首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
In 2003, there was an outbreak of peritonitis in reindeer in the southern and middle part of the Finnish reindeer herding area caused by the filarioid nematode Setaria species. In the province of Oulu, the proportion of reindeer viscera condemned owing to parasitic lesions increased from 4.9 per cent in 2001 to 40.1 per cent in 2003. In 2004, the focus of the outbreak moved approximately 100 km north. A total of 260 adult and pre-adult Setaria species nematodes were collected for morphological and molecular studies. The parasite was indistinguishable in terms of morphology and molecular biology from Setaria tundra. Samples of parasites were also collected from wild cervids. In elk, only a few cases of pre-adult encapsulated S tundra nematodes were detected on the surface of the liver but there was no peritonitis. Two roe deer had S tundra nematodes in their abdomen but no peritonitis. Of 34 wild forest reindeer, 21 had changes associated with S tundra. At meat inspection of the affected reindeer carcases, the changes observed included ascites, green fibrinous deposits, adhesions, and live and dead S tundra nematodes. There were histological lesions of granulomatous peritonitis with lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic infiltration. No specific bacterial growth was found. The parasitic infection had no significant effects on the pH or the organoleptic quality of the meat. There was a significant positive correlation between the worm count and the degree of peritonitis (P<0.001) and a negative correlation between the degree of peritonitis and the thickness of the back fat layer (P=0.015).  相似文献   

2.
Boar taint in 500 Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire boar carcasses was tested by smelling fat samples heated on the tip of a soldering iron at 150°C. About 40% of the boars were scored as non-tainted; in another 40%, the judges were unsure whether taint was present or not. Boar taint was judged present in only 20% of the boars.The effects of weight and sex on boar taint were studied in approx. 275 boars, barrows and gilts slaughtered at 70, 90, 110 and 130 kg live weight. The number of boars scored as tainted increased with weight, but weight did not affect the level of taint in all boars. When the taste of boar meat and fat was compared to castrates, no differences were found in 80% of comparisons at 70 or 90 kg.The effect of weight on boar taint was studied in 69 boars reared on ad libitum or restricted feed. Biopsies were taken, by a needle biopsy technique, at 70, 90 and 100 kg live weight. The incidence of boar taint did not increase from 70 to 100 kg when boars were on restricted feed, but the weight effect was significant and linear at the ad libitum feeding level. The cause was probably an interaction between physiological development, age and weight of the boars.  相似文献   

3.
Male piglets are castrated in order to prevent boar taint in pork. The surgical intervention is currently done without anaesthesia. Growing public concern about the welfare issue of this procedure forces the meat industry to evaluate alternative methods. The acceptance of such methods was studied in Switzerland within a large representative survey on the image of Swiss meat. Five questions were aimed at our subject. It was found that only a small part of the population has actually experienced boar taint. Nevertheless, the majority would not buy products made from tainted meat even if the absence of any perceivable boar taint and identical quality with current products could be guaranteed. The acceptance of meat from immunocastrated animals was low. Among the proposed four alternative methods, the production of entire males (with two options regarding processing of the tainted meat), immunocastration and castration with anaesthesia, only the last one seems to be acceptable to the interviewees.  相似文献   

4.
Male piglets are castrated in order to prevent boar taint in pork. The surgical intervention is currently done without anaesthesia. Growing public concern about the welfare issue of this procedure forces the meat industry to evaluate alternative methods. The acceptance of such methods was studied in Switzerland within a large representative survey on the image of Swiss meat. Five questions were aimed at our subject.It was found that only a small part of the population has actually experienced boar taint. Nevertheless, the majority would not buy products made from tainted meat even if the absence of any perceivable boar taint and identical quality with current products could be guaranteed. The acceptance of meat from immunocastrated animals was low. Among the proposed four alternative methods, the production of entire males (with two options regarding processing of the tainted meat), immunocastration and castration with anaesthesia, only the last one seems to be acceptable to the interviewees.  相似文献   

5.
Forty-eight slaughter bulls were transported by road in groups of eight for approximately 30 min, 3 h and 6 h in two replicates. Animal welfare during the transport process was assessed. Loadings and unloadings were evaluated with a scoring method. Heart rates were monitored at the farm before loading and during all stages of transport. Blood samples were taken from all animals a week before transport and at sticking and analysed in terms of haematological values: hematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC), differential WBC counts and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Glucose, creatine kinase, lactate and cortisol were also determined. To evaluate differences in meat quality, pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) were measured 24 h after slaughter. The loading and unloading scores were very low (low stress) but were associated with changes in heart rate, especially loading. Animals recovered their resting heart rate during the journey in medium and long transports. On the other hand, animals transported around 30 min maintained an elevated heart rate during the whole journey. All animals showed a stress response with significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of erythrocyte series, N:L ratio, glucose and lactate. Animals transported for 3 and 6 hours had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of cortisol than controls or 30 min transports, without differences between control and the shortest journey. Different transport times did not influence meat quality. Under good conditions, the transport had a slight effect on welfare, meat quality or physiological parameters related with stress.  相似文献   

