARKET, WEAN45, and WEANVAC45 calves consumed more (P < 0.001) DM than WEAN calves. Gain efficiency was not affected (P > or = 0.11) by treatment. Ranch-origin calves were less (P < 0.001) likely to be treated for bovine respiratory disease than MARKET calves; COMM calves were intermediate. Calves that were retained on the ranch after weaning (WEAN45 and WEANVAC45) were also less likely to be treated (P = 0.001) than MARKET or WEAN calves. As expected, differences in morbidity related to differences in health costs. Calves of WEAN45 and WEANVAC45 had less (P < 0.001) health costs than MARKET and WEAN calves. On arrival, serum haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in MARKET and WEAN compared with WEAN45 and WEANVAC45 calves. Calves from a single source that are retained on the ranch for 45 d after weaning exhibit less morbidity and less health costs during the receiving period at the feedyard than when cattle are commingled or trucked to the feedyard immediately after weaning.  相似文献   

2.
SUMMARY Clinical, diagnostic and biochemical features of generalised glycogenosis are described In 96 Brahman-type calves. Typically the calves were presented when about 6 months of age, with III-thrift and muscular weakness as the most common signs. Acidic α-glucosidase activity was reduced in peripheral blood lymphocytes and skeletal muscle. Muscle glycogen concentration was consistently higher in affected animals than In clinically normal cattle. Other observations in affected calves Included elevation of serum aspartate amlnotransferase and creatine kinase activities and excessive amounts of high molecular weight oligosaccharides in urine. Fine cytoplasmic vacuolation of neurones In the brain and spinal cord, skeletal muscle, myocardlum and of Purkinje fibres were consistent histological observations. Periodic acid-Schlff staining revealed the presence of glycogen-like material In peripheral blood lymphocytes of all affected calves, Indicating that this is a useful aid for the diagnosis of glycogenosis. While 3 of the 96 calves showed somewhat different clinical signs, the similarity of pathology and the biochemical and clinical evidence in the remainder suggested that, In these animals, the disease was expressed as a single syndrome.  相似文献   

3.
A total of 351 single suckled beef calves were blood sampled during the first three days of life and thereafter twice weekly until five samples had been obtained. Eighty four calves suffered from diarrhoea and 23 of these died. No relationship could be found between the total circulating immune globulin level of a calf and its subsequent fate, suggesting that the syndrome with which many calves were affected is different in character from other forms of neonatal bovine diarrhoea.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
Various forms of status spongiosus occur in neonatal cattle, the best characterized of which is due to mutations of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD), resulting in bovine maple syrup urine disease (MSUD, branched-chain ketoaciduria). A distinctive neurological syndrome was identified between 1998 and 2003 in 9 calves in a 250-cow stabilized Gelbvieh-Red Angus herd. Both sexes were affected (6 heifers, 3 bulls), with a low annual incidence (3 cases in 1998; no cases in 1999; 2 cases in 2000; 2 in 2001; 1 in 2002; 1 in 2003). Affected calves were born full-term, unable to stand, and had constant whole-body tremors when stimulated. Animals remained in lateral recumbency until death or euthanasia; the longest survival time was 10 days postpartum. The principal histological change in 2 affected calves was diffuse, moderately severe bilaterally symmetrical status spongiosus with Alzheimer type II cells throughout the white matter of the brain. Myelin deficits were not evident and vacuoles were due to cleaved myelin sheaths. Neither recognized mutation of MSUD was identified in the E1a subunit of BCKD in 2 affected calves, 8 dams that gave birth to affected calves, a grand-dam of 3 affected calves, or a sire of 1 calf. Amino acid analysis of serum from 1 affected calf revealed normal concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, indicating that this disease is distinct from MSUD. The genetic and biochemical basis for the disorder, provisionally named congenital status spongiosus of Gelbvieh-cross cattle, is undetermined. The pattern of inheritance was not established.  相似文献   

