共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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为了解南太湖水域近年来水质状况,以及蓝藻生物量与氨氮和总氮之间的变化规律,实验采用统计学方法,对南太湖水域3个入湖口(小梅港、新塘港、大钱港)水质中蓝藻生物量、氨氮和总氮的年变化特征进行了调查;使用SPSS10.0中的Bivariate(pcarson)软件对蓝藻生物量与氨氮和总氮的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)南太湖入湖口蓝藻生物量一般有两个高位期,一个是在每年5—6月,另一个在每年的9—10月;(2)南太湖入湖口的总氮浓度处于富营养水平,并有向重富营养化发展的迹象;(3)蓝藻生物量与氨氮浓度的相关性系数r介于0.102～0.290,呈现不相关;(4)2008—2009年蓝藻生物量与总氮浓度的相关系数r介于0.010～0.210,呈现不相关;2010年蓝藻生物量与总氮浓度的相关系数r介于0.430～0.474,呈现低度负相关。结果说明南太湖入湖口的氮营养盐已经不容忽视,湖泊中氨氮和总氮浓度升高,将为蓝藻的繁殖生长提供条件,蓝藻一旦暴发,氨氮和总氮浓度反而迅速降低,在南太湖水域蓝藻生物量与氨氮和总氮浓度之间存在一定的此消彼长规律。 相似文献
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为探究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)培育生物絮团对浮游生物的影响,以枯草芽孢杆菌作为试验菌种,以养殖池塘水为试验用水,在有机玻璃水族箱(100 cm×60 cm×50 cm)中进行为期40 d的生物絮团培育试验。试验以添加葡萄糖为处理组I,同时添加枯草芽孢杆菌和葡萄糖为处理II组,仅添加枯草芽孢杆菌为处理III组,对照组不添加任何物质。试验过程中每5 d对各组水体取样,对形成的絮团物质进行显微观察,同时对各组水体中浮游生物进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,本试验条件下,处理I组和处理II组在第15天左右形成成熟生物絮团,生物絮团形成前期(试验开始至第15天),生物絮团组(处理I组和处理II组)水体中浮游植物丰度显著高于处理III组和对照组,而絮团形成后期(第15~40天),生物絮团组水体中蓝藻门的微囊藻属(Microcystis)、鞘丝藻属(Lyngbya)和绿藻门的扁藻属(Platymonas)、盘藻属(Gonium)和团藻属(Volvax)的丰度显著低于处理III组和对照组,表明生物絮团的形成前期对浮游植物有明显促作用,生物絮团形成后期对蓝藻门中的微囊藻属、鞘丝藻属和绿藻门的扁藻属、盘藻属和团藻属有明显抑制效果;生物絮团形成后期,生物絮团组水体中轮虫、枝角类和桡足类浮游动物丰度显著高于处理对照III组和对照组,表明生物絮团对轮虫、枝角类和桡足类有明显促进作用。 相似文献
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<正>河蟹养殖塘口在夏季高温季节十分容易产生大量蓝藻,2015年以来每年均有因处置蓝藻不当而造成河蟹死亡导致严重损失的案例,河蟹养殖户损失惨重,故如何正确应对蓝藻暴发显得非常重要。一、蓝藻的形式与危害蓝藻(水华)大量出现时,水体一般呈蓝色或绿色,水面被厚厚的蓝绿色湖靛所覆盖,被风吹到岸边堆积,不但会发出恶臭味,且含毒素的蓝藻细胞在水体中漂游,当与某些悬浮物络合沉淀,或被养殖对象捕食后随其排泄物沉 相似文献
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养殖水体蓝藻水华的防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从本质上讲,水华是以蓝藻为载体的物质和能量转换的结果[1].在含营养物质丰富的水体中,有些蓝藻常于夏季大量繁殖,并在水面形成一层蓝绿色而有腥臭味的浮沫,被称为"水华".大规模的蓝藻爆发,被称为"绿潮".中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所的孔繁翔研究员等在2007年对蓝藻水华的形成机制进行了研究,提出了4阶段的理论假设:即蓝藻的生长与水华的形成可以分为休眠、复苏、生长、上浮及聚集4个阶段.每个阶段中,蓝藻的生理特性及主导环境影响因子有所不同.在冬季,水华蓝藻的休眠主要受低温及黑暗环境所影响.春季的复苏过程主要受湖泊沉积表面的温度和溶解氧控制,而光合作用和细胞分裂所需要的物质与能量,决定水华在春季和夏季的生长状况,一旦有合适的气象与水文条件,已在水体中积累的大量蓝藻群体将上浮到水体表面积聚,形成可见的水华[2].水华的出现最根本的原因还是排入水体的污染物远远大于水体环境的自身容量[3]. 相似文献
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水产养殖池塘裸藻水华的特点、危害和调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水华是水体藻类大量生长或聚集并达到一定浓度的现象,是水体富营养化和特定条件综合作用的结果。能够形成水华的藻类有蓝藻、甲藻、硅藻、隐藻、绿藻、裸藻等,其中,蓝藻、甲藻水华比较常见, 相似文献
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近年来,随着城市和工业的迅速发展,大量污水排入水体,加上北方连年的干旱少雨,水源的多次重复使用,水中的藻类结构发生很大变化,由均衡的多藻种逐渐演变为以绿藻和蓝藻为主,很多水域由于蓝藻的泛滥,给养殖业带来很大的损失。1蓝藻的危害蓝藻是地球上一种最古老的植物类群,它对环境要求不严格,容易分布,大多数种类生活在淡水中,喜欢含氮量高的有机物较多的碱性水体,比较喜欢高温,大量繁殖形成水华,在水华衰老期间,大量死亡,将水中溶解氧耗尽,引起鱼类和水生动物窒息死亡,影响水生生态系统的健康发展。当水面出现蓝藻水华时,水面被厚厚的一层蓝绿色的湖靛所覆盖,水体浊度增大,透明度降低,由于蓝藻大量繁殖,极大地消耗了水体中的溶解氧,并散发出腥臭难闻的气味。蓝藻是北方池塘常见的藻类,因其分裂速度快,很容易成为池塘中的优势藻类。蓝藻表皮有一层很厚的胶质层,虽然蛋白质含量很高,但鱼类很难将其消化利用。当蓝藻过量繁殖时,如遇天气突变可引起大批死亡,蛋白质分解产生羟胺、硫化氢等有害物质,引起鱼类中毒死亡。2蓝藻的控制方法形成蓝藻繁殖过盛的池塘,多为盐碱土壤,沙浆土质,而粘土和粘壤土质的池塘,蓝藻很难成为优势种类。碱土中硅、钾、磷这几种元素是严重缺... 相似文献
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探究光照强度对小球藻生长的影响,为香溪河水华预测提供理论依据。小球藻藻种为香溪河河水中平板分裂后逐步纯化所得。培养箱为40 L的方形塑料箱,四周用遮光布严实包裹。培养液30 L。培养液为用放置24 h后的自来水稀释25倍后的BG-11标准培养基,磷浓度0.285 mg/L,氮浓度9.48 mg/L,p H值7.3~7.8。恒温加热棒控制水温24℃。以平行布置的8根日光灯管作为光源,开关不同数量的日光灯管设定光强梯度,光照梯度为0、800、1 500、2 400、3 200、4 500、6 000 lx。采用电磁式真空泵曝气,曝气比率设置为10%。设置2组平行实验,每个培养箱中加入处理后的藻液10 m L。实验过程为期12d,每天上午8∶00取样,监测指标为光密度、叶绿素a、溶解性总磷、溶解性总氮。结果表明,光照强度在800~1 500 lx时易发生长周期的绿藻水华,绿藻水华转变为蓝藻水华的可能性低;3 200~4 500 lx时易发生短周期的绿藻水华;6 000 lx时发生蓝藻水华的风险很大。香溪河在光照强度小于3 200 lx时不必做蓝藻水华防御措施;光照强度大于4 500 lx时,需提前做适当的蓝藻水华防御措施。 相似文献