6.
One hundred seventy-seven pigs were used to determine the interaction effects of fasting and length of transport prior to harvest on pork muscle quality. The study design was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial, which involved two genetic sources, fasting (F) or no fasting (N) of pigs 48-h prior to harvest, and three transport times (0.5, 2.5, or 8.0 h) on a semitrailer to the packing plant. Genetic source was a significant source of variation (P < 0.05) for most composition and muscle quality variables. Fasting reduced hot carcass weight 3.6% (P < 0.05), but length of transport did not affect hot carcass weight (P > 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in percent lean among fasting and transport treatments. Fasted pigs had higher longissimus dorsi (LD) ultimate pH (pHu), darker lean color, higher marbling score and lower 7-d purge loss, 24-h drip loss, and cooking loss (P < 0.05) than nonfasted pigs. Meat from pigs that were transported 8.0 h had lower glycolytic potential (GP), higher LD and semimembranosus (SM) pHu, darker lean color, and lower L*, 7-d purge loss, 24-h drip loss, cooking loss, and shear force values than meat from pigs transported 0.5 h (P < 0.05). Meat from pigs transported 2.5 h had higher LD and SM pHu and lower L*, 7-d purge loss, 24-h drip loss, and cooking loss than meat from pigs transported 0.5 h (P < 0.05). Meat from pigs transported 8.0 h had higher LD pHu and color scores and lower L* and cooking loss than meat from pigs transported 2.5 h (P < 0.05). The fasting x transport interaction was significant for SM pHu, L*, color score, and drip loss. Fasting improved SM pHu, L*, color score, and drip loss for pigs that were transported 0.5 h (P < 0.05), but when pigs were transported for 2.5 h or 8.0 h, fasting had little or no effect on these muscle quality traits. Fasting lowered GP and increased LD pHu for pigs from the genetic source with the higher initial pork quality (P < 0.05), while fasting had no effect on pork quality for pigs from the genetic source with the lower initial pork quality (P > 0.05). Longer transport times resulted in lower GP and higher LD pHu regardless of genetic source. Fasting and length of transport each had positive effects on pork quality, but length of transport effects was greater in magnitude. When pigs were transported for 0.5 h, fasting for 48 h prior to harvest improved pork quality, but when pigs were transported 2.5 or 8.0 h, fasting had little effect on pork quality.  相似文献   

7.
Recommendations for transportation of lambs, horses, calves, and pigs from a committee of the European Commission, which required rest stops of 6 or 24 h, every 8 h, were evaluated using Rambouillet x Suffolk lambs. The lambs of 17.6 +/- 0.5 kg of BW were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: transported for 22 h (continuous; n = 15); transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 6 h, transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 24 h, transported for 6 h (rested, n = 15); or remained in the home pasture throughout the study (control, n = 16). Off-trailer rest with food and water occurred in novel pens. Food deprivation in the continuous lambs was reflected by a decrease (P < 0.001) in plasma concentrations of glucose and an increase (P < 0.02) in plasma concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and total bilirubin relative to rested or control lambs. Electrolytes varied within and among all 3 treatments (P < 0.05), but no distinct pattern indicating dehydration was evident. Serum concentrations of cortisol were elevated in continuous and rested lambs compared with control lambs at 22 h (P < 0.05). Plasma immunoglobulin G antibody response to ovalbumin was suppressed (P < 0.05) in the continuous and rested lambs relative to the control lambs. Differences (P < 0.05) between continuous and rested lambs indicated the rest stops were sufficient to maintain BW during transport; however, these results were confounded by the control lambs losing a similar (P = 0.50) percentage of their initial BW as the continuous lambs at 22 h. The rest stops eliminated the physiological indicators of food deprivation and maintained BW but did not alleviate evidence of immunosuppression, and 52 h was required to complete the otherwise 22-h-long trip.  相似文献   