6.
Thirty-four newborn polled Hereford and polled Hereford cross calves affected with a condition previously described as neuraxial oedema and six normal calves were examined. None of the affected calves were seen to stand after birth and when first examined the calves were in lateral recumbency, with extension and crossing of the hindlimbs. All the affected calves were bright and alert, could lift their heads and apparently could see and hear. When the calves were encouraged to stand spontaneous and stimulus-responsive myoclonic extensor spasms, with whole body rigidity, were consistently observed. Thirty-two of the affected calves had macroscopic lesions in the coxae. No significant pathological or biochemical lesions were observed in the central nervous system of any of the calves. The water content of the cerebellum did not differ between normal and affected calves. As oedema of the central nervous system is not a feature of this condition it is more appropriate to describe it as inherited congenital myoclonus.  相似文献   

7.
Parakeratosis was diagnosed in 9 Shorthorn beef calves over a 4-year period. When pedigrees of these calves were analyzed, familial associations were strong. Thirty-six coefficients of relationship among all possible combinations of the 9 affected calves ranged from 0.5 to 39.8% and averaged 15.6%. All affected calves were descendants of bull A. Of 9 affected calves, 6 had bull A in their paternal and maternal pedigrees. The 3 remaining affected calves had bull A in their sire's pedigree and were born to 2 full-sib dams. Seemingly, parakeratosis in this Shorthorn herd was hereditary with the mode of inheritance being that of a simple autosomal recessive.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To assess blood oxygen binding in calves with diarrhea. ANIMALS: 22 dairy and 26 double-muscled calves with diarrhea, 31 healthy dairy calves and 37 healthy double-muscled calves. PROCEDURE: Severity of disease, including the ability of affected calves to stand, was evaluated. Hydration and signs of depression were scored. Venous and arterial blood samples were collected, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, chloride, inorganic phosphate, lactate, pyruvate, total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin concentrations, and Hct, pH, Pco2, and PO2 were determined. Oxygen equilibrium curves (OEC) were constructed under standard conditions, and oxygen extraction ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Recumbent calves of both breed-types were more dehydrated and had more severe signs of depression than ambulatory affected calves. In both breed-types, hemoglobin oxygen affinity was increased in calves with diarrhea, compared with healthy calves, as indicated by a decrease in standard partial oxygen pressure (P50). Diarrhea induced hypocapnia and hypothermia in the most severely affected calves, which counteracted the acidosis-induced right shift in arterial and venous OEC. Arterial and venous P50 were significantly less in double-muscled calves with diarrhea than healthy calves, whereas P50 for affected dairy calves were similar to those of healthy calves. Except in the most severely affected dairy calves, oxygen extraction ratio was significantly less in calves with diarrhea, compared with healthy calves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Release of oxygen from blood may be impaired in calves with diarrhea, depending on the effect of the disease on certain blood biochemical variables.  相似文献   

9.
Three groups of calves (15-18 per group) were injected twice at a 3-week interval with 2 doses of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, CONTROL group), 2 doses of PRESPONSE, a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 bacterial extract vaccine (PRESPONSE-2 group) or 1 dose of PBS followed by a 2nd vaccination with 1 dose of PRESPONSE (PRESPONSE-1 group). Three weeks after the 2nd vaccination, the calves were challenged intratracheally with P. haemolytica A1. Calves were evaluated clinically for 3 days prior to challenge and for 5 days after challenge. Six days postchallenge, calves were either euthanized or sent to slaughter and the lungs were evaluated for percent pneumonic tissue. There was a significant effect of single or double application of vaccine on clinical scores (P = 0.0409). Percent pneumonic tissue at necropsy was significantly affected by vaccine group (P = 0.014). Calves in the CONTROL group had significantly higher percent pneumonic tissue after arcsine transformation (45.30%) than calves in any group receiving PRESPONSE, regardless of vaccination frequency (25.18% and 25.78%, for calves receiving 2 doses or 1 dose of PRESPONSE, respectively). Both serum toxin neutralizing and direct agglutinating titers were negatively correlated with percent pneumonic tissue. Most importantly, 1 dose of PRESPONSE was as efficient as 2 doses at eliciting a protective immune response. It is concluded that the presence of P. haemolytica as a natural commensal in the upper respiratory tract of the calf can effectively prime the animal, and allow the animal to respond in an anamnestic nature to only 1 dose of this vaccine.  相似文献   

