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1.
建立一种实用的标记方法,对更好地评价三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果和良种选育工作非常重要。本实验采用注射可视嵌入性荧光、剪附肢两种手段对不同期别三疣梭子蟹进行标记,以研究标记的适用性及对个体生长的影响。对不同发育阶段三疣梭子蟹进行两个部位荧光注射,统计蜕壳后可识率。结果显示,II、III期幼蟹适合腹面区域注射,IV期以后适合游泳足基节和头胸甲背面的薄膜关节注射;标记后,经过两次蜕壳,识别率在80%以上,但3次蜕壳后,识别率较低;根据标记组、未标记组生长数据,通过单因素方差分析发现：标记对三疣梭子蟹个体生长无显著性影响。VII期以后的幼蟹,更适合剪附肢法,该法操作简单,识别率高,对个体生长、存活无显著性影响(P≥0.05)。因此本研究得出：将两种个体标记方法结合起来应用,更合理、更科学,为梭子蟹增殖放流、良种选育等研究提供有力的工具。 相似文献
2.
三疣梭子蟹是靠蜕壳方能快速生长的。据资料介绍,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹变态、发育过程要经历门-18次蜕壳,每蜕壳1次,体长增加显著。仔幼蟹蜕壳周期较短,生长迅速,成蟹蜕壳周期较长,生长速度较慢。蜕壳的周期变化还取决于水环境和管理水平。但是在近几年的养殖过程中,往往会遇到三疣梭子蟹蜕壳不遂而停止生长 相似文献
3.
盐度对三疣梭子蟹生长、蜕壳及能量利用的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在实验室条件下,研究了盐度(15,20,25,30,35)对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹生长、蜕壳和能量利用的影响,探讨了三疣梭子蟹生长的最适盐度、蜕壳与生长的关系以及不同盐度水平下蟹的蜕壳同步性。实验时间为50 d,结果显示:1、盐度显著影响三疣梭子蟹的摄食、生长和能量利用。盐度20、25和30组,三疣梭子蟹的日摄食率(FId)较小,但其食物转化效率(FCEd)较高,其中盐度30组蟹的食物转化效率显著高于盐度15和35组(P<0.05),与盐度20和25组差异不显著(P>0.05)。盐度20、25和30组的能量吸收效率(K1)和净生长效率(K2)显著高于盐度15和35组。实验结束时,盐度30组三疣梭子蟹获得了较高的湿重、相对增重率和特定生长率,且显著高于盐度15和35组(P<0.05),而与盐度20和25组间的差异不明显(P<0.05)。回归分析表明,当水体盐度为26.3时,三疣梭子蟹特定生长率(SGRd)最大。2、不同盐度下,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹从Ⅶ期生长到Ⅹ期的蜕壳周期为18.9~23.5 d,各盐度组间的差异不明显(P>0.05),但盐度30组三疣梭子蟹蜕壳周期较其他盐度组缩短了3.1~4.6d。低盐(15)下,三疣梭子蟹出现MDS(蜕壳未遂)死亡,蜕壳受到抑制;而高盐(35)则抑制三疣梭子蟹新壳的硬化,盐度20和25组三疣梭子蟹的蜕壳同步性较好。实验结果初步表明,养殖生产中水体盐度控制在25左右有利于三疣梭子蟹的蜕壳同步及生长。 相似文献
4.