8.
在生长獭兔日粮中添加尿素的试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
选用生长獭兔２７只，随机分为３组，分别饲喂加入０％、１．０％和２．０％尿素的日粮，研究对试兔增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率及肉和毛皮品质的影响。试验结果表明：１０％、２０％尿素组的试兔增重分别比对照组提高２．８３～９．２１％，随尿素添加量的增加，每天每只兔的采食量稍增加，蛋白效率比以１．０％尿素组最好。日粮中添加１．０％、２．０％的尿素对生长獭兔的屠宰率、肉及毛皮质量均无不良影响，１．０％尿素组的单位增重成本比对照组降低１．１９％。因此，生长獭兔日粮中添加１．０％尿素是可行的  相似文献   

9.
Seasonal endocrine changes in 5 non-bred and 10 pregnant Alaskan reindeer have been documented. Blood samples were collected from early September until early May, spanning the breeding season, gestation, or the anovulatory period. Plasma was analyzed by RIA for progesterone (P4), estradiol-17beta, estrone, and estrone sulfate. Elevated P4 in 80% of the reindeer at the onset of the study indicated that ovarian activity had been initiated. The median date for the onset of the first recorded full-length ovulatory cycle was September 23. In nonbred reindeer, the mean ovulatory cycle length from September to May was 24 +/- 1 d (range 18 to 29 d). Nonbred females continued to cycle throughout the winter, displaying 6 to 8 ovulatory cycles after the beginning of blood sampling. Cycle length (mean 22 to 24 d) did not vary between individuals (P = 0.170) or over the course of the winter (P = 0.244). In early April, ovulatory cycles ceased with normal demise of the corpus luteum in 2 females, whereas the remaining 3 females formed apparently persistent corpora lutea. Natural service breeding occurred between September 10 and October 2, and P4 profiles indicated that all breeding females conceived to the first mating. Concentrations of P4 rose steadily after conception and remained elevated throughout gestation, with mean concentrations not varying significantly (P = 0.104) from 4 to 28 wk of gestation. Estrogens all followed patterns similar to each other, remaining at baseline concentrations until approximately 24 wk of gestation and rising coincidently as P4 declined just before parturition. There was a continual overlap throughout the winter in peak P4 concentrations observed in cycling and pregnant reindeer. Calving occurred between April 8 and May 2, resulting in a mean gestation length of 211 +/- 2.2 d (range 198 to 221 d). Information from this study can be used by Alaskan reindeer producers to improve management and profitability of reindeer production.  相似文献   

10.
The present study examined the effect of transportation stress on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responsiveness to tropic hormone stimulation and on abundance of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor R1 (CRFR1) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor V3 (V3) mRNAs in the anterior pituitary (AP) of cattle. Holstein steers were transported for 10 h or used as non-transported controls (NTC). Blood samples were collected at start of transportation and every 1–2 h thereafter. To test AP responsiveness to tropic hormones, animals were challenged (i.v.) with CRF (0.5 μg/kg), AVP (1 μg/kg) or CRF plus AVP immediately after end of transportation and blood samples collected every 30 min for 3 h. The AP of animals transported for 0, 4 or 10 h were harvested for mRNA analyses. Plasma ACTH in transported animals increased within 1 h and remained elevated for 6 and 8 h versus NTC and 0 h values, respectively. Plasma concentrations of cortisol increased in response to transportation and remained elevated throughout the transport period. Injection of CRF or AVP to NTC animals increased plasma ACTH, but ACTH secretion in response to CRF or AVP was dramatically reduced in transported animals. ACTH secretion following co-injection of CRF and AVP tended to be less in transported animals, but was almost 100% greater than when secretagogues were administered separately. Despite decreased AP responsiveness to CRF and AVP, AP CRFR1 and V3 mRNAs were increased after 10 h transportation. Results indicate decreased AP responsiveness to CRF and AVP may regulate duration of ACTH secretion in response to transportation stress in cattle.  相似文献   