10.
An outbreak of mucosal disease (MD) was studied in a dairy herd, comprising 12 cows, 9 heifers and 18 calves. During a period of 1 month, six 5 to 8 month-old calves showed typical signs of MD. They all died or were killed in extremis after 2-8 days with progressively worsening clinical signs. Post mortem lesions were examined in one calf. Non-cytopathogenic MD virus was isolated from serum or tissues from 3 clinically affected calves and from 1 healthy heifer. All cows and heifers except for the viremic one possessed neutralizing antibodies against bovine pestivirus. According to the current MD-pathogenesis concept, the affected calves were probably infected transplacentally during the first half of foetal life with pestivirus from the persistently infected heifer in the herd.  相似文献   

11.
Bovine diarrhea associated with Campylobacter hyointestinalis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
An enteric disease affected 16 ruminating calves. The disease was characterized by a nonspecific, mild to severe diarrhea and wasting. Two calves died during the course of disease. C. hyointestinalis was isolated from 12 to 14 calves. The antibody titers of affected calves to C. hyointestinalis varied from 1:20 to 1:160. The disease was successfully treated with chloramphenicol.  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To determine the aetiology of a syndrome characterised by facial paralysis in calves (facial paralysis syndrome; FPS); describe the epidemiology of the syndrome on an affected case farm; and define the intra-farm prevalence of affected calves, and inter-farm prevalence of affected dairy farms, in the Franklin district of New Zealand.

CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: An investigation was carried out on a town-supply dairy farm experiencing an outbreak of FPS in calves during the autumn of 2007, following a previous outbreak during the spring of 2006; 21 calves were affected in both outbreaks. Post-mortem examinations of three affected calves revealed no infectious aetiological agent in neurological tissues despite tests for viruses, bacteria and Mycoplasma species. Tests on hepatic tissues for vanadium toxicity were inconclusive.

SURVEY OF DAIRY FARMS: Results from a postal survey of 177/325 (54%) farms established the yearly prevalence of affected farms, based on farmer diagnosis, was 11%, and there was a median two (range 1–25) affected calves on those farms. There was no evidence of spatial clustering of affected farms after accounting for the underlying farm density, or of an increase in the number of affected farms between 2003 and 2007.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Facial paralysis syndrome is an unusual condition that has not been reported in other districts of New Zealand or in other countries. It is probable that this syndrome will continue to occur at a low to moderate prevalence, and have a significant impact on a small number of farms.  相似文献   

13.
Recipient beef heifers, pregnant with single demi-embryos, were paired to according to identical twin or full-sib embryo. Within pair, recipient heifers were assigned to one of two isocaloric diets containing a control or restricted level of protein (91 vs 55% of National Research Council recommendations) on d 190 of gestation. Following parturition, calves were weighed, fed 1 liter of colostrum, dried and placed in a metabolic chamber at 5 h of age for an 8-h determination of heat production (HP). Maternal body weight gains (P less than .001) during the last trimester and body condition scores at parturition (P less than .05) were reduced in heifers fed the protein-restricted diet. Calves born to heifers fed the protein-restricted diet had 11.4% lower (P less than .05) HP than calves born to control heifers (43.7 vs 49.3 kcal.kg-1.d-1). Birth weights, respiratory quotients and rectal temperatures of newborn calves were not significantly affected by prepartum protein restriction. Within treatment groups, the relationship between HP and weight was described by the equation: HP (kcal/d) = 2.30 wt1.86. The allometric exponent of 1.86 +/- .26 implied that weight-specific metabolic rate was higher rather than lower in larger weight calves. We concluded that the thermogenic ability of neonatal calves may be compromised by prepartum protein restriction and(or) small birth weights.  相似文献   