20 0 2年 6～ 9月 ,在自然水温 (2 4 0、2 4 9和 2 6 3℃ )和投喂鹰爪虾虾仁的条件下测定了 3个体重组 (0 73± 0 15 g、1 5 5± 35 g和 3 75± 0 5 2g)三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的摄食和碳收支。结果表明 ,温度和体重对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的摄食量均有明显影响 ,其中体重的影响更为显著。以湿重和干重(比能值 )计算得到三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的特定生长率 (SGR)和生态转换效率 (Eg)分别为 2 5± 1 33～3 0± 0 95和 19 4± 4 8～ 5 9 4± 2 2 9,2 8± 0 73～ 4 3± 2 2 8和 10 1± 2 3～ 2 9 1± 12 4。在三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的C收支模式中 ,代谢C所占的比例最大 ,占总摄食C的 5 0 %以上 ,其次是生长C ,约占总摄食C的 2 8% ,蜕壳和排粪消耗的C的比例较小 ,一般少于 5 %。三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的个体大小和水温是影响C收支的重要因素 ,其中温度是主要因子。随个体的增大和试验水温的升高 ,三疣梭子蟹生长C占总摄食C的比例减少 ,代谢C的比例增加 ,蜕壳C和排粪C所占的波动较小。 相似文献
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水温(27±3)℃下,将体质量为(2.18±0.14)g的三疣梭子蟹幼蟹以多只(10只)或单只的方式饲养在半径为50cm的圆形养殖桶中,比较群养与单养条件下三疣梭子蟹的生长特性、消化酶与免疫酶活性。结果显示:(1)群养组幼蟹在蜕壳后的软壳期间被同类捕食和残杀现象严重,死亡率和残疾率显著高于单养组幼蟹(P0.05);(2)两种养殖条件下幼蟹在夜间完成蜕壳的比例显著高于白天;群养组幼蟹在白天蜕壳的比例显著高于单养组(P0.05);(3)群养组幼蟹的蜕壳周期显著小于单养组(P0.05),但蜕壳同步率低于单养组,群养组幼蟹的体质量、甲宽增长率和特定生长率均略高于单养组,差异不显著;(4)群养组幼蟹肝胰腺和胃中的胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性均高于单养组,肝胰腺中最为明显;(5)群养组幼蟹肝胰腺和血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶的活性显著高于单养组(P0.05),而两种养殖条件下幼蟹组织中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性差异不显著。 相似文献
6.
三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维适宜含量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以初始平均体重为7.1 g的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹为试验对象,以粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维为试验因素,各设3个水平,采用正交试验设计L9(34),配制成9种饲料,在室内水族箱进行为期4周的饲养试验,以探讨三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的适宜含量.结果表明,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的适宜含量分别为40%、6%～8%和≤5%时,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹增重率和蜕壳率高,饲料系数低和蛋白质效率较高. 相似文献
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8.
基于计算机视觉的梭子蟹蜕壳检测及不同背景对蜕壳的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同背景(白色无沙、蓝色无沙、蓝色有沙)对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)蜕壳持续时长与蜕壳周期的影响,搭建了3组24 h连续拍摄梭子蟹蜕壳的循环水养殖实验环境,从稚蟹5期开始拍摄不同背景下养殖的梭子蟹30 d,并设计了一种基于计算机视觉技术的梭子蟹蜕壳自动检测方案。该方案运用了图像处理中数学形态学方法成功实现了无沙背景的蜕壳自动检测,检测准确率达到97.9%,同时训练Adaboost分类器自动检测有沙背景的蜕壳行为,准确率达到79.5%。结果显示,蓝色有沙背景组的梭子蟹蜕壳持续时长缩短了15.3%,蜕壳周期缩了12.0%,梭子蟹蜕壳时间主要集中在3∶00—6∶00及18∶00—21∶00两个时段。研究表明,三疣梭子蟹更适合在有沙背景中蜕壳。 相似文献
9.
采用红色可视嵌入性荧光(visible implant elastomer,VIE)标记中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir Sinensis),观察了荧光标记在中华绒螯蟹中的保持率和对其存活、生长、发育及繁殖的影响。荧光标记幼蟹不同部位在室内饲养并观察8周,结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹幼蟹不同部位的标记保持率均为100%,对照组和各试验组幼蟹的存活率无显著性差异(P0.05)。荧光标记幼蟹螯掌节和腕节间的关节膜后移入室外养殖池养殖,中华绒螯蟹室外养殖的生长和发育速度与对照组也无显著差异(P0.05)。挑选标记后经室外池塘养成的中华绒螯蟹进行小水体繁育实验,抱卵率为83.3%,平均抱卵量30×104egg·ind-1,与未标记中华绒螯蟹小水体繁育实验结果比较,抱卵率、平均抱卵量无显著性差异,荧光标记不影响中华绒螯蟹交配抱卵。本文结果表明,VIE可视荧光标记可作为中华绒螯蟹个体识别标记,应用于育种、资源调查等研究和生产实践。 相似文献
10.
