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1.
不同类型的转基因细胞为核供体生产猪的转绿色荧光蛋白基因克隆胚胎 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年我国获得了体细胞克隆猪的成功,但是在体细胞转基因克隆猪方面还处于起步阶段。猪的转基因克隆在农业和医学方面有着巨大的应用前景,在农业上可以提高猪肉品质和培育抗病猪种等;医学上可以为人类异种器官移植、疾病模型和新药筛选提供理想材料。体细胞核移植结合基因组修饰技术,是目前生产转基因家畜的一种有效方式。供体细胞的类型是影响转基因克隆效率的一个关键因素,因为供体细胞的类型决定着体细胞转基因效率和重组胚的发育潜力。目前所知,较成功用于生产转基因克隆猪的供体细胞仅限于胎儿成纤维细胞,因为它易培养、增殖期限长、重构胚的发育能力高。此外骨髓间充质细胞,一种成体干细胞,作为转基因克隆猪的供体细胞有着巨大的潜力,国内外仅有个别报道。前脂肪细胞,一种易于获得的体细胞,有报道称利用成年猪前脂肪细胞为核供体构建的克隆胚发育能力和胎儿成纤维细胞相当,并且获得了克隆猪的后代。而利用猪前脂肪细胞生产转基因克隆胚胎,将为后续组织工程研究奠定基础。因此本研究选择猪胎儿成纤维细胞、骨髓间充质细胞和前脂肪细胞为转基因克隆的供体细胞,目的是比较不同类型转基因供体细胞对生产克隆胚胎效率的影响。本研究首先建立了近交系五指山小型猪(WZSP)胎儿成纤维细胞系(FF)、新生猪骨髓间充质细胞(MSCs)系和成年猪前脂肪细胞系(PreA)。采用组织块法建立胎儿(27日龄)成纤维细胞系;髓间充质细胞从新生猪后腿骨冲取骨髓,加入到Percoll分离液中离心,吸取中间界层面细胞,贴壁法培养骨髓间充质原代细胞,培养基为低糖DMEM。对间充质细胞向脂肪细胞进行诱导分化,油红O染色鉴定;前脂肪细胞从猪的皮下脂肪取样,用0.1%胶原酶消化法建立前脂肪细胞原代细胞,并对前脂肪细胞进行诱导分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,油红O染色鉴定。为了获得转基因细胞系,利用脂质体lipofectamineTM2000(Invitrogene)介导的方法将质粒pEGFP-N1转染了胎儿成纤维细胞、骨髓间充质细胞和前脂肪细胞,经过800μg/mL G418筛选后均获得了阳性细胞株。分别以3种类型转基因和未转基因细胞为核供体进行猪的体细胞核移植,比较克隆胚胎的发育能力。结果如下:(1)比较了3种类型非转基因细胞的重组胚的囊胚发育率,发现胎儿成纤维细胞(8.2%)、骨髓间充质细胞(7.1%)和前脂肪细胞(8.8%)囊胚发育率差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)比较了3种类型转基因细胞的重组胚的囊胚发育率,发现胎儿成纤维细胞(9.6%)和骨髓间充质细胞(9.9%)最高,前脂肪细胞(3.7%)最低,前两者与后者差异显著(P<0.05);(3)分别比较了每一类型供体细胞转基因和非转基因对重组胚的囊胚发育率的影响,转基因对胎儿成纤维细胞(9.6%vs 8.2%)和骨髓间充质细胞(9.9%vs 7.1%)的重构胚囊胚发育率影响不大(P>0.05);前脂肪细胞转基因重组胚的囊胚发育率显著降低(3.7%vs 8.8%,P<0.05)。以上结果表明,某些供体细胞类型转基因与否对猪克隆胚胎的早期体外发育影响不明显,有些细胞类型转基因对克隆胚的发育能力影响较大。通过体细胞核移植技术,猪胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞可以有效地生产猪转基因囊胚,但前脂肪细胞转基因克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率能否进一步提高,还需要进一步的实验观察。 相似文献
2.