14.
Eighteen seven to 21-day-old crossbred (Bos taurus cross Bos indicus) calves were allocated to four groups (A to D). Groups A and B each consisted of six calves and groups C and D three calves each. Each calf in groups A, B and C was inoculated with ground-up tick supernate (GUTS) equivalent to two infected acini prepared from Theileria annulata-infected Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. Each calf in group A was also given a single intramuscular injection of buparvaquone, 2.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight simultaneously with GUTS, whereas each calf in group B was given a single intramuscular injection of long-acting oxytetracycline, 20 mg kg-1 bodyweight following inoculation of GUTS. In calves of group A clinicopathological reactions were negligible, whereas in calves of group B mild to severe reactions were observed resulting in the death of three of the six calves. All the calves of group C (infected, untreated controls) died of acute theileriosis. All the surviving calves of groups A and B withstood a lethal homologous challenge given on day 30 after immunisation, indicating no difference in the immune status of the surviving calves of the two groups. Group D, challenge control, all calves died of theileriosis within 18 days of challenge.  相似文献   

15.
Over a period of 3 summers, 21 colostrum-fed Holstein bull calves, 1 to 3 days old, were assigned to 7 replicates, each consisting of 3 calves. Within each replicate of 3 calves, 2 were selected at random, to be given 100,000 to 146,000 sporulated coccidia oocysts (principally Eimeria bovis) orally 60 hours after arrival at the college research farm. On the thirteenth day after coccidia inoculation, 1 of the 2 calves that had been given coccidia and the third calf that had not been inoculated, were given coronavirus by intranasal and oral routes. Calves were observed daily, and consistency of feces was scored visually. Nasal swab specimens for indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing for coronavirus and fecal samples for oocyst determination were obtained approximately every third day. Of 7 calves that were given only coronavirus, 3 developed diarrhea of short duration. Of 7 calves that were given only coccidia oocysts, 6 developed diarrhea. All 7 calves inoculated initially with coccidia and subsequently with coronavirus developed diarrhea. For 5 of 7 replicates, calves that were given coccidia and coronavirus developed diarrhea first. When overall severity, measured by fecal score and by blood in the feces, was compared, calves inoculated with coccidia followed by coronavirus were more severely affected (P less than 0.05) than were calves that were given only coronavirus. Calves that were given only coccidia oocysts appeared more severely affected than calves that were given only coronavirus, but differences were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

16.
Focal premature closure of long-bone physes was the cause of conformational abnormalities that affected about 1% of a herd of dairy replacement calves. Affected calves were noticed to "bunny hop" by 3 months of age, and by 6 months of age, they developed abnormal conformation characterized by short pelvic limbs. This condition resembled "hyena disease," which has been described in dairy calves in Europe and Japan. With the exception of the aforementioned abnormalities and femoropatellar joint distention, a group of 5 affected calves examined were clinically normal. At necropsy, focal to almost complete closure of physes was found in the humeri, tibias, and femurs. Cause was not established for the condition; however, it was discovered that the calves had been given supplemental vitamin A/D3 in amounts greater than 10 times those recommended.  相似文献   

17.
Breeding experiments were conducted in 1981, 1982 and 1983 using bulls and cows that were obligatory heterozygotes for neuraxial oedema. Fifty-six calves were born in the herd, 14 of which were diagnosed as cases of neuraxial oedema. The mean gestation length for affected calves born in 1983 was nine days shorter than that for unaffected calves. Observations were made of the birth of three affected calves. In one calf spasms of the forelimbs were observed during an unassisted delivery, and in this and two others, typical clinical signs were observed within two minutes of birth. Radiological and, or, pathological examination of each of the eight affected calves born in 1983 revealed lesions in the coxae, some of which predated parturition. These observations are consistent with the calves being affected with neuraxial oedema while in utero.  相似文献   