关于三疣梭子蟹亲蟹长途运输技术的报道较少,其对育苗效果的影响也鲜有记载。笔者近年从事早繁三疣梭子蟹的生产性技术指导工作,对三疣梭子蟹亲蟹的长途运输及其对育苗效果的影响有一些体会。一、亲蟹的选购及运输根据生产计划,5月10日前幼体需达到出售标准,即Ⅱ期幼蟹,所以决定由外地购进已开始升温促熟的亲蟹。考虑到亲蟹价格及运输成活率等因素,于2月28日由山东购得抱卵蟹20只、未抱卵雌蟹53只。其中,抱卵蟹培育水温为19℃,受精卵发育到桑葚期;未抱卵雌蟹已升温促熟,培育水温为14℃。挑取肢体完整、行动活泼、特别是潜沙能力强的个体,用… 相似文献
11.
为了探明适宜大渡河安谷水电站流域增殖放流鱼类标志的方法,在安谷水电站鱼类增殖放流站使用T-tag锚标法(T-tag)、金属线码标法(CWT)和荧光胶体标记法(VIE)分别对四种放流鱼苗(胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus、长薄鳅Leptobotia elongate、唇■Hemibarbus labeo和黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)进行标记。每种鱼苗选择大、小两种规格进行试验。在标记后40 d分别统计了鱼苗的存活率、标记保持率和生长等数据。结果表明:(1)40 d短期标记条件下,CWT和VIE对四种鱼苗的存活率负面影响较小,T-tag对存活率负面影响较大。其中,CWT和VIE对体长50～110 mm小规格放流鱼苗的存活无显著影响,而T-tag导致小规格放流鱼苗存活率显著下降;(2)四种放流鱼苗CWT和VIE标记保持率均显著高于T-tag,其中,除50～80 mm的小规格长薄鳅VIE组标记保持率略低于CWT外,其它各实验组均表现出VIE组大于CWT组;(3)CWT和T-tag标记保持率与标记鱼类生活习性相关性较大,胭脂鱼、长薄鳅标记保持率相对高于唇■、黄颡鱼;(4)三种标记对鱼苗都具有一定的损伤,但与对照组相比标记组存活的鱼苗生长状况均不受影响,其中,四种鱼苗相比唇■的生长速度最快。(5)考虑到T-tag标记具备操作简单、标记快、易辨认等特点,建议使用T-tag标记时鱼苗的全长应大于170 mm。 相似文献
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可见植入荧光标记和编码金属标对达乌尔鳇标志效果的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2011年9月底至2012年5月,采用可见植入荧光标记(VIE)和编码金属标(CWT)标志全长为(28.06±1.79)cm的达乌尔鳇(Huso dauricus),检验了VIE和CWT的标志保持率及其对达乌尔鳇生长和存活的影响。结果显示,经过210 d实验,VIE标志达乌尔鳇吻部腹面,CWT标志达乌尔鳇背部前(第1～2块背骨板间下方肌肉)、中(第6～7块后背骨板间下方肌肉)、后(第11～12块背骨板间下方肌肉)的标志保持率分别为:95.83%、92.00%、92.59%、92.59%。实验中VIE出现破碎、脱落或迁移致使标志可识别性下降;CWT背部中这一标志部位操作最为简便。标志30 d,VIE标志组的保持率较CWT背部不同部位标志组及对照组低,且差异显著(P<0.05),此后31～210 d并无显著性差异。VIE和CWT背部不同部位标志对达乌尔鳇的生长无显著性差异。结果表明,VIE和CWT均可用于标志达乌尔鳇。进行短期大规模达乌尔鳇的标志放流可使用成本相对较低的VIE标志。 相似文献
13.
An important requirement of many breeding programmes for aquaculture species is the ability to identify organisms individually or at least by family. While a variety of external and internal tagging methods have been developed that can provide efficient identifications systems, most have specific drawbacks. The present study assessed the efficiency of an internal tagging method that can be applied to family selection programmes in crustacean species. Experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of applying visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags to juvenile giant freshwater prawn (GFP). The first experiment assessed performance of VIE tags in juvenile GFP of different size classes and stability of tags placed in different positions in the abdomen with different numbers of tags implanted. The second experiment applied VIE tags in a long term, large scale, field‐based farming experiment. The third experiment tested the reliability of the system. Results showed that juvenile GFP at 2 g were of suitable size for VIE tags with no negative effects evidence on growth and survival. Tag retention rates were above 97.8% in all experiments and tag readability rates were 100% with a correct assignment rate of 95% through to mature animal size of up to 170 g. 相似文献
14.