为提高昆明小鼠胚胎生殖细胞(embryonic germ cells, EG cells)建系效率，以怀孕8.5～12.5 d小鼠胎儿为材料，比较了胎儿后1/3部位的组织共培养、生殖嵴共培养、差速贴壁和穿刺生殖嵴4种分离胚胎原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells，PGCs)的方法以及不同传代方式对EG细胞克隆的影响。结果表明：生殖嵴共培养和差速贴壁方式获得了较好分离EG细胞的效果，与其它两组比较差异显著；手工传代方式与连同成纤维细胞一起消化的传代方式相比获得了较高传代比率。对所分离EG细胞经形态观察、AKP染色和体外分化能力检测，证实其符合小鼠EG细胞的集落状生长、细胞未分化特性及细胞多能性等特征。 相似文献
3.
不同来源的供体细胞对水牛体细胞核移植效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电融合方法,探讨不同来源的供体细胞对水牛核移植效果的影响。体外成熟培养22～24h的水牛卵母细胞,在含有5μg/mL细胞松弛素B的操作液中进行去核,然后将经0.1μg/mLAphidicolin(APD)+0.5%FBS培养2～9d的水牛不同来源的供体细胞,注射到去核的卵母细胞卵周隙中,电融合形成重构胚。重构胚经5μmol/L离子霉素激活处理5min,并在2mmol/L的6-DMAP中培养3h后,在含有颗粒细胞单层细胞的微滴中培养7～9d,观察其卵裂和胚胎发育情况。结果发现,来自水牛胎儿耳部或腹部组织块的成纤维细胞用作供体细胞,其重组胚的融合率及体外发育能力差异不显著(P>0.05),且细胞培养方法(组织块法或酶消化法)对其核移植效果没有影响;来自编号011010的胎儿耳皮成纤维细胞重组胚的囊胚发育率显著高于来自编号030323和030410细胞(31.45%vs10.96%和14.49%,P<0.05),但它们的融合率、卵裂率无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明:经不同培养方法培养的细胞或来自身体不同部位的组织的成纤维细胞均可作为核移植研究的供体细胞,但是水牛体细胞核移植效果受供体的个体差异的影响。 相似文献
4.
摘要：采用4种不同的处理方法消化山羊胎儿睾丸组织，其中0.1%的胶原酶Ⅰ处理15 min后， 用0.25%胰酶处理5 min，经3次洗涤，睾丸细胞分散较好。用不同的培养体系体外培养，结果显示：原代培养山羊胎儿睾丸细胞培养120 h左右，获得桑椹状雄性生殖系干细胞(mGSCs)集落和单层支持细胞，mGSCs集落呈半悬浮式隆突生长，mGSCs集落和支持细胞分区明显；传代培养显示，在小鼠成纤维细胞饲养层上， mGSCs集落和mGSC单细胞被同质化程度较显著，而含有支持细胞的mGSC单细胞和mGSCs集落被同质化程度较弱；传代mGSCs集落和支持细胞共培养体系中，mGSCs集落正常生长，而且集落中细胞间隙紧密，mGSCs分化较慢。 相似文献
5.