18.
An investigation was undertaken to ascertain the possibility of a relationship between calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations in blood plasma and occurrence of congenital joint laxity and dwarfism (CJLD) in young cattle. Pregnant cows were fed hay (30 cows) or grass silage (122 cows) during winter months (October 15 to calving in March). Blood samples were taken from cows on seven occasions during the experiment and 48 hours after calving, and from calves at birth, and at seven, 14 and 56 days old. Five per cent of calves born (six of 122) to cows fed grass silage and none born to cows fed hay were affected by CJLD. The diet and health status of calves were not significantly (P greater than 0.05) associated with the plasma concentration of 1,25(OH)2D. The plasma calcium concentration declined with age of the calves (P less than 0.05) but was not affected by the occurrence of CJLD. Plasma phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in calves born to cows fed silage were higher (P less than 0.05) than in those born to cows fed hay. At birth and seven days old, plasma phosphorus concentrations were higher (P less than 0.05) in CJLD-affected calves than in healthy calves but the plasma concentration of IGF-1 was not different (P greater than 0.05). It was concluded that the high plasma phosphorus concentrations in CJLD-affected calves and their dams could be related to the aetiology of the CJLD condition in calves.  相似文献   

19.
Microbiology of calf diarrhoea in southern Britain   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
Faeces samples from calves with diarrhoea in 45 outbreaks were examined for six enteropathogens. Rotavirus and coronavirus were detected by ELISA in 208 (42 per cent) and 69 (14 per cent) of 490 calves respectively; calici-like viruses were detected by electron microscopy in 14 of 132 calves (11 per cent). Cryptosporidium were detected in 106 of 465 (23 per cent), Salmonella species in 58 of 490 (12 per cent) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli bearing the K99 adhesin (K99+ E coli) in nine of 310 calves (3 per cent). In the faeces of 20 per cent of calves with diarrhoea more than one enteropathogen was detected; in 31 per cent no enteropathogen was found. Faces samples from 385 healthy calves in the same outbreaks were also examined. There was a significant statistical association of disease with the presence of rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium and Salmonella species (P less than 0.001). Healthy calves were not examined for calici-like viruses and the association of K99+ E coli with disease was not analysed because there were too few positive samples. Rotavirus infections were more common in dairy herds and single suckler beef herds whereas Salmonella infections were more often found in calf rearing units. Cryptosporidium were more common in single and multiple suckler beef herds. K99+ E coli were found in one dairy herd and one multiple suckler beef herd both with unhygienic calving accommodation. Variations in coronavirus detection among different farm types were not statistically significant. In this survey rotavirus was the most commonly detected agent in calf diarrhoea and Cryptosporidium were found in approximately one quarter of affected calves. Infection with Salmonella species was widespread, but K99+ E coli infections were less common in the United Kingdom than in other countries.  相似文献   

20.
Calves infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) or both BHV-1 and parainfluenza-3 virus (PIV-3) developed clinical signs including fever, cough, and nasal and ocular discharges. Animals infected with both viruses appeared more depressed and showed higher rectal temperature, while calves inoculated with PIV-3 alone had a very mild clinical disease. Both BHV-1 and PIV-3 were recovered from nasal secretions up to six to eight days postinoculation. However, the virus titers were lower in calves with mixed infection. An increase in serum antibodies to both BHV-1 and PIV-3 was detected by serum neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody responses were delayed and significantly lower in calves given mixed infection than in calves infected with a single virus. Interleukin-2 activity in cultures of lymphocytes from BHV-1 and BHV-1 plus PIV-3 infected calves was higher compared to control calves.  相似文献   

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