Effect of visible implant elastomers on the growth,survival and tag retention in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in laboratory conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Michał Kozłowski Mirosław Szczepkowski Krzysztof Wunderlich Iwona Piotrowska Bożena Szczepkowska 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1849-1855
This study identifies the possibility of using visible implant elastomers (VIE) to tag juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). The mean body weight was 2.4 ± 0.4 g, and mean body length 5.5 ± 0.5 cm. Markers in three colours were used: blue, orange and green. Implant elastomers were injected in the rostrum and in the tail shaft. The experiment was conducted over a period of 10 weeks and included also a control group, that is, no tagging. No significant effect of tagging on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and condition factor of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon was observed. The fish in all groups increased their body weight more than 10 times, reaching body weight of 25–28 g. The final survival in all of the groups was approximately 40%. The final tag retention varied depending on the implant colour. The highest retention of 100% was obtained with orange VIE and was significantly different from blue and green. Tag retention was dependent on the place of marking (P > 0.05). A correlation was observed between the applied dye and the place of marking (P = 0.0166). The best results were obtained when marking with orange VIE in the rostrum as all markers were visible after 70 days even without the use of UV light. According to our research, marking with VIE does not negatively affect growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon and can be recommended for fish with an initial body weight of approximately 2.5 g in the case of short‐term research. 相似文献
15.
中国对虾幼虾荧光体内标记技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2004年7月,采用可视嵌入性荧光标记(Visible i mplant elastomer,VIE)对平均体长为4.75cm的中国对虾幼虾进行第6腹节的两部位标记,以研究VIE标记对中国对虾幼虾的适用性。10个家系的幼虾各取30尾,对其中的15尾进行标记,另15尾作为对照,共标记幼虾150尾。本研究分析了标记对虾和对照组的即时死亡率、生长和标记保持率。结果显示,标记对虾和对照组的即时死亡率低,前者为0.6%,后者无死亡。x2检验显示,二者不存在显著差异(P<0.05);通过对30、60d后体长的单因素方差分析,实验组和对照组在体长方面不存在显著差异(P<0.05),表明荧光标记对生长没有影响;标记后30、60d的标记保持率均很高,达到99%以上。2005年7月,对人工定向交尾建立的108个家系(平均体长为4cm)进行了大规模荧光标记,标记后30、60d的标记保持率均在99%以上,越冬后(210d后),对不同标记部位的标记保持情况进行了统计,标记保持率均在90%以上。 相似文献
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Nicolás Astorga Juan Manuel Afonso María Jesús Zamorano Daniel Montero Víctor Oliva Hipólito Fernández & María Soledad Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(8):733-738
The use of the fluorescent visible implant elastomer (VIE) tagging system in juvenile gilthead seabream, Sparus auratus L., between 7 and 18 g was examined. Four different colours (red, green, orange and yellow), three body positions (dorsal, lateral and caudal) and two orientations (horizontal and vertical) were tested. The mean tag application time for each fish was 15.7±0.32 s. There was no mortality associated with the method of tagging. The most visible tag colour was red. Injection orientation had a significant effect on length, width, fragmentation and fluorescent intensity of the tag. Horizontal tagging is recommended because of high fluorescent intensity, low fragmentation and for double tagging. There were no differences in growth between untagged controls and the VIE‐tagged fish. 相似文献
17.