金华猪胎儿成纤维细胞系的建立与生物学特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立并保存家畜的成纤维细胞在保护畜禽种质资源研究中发挥着重要作用。本研究以40日龄金华猪胚胎为实验材料,采用组织贴壁法建立了金华猪胎儿成纤维细胞系,并对所建细胞系进行生物学特性研究。结果表明,原代细胞生长迅速,贴壁后2~3d可长满培养瓶,获得的成纤维细胞生长态势良好;细胞生长曲线为典型的S形,细胞群体倍增时间(population doubling time,PDT)约为36h;细胞冻存前、复苏后的活率分别为95.2%和92.8%;细胞中期染色体二倍体(2n=38)占主体约为91%,达到了建立成纤维细胞系的要求;苹果酸脱氢同工酶(malic dehydrogenase,MDH)和乳酸脱氢同工酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)电泳结果表明,本细胞系没有被其他细胞污染,细胞纯度较高;细菌、真菌和支原体三类微生物检测结果均为阴性,细胞没有受到微生物的污染;15代细胞的凋亡率为2.0%,细胞没有大规模的凋亡现象发生;当阳离子脂质体(Lipofectamine2000)剂量为0.3μL、荧光蛋白报告质粒(pEGFP-N3)为0.5μg时转染成纤维细胞的效率最高,可达32.4%。细胞系各项指标均达到美国典型培养中心(American Type CultureCollection,ATCC)标准。金华猪胎儿成纤维细胞系的成功建立使金华猪种质资源在细胞水平得到保存,并可为胚胎克隆以及转基因等研究提供必要的实验材料;也可以为以后其他种质资源在细胞水平上的保存提供理论与技术支持。 相似文献
6.
为了从新转染方法与传统转染方法的比较中找出更为高效的转染方法,本研究以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)质粒DNA为外源基因,分别采用核转染法、电穿孔法和脂质体法转染牛的3种常用核移植供体细胞(胎儿成纤维细胞、胎儿输卵管上皮细胞、卵丘颗粒细胞).针对不同类型的细胞,实验首先对核转染法和电穿孔法的转染参数进行了系统的摸索和优化,然后将优化后的核转染法、电穿孔法与脂质体法在可控实验条件完全一致的情况下进行了转染对比实验,分析比较了转染48 h后的绿色荧光比率和细胞存活率.结果显示,核转染法转染胎儿成纤维细胞、胎儿输卵管上皮细胞和卵丘颗粒细胞的优化程序分别是V013、T023和U023;在电穿孔法中,当电场强度为90 V/mm,脉冲时间为10 ms时,胎儿成纤维细胞和卵丘颗粒细胞的转染效率最高,胎儿输卵管上皮细胞则在电场强度为80 V/mm,脉冲时间为5 ms时获得了最佳转染效率;最后通过转染对比实验得出,核转染法在3种细胞中都获得了最高的转染效率,分别为(98.78±0.30)％、(88.43±2.10)％和(71.31±0.77)％,均显著高于电穿孔法和脂质体法;转染后的存活率则为脂质体法最高,电穿孔法最低.研究结果说明,核转染法可以成为一种结合牛体细胞克隆技术生产转基因牛更有效的转染方法. 相似文献
7.
牛皮肤成纤维细胞的分离培养与人溶菌酶基因的转染研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要：为得到转染人溶菌酶基因的核供体细胞,采用组织块贴壁法分离培养牛耳成纤维细胞,经传代纯化培养,绘制生长曲线,将纯化好的带有人溶菌酶和绿色荧光标记基因的载体用脂质体法转入第4代成纤维细胞。24 h后荧光显微镜下检测到有绿色荧光蛋白表达,经500mg/ml G418筛选2周后,G418减半继续培养2～3代 ,PCR检测到有目的条带,说明目的基因已成功导入,因此本研究中获得的转基因牛耳成纤维细胞可能作为体细胞核移植的供体细胞进行转基因克隆牛研究。 相似文献
8.