11.
Changes in concentration of a number of blood metabolites in 30 thoroughbred horses were recorded after an 1110 metre race. No significant changes occurred in blood urea or aspartate aminotransferase during the three hours after racing. Plasma sodium, potassium and calcium levels were increased immediately after racing but had returned to normal one hour after racing. Plasma phosphate showed a significant fall in concentration one hour after racing. Creatinine and lactic acid concentrations were elevated ten minutes after racing and although they subsequently decreased, the level of lactic acid was still significant one hour later. Uric acid levels were well above resting levels at ten minutes after racing but rose even more in the subsequent hour. Urinary uric acid levels were also elevated during this time. Three hours after racing some horses still had elevated plasma uric acid levels and all of them showed a significant rise in creatine phosphokinase. The possible physiological basis of these findings is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Chronic kidney disease is a common finding in older captive exotic felids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a probiotic to reduce blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in large felids. Fifteen adult, large felids (6 tigers [Panthera tigris], 5 lions [Panthera leo], 3 cougars [Puma concolor], and 1 leopard [Panthera pardus]) were administered a probiotic twice daily after a baseline complete blood cell count and plasma chemistry panel was obtained. Plasma chemistry values were rechecked at 2 mo (n = 14) and 6 mo (n = 9). There was no significant change in blood urea nitrogen over time; however, there was a significant change in creatinine over time (P = 0.04). Creatinine concentration decreased significantly between 2 and 6 mo (P = 0.02), and a decrease was seen between 0 and 6 mo, but this change was not significant (P = 0.05). There was no significant difference noted for creatinine concentration between 0 and 2 mo (P = 0.35). This probiotic may be helpful in large felids with elevated creatinine concentrations because of chronic kidney disease; however, further studies are warranted.  相似文献   

13.
Plasma fibrinogen concentration was measured in beef calves at various points within the system presently used to assemble, market and transport calves from one production point to another in order to determine the effect of the stresses encountered. A short haul of 160 km immediately after weaning did not significantly elevate fibrinogen concentration above the pretransit values. Yearling steers transported 400 km and confined in unfamiliar surroundings for 15 h did have an elevated (P less than 0.01) concentration of fibrinogen, but this increase was not significantly different from that of steers which were confined but not transported, thus confinement may be a significant portion of the stress associated with transit. The change in plasma fibrinogen concentration during assembly and transit was dependent upon the farm from which the calves originated. The magnitude of the change in fibrinogen concentration as a result of assembly and transit varied between the years studied. In one year pretransit assembly for ten days resulted in a higher fibrinogen concentration before and after transit than assembly for four days, but no difference was noted between the two groups in the second year. Bovine plasma fibrinogen concentration does increase in response to the stresses associated with assembly and transit. The stress of fasting and housing in unfamiliar surroundings also increase bovine plasma fibrinogen concentration and are present in the assembly and transit system. These two stresses may account for a majority of the stress associated with marketing and transit. The response of beef calves to the marketing and transit system varied between years.  相似文献   

14.
Wet belly, when the reindeer becomes wet over the lower parts of the thorax and abdomen, sometimes occurs in reindeer during feeding. In a feeding experiment, 11 out of 69 reindeer were affected by wet belly. The problem was first observed in 7 animals during a period of restricted feed intake. When the animals were then fed standard rations, 3 additional animals fed only silage, and 1 fed pellets and silage, became wet. Four animals died and 1 had to be euthanized. To investigate why reindeer developed wet belly, we compared data from healthy reindeer and reindeer affected by wet belly. Urea, plasma protein, glucose, insulin and cortisol were affected by restricted feed intake or by diet but did not generally differ between healthy reindeer and those with wet belly. The wet animals had low body temperature and the deaths occurred during a period of especially cold weather. Animals that died were emaciated and showed different signs of infections and stress. In a second experiment, with 20 reindeer, the feeding procedure of the most affected group in the first experiment was repeated, but none of the reindeer showed any signs of wet belly. The study shows that wet belly is not induced by any specific diet and may affect also lichen-fed reindeer. The fluid making the fur wet was proven to be of internal origin. Mortality was caused by emaciation, probably secondary to reduced energy intake caused by diseases and/or unsuitable feed.  相似文献   

15.
Twenty-two non-lactating dairy cattle from a sentinel herd previously described (St. George, 1985) were monitored daily during an outbreak of ephemeral fever. Nine developed clinical ephemeral fever between 25 December 1981 and 30 January 1982. There were no subclinical infections with bovine ephemeral fever virus in the group. There were, however, subclinical infections with CSIRO Village, Akabane, Aino, Tinaroo and Kimberley viruses as described by St. George et al. (1984). Six of the nine affected cattle showed a neutrophilia with a concurrent lymphopaenia on the day of pyrexia; however, the differential white cell profile had begun to change up to 24 h prior to leucocytosis. Serum carboxypeptidase values fell by 24 h following the febrile response. Plasma fibrinogen rose rapidly in all six cows. The peak concentration (15.6 ± 2.70 g l−1) occurred 3 days after pyrexia with the highest individual increase being from 6.05 to 19.6 g l−1. Plasma fibrinogen levels remained elevated for at least 7 days.