Vu Ngoc Ut Lewis Le Vay Truong Trong Nghia & Mark Walton 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1593-1599
The performance of hatchery‐reared juveniles either in aquaculture grow‐out systems or stock enhancement is likely to be dependent on a range of factors during the hatchery phase of production. With recent progress in the development of hatchery systems for the mud crabs Scylla spp., there is growing interest in evaluation of the quality of hatchery‐reared juveniles relative to wild seed crabs as currently used in aquaculture. Hatchery‐reared and wild‐collected Scylla paramamosain juveniles were stocked either together in ponds or separately. All crabs were tagged with microwire‐coded tags, so that origin could be determined in the mixed groups. Preliminary validation demonstrated that tagging did not affect survival or growth, with a tag retention of 94%. After 106 days of culture, there was no significant difference in survival at harvest between the two sources of crabs. The wild juvenile crabs had a significantly higher initial weight:carapace width (CW) ratio compared with those from the hatchery, indicating a difference in condition. However, where crabs were stocked separately, the hatchery‐reared animals exhibited significantly faster growth than those collected from the wild, both in terms of specific growth rate and CW increase per month. However, in the mixed ponds, where there was competition with wild crabs, there was no significant difference in growth rate between crabs from the two sources. Overall, the results demonstrate that the growth performance of hatchery‐reared S. paramamosain can at least equal that of wild‐collected seed crabs in ponds culture. 相似文献
18.
Evaluation of visible implant elastomer tags for pathogenesis research in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Zoe L Featherstone James F Turnbull Niall A Auchinachie Margaret Crumlish 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(8):2419-2425
Two different colours (red and green) of visible implant elastomer (VIE) were used in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The visibility, location and retention of the VIE tags was investigated and any adverse effects on fish survival and growth determined. The use of VIE tags for monitoring individual fish during a bacterial challenge with either Streptococcus agalactiae or S. iniae was also studied. The results showed that VIE treated fish were lighter but not shorter than the non‐tagged control fish and that tagging caused no mortality. The retention of tags was better at the base of pectoral fin followed by the nasal area, lower abdomen, upper abdomen and branchiostegal rays inside the operculum. During the bacterial challenge experiment individual animals could be easily identified using the VIE tags. In this preliminary study, VIE tagging appears suitable for Nile tilapia research, as with other fish species, and could be a novel method to identify individual animals during microbial pathogenesis studies. 相似文献
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Mohamed Soula Ana Navarro Silvia Hildebrandt María J. Zamorano Javier Roo Carmen M. Hernández-Cruz Juan M. Afonso 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(3):571-583
The effect of two physical tagging systems, Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) and Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT), was evaluated in red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings, at different sizes. For VIE tagging, the weight classes were <1 and 1?C5?g and no tag effect was detected on fish growth. There was a significant difference in mortality between tagged and untagged <1?g fish, but not for the 1?C5?g fish. The tag loss rate was null for all sizes, however, tags showed fragmentation. This partial tag loss was evaluated and quantified. Seven VIE colours were compared and arranged from best to worst visibility: green, red, pink, orange, yellow, white and blue. For PIT tagging, 2?C6?g, 5?C10?g and 10?C20?g weight classes were analysed. There was no significant tag effect on fish growth, for any size, nor on mortality from 10?g. Tag loss rate ranged from 2.9 to 5.9%. These results demonstrate that, in red porgy, VIE is a successful tagging system from 2?g onwards whereas PIT system is successful from 10?g onwards. The combination of both systems allows traceability of fish from a very small size on, which is necessary for the implementation of genetic breeding programmes. 相似文献
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《Fisheries Research》2007,87(2-3):280-284
A laboratory study was conducted to assess the effect of PIT tagging on survival and growth of young-of-the-year brown trout (Salmo trutta) and evaluate PIT tag loss as a function of body size at tagging. Transponders (11.5 mm long and 2.1 mm in diameter) were injected into the peritoneal cavity of fish ranging from 41 to 70 mm fork length (FL) using hypodermic needles. A total of 145 tagged fish and 136 control fish of similar size were reared over 4 weeks. Logistic regressions show that survival rate reached 95% for fish ≥52 mm FL at tagging (with a tag retention rate >70%), and 99% for fish ≥57 mm FL (tag retention rate >80%). No significant effect of tagging on growth (fork length and weight) was detected at the end of the experiment. The specific growth rate varied markedly among PIT-tagged fish regardless of fork length, weight or tag-to-body-weight ratio at tagging. Results suggest that juvenile brown trout larger than 57 mm FL (tag-to-body weight ratio in water <3.4%) can be marked by injection of 11.5 mm PIT into the peritoneal cavity with negligible effects on survival and growth, but this leads to a relatively high tag rejection rate (up to 20%). 相似文献