猪的卵母细胞对外界环境非常敏感,造成猪的胚胎学相关研究是家畜繁殖学研究领域中最困难的方面之一。猪卵脆弱的主要原因是其胞质中含有大量的脂肪滴,但目前其具体生物学功能还不清楚。众所周知,猪的繁殖表现和环境密切相关,例如,温度、湿度、光照等。本研究目的是描述季节的变化对体外成熟卵母细胞发育能力的影响。连续两年从当地屠宰场获取初情期前猪卵巢,抽取猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体,并在不含BSA的NCSU-23(添加10 ng/mL EGF,10 ng/mL leptin,0.57 mm o l/L cysteine,10 IU/mL PM SG和10 IU/mL hCG)中培养44 h,然后用透明质酸酶脱去卵丘。部分卵母细胞经过电击进行孤雌激活,部分卵母细胞用来进行体细胞核移植。对于猪体细胞核移植,使用长白猪胎儿成纤维细胞做为核供体,上述脱去卵丘的卵母细胞作为胞质供体。克隆胚和孤雌胚在添加4 m g/mL的BSA液滴中培养,第2天和第6天分别计算卵裂和囊胚率(D 0:融合或激活的当天)。其中每个实验至少重复3次,所有实验都经过SPSS(13.0)统计分析。比较了不同季节每对卵巢获得A级卵(外包3层以上致密的卵丘细胞并且卵胞质均匀的卵母细胞为A级卵)和B级卵(外包2~3层卵丘细胞并且胞质均匀的卵母细胞为B级卵)的数量以及卵母细胞核成熟的比例(实验1),统计分析了不同季节孤雌(实验2)和核移植(实验3)胚胎发育能力的差异。实验1中发现春季(3~5月)COC s/ovary pairs的比例最高[7.6±3.5(春)vs 6.4±3.3(夏),6.7±2.9(秋),6.7±3.4(冬),P<0.05]。然而,没有发现卵母细胞的MⅡ百分比有显著性差异[75.3%±3.3%(春),73.5%±2.3%(夏),73.0%±4.2%(秋),76.5%±6.7%(冬),P<0.05]。实验2中观察到夏季孤雌胚胎的囊胚率显著性降低[10.2%±2.7%(春)vs 27.2%±3.5%(夏),24.2%±3.2%(秋),22.3%±3.4%(冬),P<0.05]。实验3,猪体细胞克隆胚胎在春季囊胚率获得提高[12.2%±1.3%(春)vs 10.3±1.1%(秋),8.1±1.4%(冬),P<0.05]。以上结果表明,季节变化影响体外成熟卵母细胞的发育能力。 相似文献
9.
山羊皮肤组织细胞分离与培养的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本实验研究了山羊皮肤组织细胞的分离,培养,纯化方法和生长特征,获得了传统代培养的山羊皮肤上皮细胞与成纤维细胞,组织块贴附培养和分散单细胞接种培养均能获得原代山羊皮肤细胞。用１５０ＩＵ／ｍＬ胶原酶ＩＴＣＭ１９９液３７℃下培养消化１０ｈ,可较好地分解组织块,产生接种浓度的分散单细胞。 相似文献
10.
以水牛胎儿为材料,从生殖腺中分离培养出牛原始生殖细胞,并对水牛原始生殖细胞的分离与克隆的影响因素进行了探讨。结果发现:(1)分离培养出的原生殖细胞(PGC s)呈集落状生长,细胞堆积密集,细胞之间界限不清,细胞与周围的成纤维细胞界限明显;未分化的细胞表达碱性磷酸酶(AKP)以及O ct-4转录因子;(2)收集妊娠29~100 d牛胎儿28例,从生殖嵴(腺)或类似物中分离克隆水牛PGC s,23例出现PGC s细胞集落。其中胎龄小于45 d(<3.0 cm)和45~55 d(3.0~5.0 cm)各7例,全部出现PGC s细胞集落;55~70 d(5.0~9.0 cm)9例,有7例出现PGC s细胞集落,大于70 d的5例,有2例出现出现PGC s细胞集落。结果表明,水牛原生殖细胞具有多能性特性,胎龄小于55 d的水牛胎儿易于分离培养形成PGC s集落。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化与细胞分化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA甲基化与DNA遗传信息的传递及组织特异性基因的正确表达存在着十分密切的关系。DNA甲基化受组蛋白H 3和DNA甲基化转移酶的调控;甲基化的DNA与许多的蛋白质共同相互作用,调控基因转录,从而导致基因印迹和基因沉默,使细胞向特定方向分化。本文重点综述了DNA甲基化位点、甲基化转移酶及DNA甲基化相关的蛋白质;DNA甲基化与基因印记、基因沉默的关系及其对细胞分化的影响。 相似文献
13.