Serum calcium fell significantly during Day 1 of the disease, the mean decline being 0.22 ± 0.08 mmol l−1. The greatest individual fall was from 2.33 to 1.92 mmol l−1. None of the affected cattle showed any compensatory change in serum magnesium. There was no change in the normal values of creatinine, urea, γ-GT, AST and alkaline phosphatase. Bovine ephemeral fever virus was isolated from only four of the six cases, whereas specific antibody was detected in all cattle 3–4 days after recovery.  相似文献   


16.
Acute urea toxicity in sheep.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
Twenty-seven sheep were assigned to three groups in order to study acute urea toxicity. Groups I, II and III were dosed with 0.5, 0.6 annd 0.75 g/kg of urea, respectively. The mean survival times were 165, 109 and 60 minutes, respectively. The following clinical signs such as pronounced muscle fasciculation, trembling, grinding teeth, ataxia, lateral recumbency, bloating, regurgitation, hyperesthesia, mydriasis and convulsions were observed. Anuria and lack of salivation were also present. The primary cause of death in this study was due to respiratory arrest and not cardiovascular collapse. Plasma examinations showed a marked increase in glucose, ammonia and urea levels but no change in ketone body concentration.  相似文献   

17.
Information on the effect of road transportation conditions and lairage times on the meat quality of pork under South African conditions is very sparse. In this investigation, the effects of 2 road conditions (rough road with frequent stops - A; smooth road, few stops - B) and 2 lairage holding periods (2 h and 24 h) on the physical meat quality attributes of commercially produced pigs during summer (ambient temperatures > 30 degrees C) in the Western Cape (South Africa) were investigated. Pig meat from pigs transported on a road that caused more stress (A), had lower pH 45 (measured 45 min post mortem) values after 2 h lairage than pigs transported over a smoother road. Pigs B had a lower muscle pH 24 (measured 24 h post mortem) than group A, indicating that they had more glycogen reserves available for post mortem glycolysis. Road conditions A were more stressful resulting in a higher incidence of PSE pork, as shown by the percentage drip loss and the L* values. When the lairage period was increased to 24 h prior to slaughter, pigs transported under road conditions A had time to replenish their energy reserves and the pH 45, drip loss and L* values were within an acceptable range. However, pigs transported under road conditions B had lower pH 45 and higher pH 24 values, indicating that the lairage period was too long and that energy reserves were depleted in order to adapt to the stressful conditions. Results from this investigation indicate that improvement of the transport/road conditions will result in better pork quality.  相似文献   

18.
Two non-splenectomized reindeer developed fever, icterus and haemoglobinuria after inoculation intravenously with cattle blood containing Babesia divergens.14 and 15 days after inoculation agglutination of Babesia-containing erythrocytes from the two reindeer was observed in blood films. In one reindeer there was also microscopical evidence of intravascular agglutination in the sinusoids of the spleen.As a control, a non-splenectomized reindeer calf was inoculated with normal cattle blood; there were no signs of agglutination.  相似文献   

19.
A retrospective analysis of haematological values from clinically normal captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) showed that the red cell count, haemoglobin level, packed cell volume and lymphocyte count were higher and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and eosinophil count were lower in juveniles than in adults. Newborn animals were anaemic compared with juveniles and adults and had high reticulocyte counts. The values from healthy reindeer were used to identify abnormal haematological variations in a number of sick animals. It was shown that reindeer exhibit similar haemopathological responses to those of other artiodactyla, with increases in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen level being of particular diagnostic significance. Eosinophilia was the only abnormal haematological finding in individuals with subclinical infections of intestinal parasites.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of transport of cattle from the farm to the abattoir on the animal's welfare and post mortem meat quality (instrumental and sensorial). Thirty-nine commercial journeys were followed in Spain from July 2000 to July 2001 at varying distances from a local abattoir in the city of Zaragoza. Blood samples were taken at the farm and at sticking and meat pH24 was measured at 24 hours post-mortem. Samples from the M. longissimus dorsi thoracis were taken from 48 slaughter bulls and analysed in terms of instrumental and sensorial qualities. Cortisol, glucose, CPK, lactate and N:L ratio increased during transport compared to control values. Cortisol was higher after 1-2 h transport compared to journeys that were less than 1 h or more than 2 h long. In general the parameters indicated slightly more stressful conditions under winter conditions than in the summer. Meat tenderness measured by a Warner-Bratzler device demonstrated that there was no significant effect of either transport time or season. There was no significant change in pH24 or meat colour at 24 h with transport time. Transport time had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on overall liking and animals transported in summer had slightly more tender meat and higher overall liking.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号