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中性柠檬酸菌对几种常见藻类生长的他感作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在４５００～４８００ｌｕｘ光照,２６～２８℃的培养条件下,从绿裸藻（Ｅｕｇｌｅｎａｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ）水华中分离的优势菌种之一中性柠檬酸菌（Ｃｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｓ）的分泌物对斜生栅藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ）、粉核小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌａｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ）、羊角月牙藻（Ｓｅｌｅｎａｓｔｒｕｍｃａｐｒｉ ｃｏｒｍｕｔｕｍ）、水华鱼腥藻（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｆｌｏｓ－ａｑｕａｅ）和易变鱼腥藻（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｖｑｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ）的生长有促进作用;对银灰平裂藻（Ｍｅｒｉｓｍｏｐｅｄｉａｇｌａｕｃａ）、莱茵衣藻（Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｏｎｏｎａｓｒｅｉｎｈａｒｄｉ）和铜绿微囊藻（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓａｅｒｕｇｉｕｏｓａ）的生长具有抑制作用。中性柠檬酸菌胞外分泌物能促进粉核小球藻细胞个体的长大,对其他藻类主要是影响细胞的大小。中性柠檬酸菌对不同藻类影响的差异对水华过程可能具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The effects of phosphorus and nitrogen on phytoplankton dominance in tropical fish ponds 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Nine ponds were used to determine the effects of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) loading on the phytoplankton dominance in tropical fish ponds. Three ponds received triple superphosphate (TSP), three received triple superphosphate plus urea (TSP-Urea) and the rest served as the control. Addition of both phosphorus and nitrogen (TSP-Urea treatment) resulted in higher total phytoplankton than the TSP treatment and the control (P < 0.05). In general, blue-green algae formed the dominant group in TSP-Urea treatment ponds, followed by dinoflagellates, green algae, euglenoids and diatoms. In TSP-Urea treatment ponds, green algae was the most abundant group followed by blue-green, dinoflagellates, euglenoids and diatoms. Addition of combined nitrogen and phosphorus to the ponds not only significantly increased (P < 0.05) total phytoplankton densities, but also caused a shift from blue-green algal dominance to green algae. TSP treatment ponds showed significantly higher blue-green algae than TSP-Urea treatment in the early culture cycle. However, as the ponds became more productive with time, blue-green algae also appeared to be common in TSP-Urea treatment in spite of high N : P ratios. The blue-green algae increased linearly with the increase of total phytoplankton in all treatments (r2= 0.58, P < 0.01). 相似文献
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E.A. Seymour 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1980,19(1):55-74
It has been demonstrated that large quantities of ammonia may be released into the water of a fish pond following the collapse of an algal bloom. Some blue-green algae are thought to release toxins. This paper puts forward another explanation for this occurrence. A review of the disease known as Infectious Dropsy of Carp (IDC) based on the findings of this paper shows it to be caused by ammonia. Various methods to counteract this disease are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the policy concerning the addition of fertilizers. It is shown that dense blooms of nitrogen-fixing algae can be controlled by manipulation of the nitrogen: phosphorus balance of ponds. Determination of the aetiology of carp dropsy will probably lead to a better understanding of other diseases of fish which are manifested by similar symptoms. The disease of trout known as Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) is discussed in this context. For clarification it is proposed that infectious dropsy of carp be renamed Environmental Ammonotelic Syndrome (EAS). 相似文献