Impact of lignin structure and cell wall reticulation on maize cell wall degradability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhang Y Culhaoglu T Pollet B Melin C Denoue D Barrière Y Baumberger S Méchin V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10129-10135
In this study, eight maize recombinant inbred lines were selected to assess both the impact of lignin structure and the impact of cell wall reticulation by p-hydroxycinnamic acids on cell wall degradability independently of the main "lignin content" factor. These recombinant lines and their parents were analyzed for in vitro degradability, cell wall residue content, esterified and etherified p-hydroxycinnamic acid content, and lignin content and structure. Lignin structure and esterified p-coumaric acid content showed significantly high correlation with in vitro degradability (r=-0.82 and r=-0.72, respectively). A multiple regression analysis showed that more than 80% of cell wall degradability variations within these 10 lines (eight recombinant inbred lines and their two parents) were explained by a regression model including two main explanatory factors: lignin content and estimated proportion of syringyl lignin units esterified by p-coumaric acid. This study revealed new biochemical parameters of interest to improve cell wall degradability and promote lignocellulose valorization. 相似文献
14.
Yoko Yamamoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2019,65(1):41-55
Aluminum (Al) ions are a major constraint for crop productivity in acidic soils. The root apex is the most sensitive plant part to Al, which inhibits root elongation and causes cell death. To elucidate the mechanisms of these toxic events, Al responses have been investigated in cultured cell lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), SL and BY-2. These cells at the logarithmic growth phase serve as a model system of meristematic cells at the root apex. Our research group has revealed three types of cell death mechanisms triggered by Al: (i) Enhancement of iron (Fe)-mediated lipid peroxidation leading to a loss of plasma membrane integrity (plasma membrane pathway); (ii) dysfunction of mitochondria accompanied by ROS production (mitochondria pathway); and (iii) upregulation of NtVPE1 encoding a vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE), which leads to vacuolar collapse and the loss of plasma membrane integrity (vacuole pathway). Mechanisms (ii) and (iii) have been confirmed in root systems of pea and tobacco seedlings, respectively. The inhibition of elongation (expansion) in SL cells was detected as a decrease in water content, together with decreased osmolality and soluble sugar content, which was partly due to the inhibition of sucrose uptake by Al. The inhibition of root elongation by Al due to the inhibition of the sucrose transporter (SUT) NtSUT1 localized at the plasma membrane was confirmed in tobacco seedlings, in which overexpression of NtSUT1 mitigated both the inhibition of elongation and cell death at the root apex under Al stress. 相似文献
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Serafin Muñoz AH Kubachka K Wrobel K Gutierrez Corona JF Yathavakilla SK Caruso JA Wrobel K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(9):3440-3444
The incorporation of Se to fungi has been studied, focusing on element distribution among different cellular compartments and, in particular, polysaccharide structures contained in cell walls. Se-enriched mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus were obtained in submerged cultures. The incorporation of selenium from the growth medium to mycelia was observed with the relative distribution between cytosol plus cell membranes fraction (CCM) and cell walls fraction (CW) of about 44 and 56%, respectively. CCM fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography with on-line UV (280 nm) and ICP-MS detection (80Se). The results obtained showed selenium binding to components of different molecular masses (about 24% of total selenium coeluted with the compounds of molecular mass > 10 kDa). A polysaccharide-containing fraction of mycelia was treated alternatively with Tris-HCl at pH 7.5 or with chitinase. Better solubility and increased contribution of low molecular mass compounds were observed in chitinase extracts (UV detection), confirming the degradation of polysacharides by the enzyme. The total area under the ICP-MS chromatogram of chitinase extract was 2 times higher with respect to the area for Tris-HCl extract. Furthermore, the relative contribution of selenium in the low molecular mass fraction (molecular mass < 1 kDa) in chitinase extract was 72% as compared to 45% in Tris-HCl extract (based on peak area measurements with respect to total area under the chromatogram). The results obtained suggest selenium binding to chitin-containing polysaccharide structures in fungi cell walls. 相似文献
17.
Procyanidins as antioxidants and tumor cell growth modulators 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Faria A Calhau C de Freitas V Mateus N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2392-2397
Five procyanidin fractions with different structural complexities were obtained after fractionation of a grape seed extract. The procyanidin fraction's abilities to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide dihydrochloride in a liposomal membrane system were examined. The antioxidant capacities of all fractions were evaluated through monitoring oxygen consumption and by measuring the formation of conjugated dienes. All tested fractions provided protection of membranes against peroxyl radicals by increasing the induction time of oxidation. This effect increased up to fraction II but decreased with the increase of the structural complexity of further procyanidin fractions, possibly due to steric hindrance effects exhibited by the more complex fractions. In addition, the antiradical properties and the reducing power of these fractions were determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing/antioxidant power methods, respectively. Moreover, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide reduction and DNA synthesis were measured in Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF-7), a human breast cancer cell line, treated with catechin or procyanidin fractions in order to evaluate the effect of these compounds on cell viability and proliferation. The results obtained showed that at 30 microg/mL, fractions I and II decreased cell viability and proliferation, which was not observed with 60 microg/mL of the same fractions. Catechin was also able to decrease cell viability and proliferation at 30 and 60 microg/mL. It is interesting to notice that the procyanidin fractions that exhibited higher antioxidant activity were the same to affect cell viability and proliferation. 相似文献
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Kang YH Parker CC Smith AC Waldron KW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8558-8564
Carrot cell walls have been shown to contain significant quantities of esterified p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is presumed to be esterified to cell wall polymers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and related phenolics among carrot cell wall polysaccharides. Cell wall material was prepared from fresh carrot root tissues and extracted sequentially with water, imidazole, cyclohexane- trans-1,2-diamine- N, N, N', N'-tetraacetate, Na 2CO 3, and KOH (0.5, 1, and 4 M) to leave a cellulose-rich residue. The fractions were analyzed for their carbohydrate and phenolic acid components. Selected soluble fractions were subfractionated further by graded precipitation in ethanol. The majority of the polymer fractions comprised pectic polysaccharides, with varying quantities of neutral sugars (arabinose and galactose). Hemicellulosic polymers were generally found only in the strong alkali extracts (4 M KOH). p-OH-benzoic acid was the predominant phenolic ester and was associated with most fractions analyzed; p-OH-benzaldehyde was also detected in the fractions at much lower levels. Principal components analysis of the chemical data indicated that the p-OH-benzoic acid was associated predominantly with the branched pectic polysaccharides, in contrast to the p-OH-benzaldehyde. The possible roles and functional properties of these phenolics are discussed. 相似文献
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本研究分3个实验。实验1对比了不同浓度的离子霉素对牛去透明带卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果;实验2比较了手工半卵切割法去核与显微半卵切割法去核的效果;实验3对聚乙二醇（PEG）细胞融合技术在牛手工体细胞克隆的应用进行了初步探讨。结果表明,对于去透明带牛卵母细胞孤雌激活,离子霉素浓度为2．0μmol／L组的激活效果最好,其囊胚发育率（29．4％）极显著地高于浓度为5．0μmol／L的对照组和0．5μmol／L组（囊胚率分别为8．3％和9．4％,P〈0．01）;采用半卵切割法去核,手工切割的半卵存活率（85．6％）与显微操作（90．3％）差异不大,切割速率（约100枚卵／h）相仿。对双半卵与体细胞进行同步融合处理时,应用50％浓度的PEG融合率（39．3％）极显著好于45％、55％和60％的PEG（融合率分别为0％、16．2％和5．3％,P〈0．01）。 相似文献