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横山水库浮游植物群落结构季节性变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了2010-2011年不同季节横山水库浮游植物群落结构的变化特征.结果表明,4个季节共采集到90种(属)浮游植物,蓝藻和硅藻在横山水库浮游植物季节性演替中的作用非常重要.在太湖流域首次发现拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis sp.),夏季在水库成为优势种并引起水华,密度达到1.01×108个/L.富营养化日趋严重的横山水库为拟柱胞藻水华奠定了基础.作为生态入侵种,拟柱胞藻可以产生毒素,危害生态系统和人体健康.应加强监测和流域综合管理,防止拟柱胞藻水华扩散到流域内其它大型水库. 相似文献
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- During this study, the effects of epiphytic filamentous algae on the survival of demersal spawned fish eggs were investigated in one of the most important spawning grounds of herring in the western Baltic Sea, which is subject to intense and ongoing eutrophication.
- In coastal marine ecosystems all over the world, eutrophication is a primary water quality issue, often resulting in mass developments of bloom‐forming algae. Macro‐algal blooms have immense ecological effects, as they alter the structure and the function of an ecosystem. Numerous fish species are affected, as they depend on those coastal areas for spawning and as juvenile habitats.
- A comparison of the survival of herring eggs on two natural spawning beds re‐vealed an immense impact of a filamentous algal bloom. The mortality rate reached nearly 100% in the area with massive occurrence of filamentous brown algae.
- Hypothesizing that the presence of filamentous algae facilitates herring egg mortality, field and laboratory experiments were conducted and revealed particular effects of distinct algal species. The survival rate of artificially spawned eggs on algal substrates and control substrates was compared. Whereas filamentous forms of the green alga Ulva intestinalis induced no immediate effect, significantly higher egg mortality was documented in experiments with the filamentous brown alga Pylaiella littoralis.
- Considering the ecological and economical importance of herring and other coastal spawners on the one hand and the persisting and increasing effects of eutrophication and climate change on the other hand, the results of our study clearly underpin the necessity to increase global efforts to reduce nutrient loads in coastal waters.
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Kevin R. Stuart Arnold G. Eversole David E. Brune 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(1):105-111
Abstract.— The freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was provided water containing green algae and cyanobacteria delivered from the Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) at eight flow rates to determine algal filtration rates as mg of particulate organic carbon (POC)/kg wet tissue weight per h. The dominant taxon in cyanobacterial waters was Microcystis while the dominant taxa in green algal waters were Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus . The cell counts of Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus were the only algal taxa that were significantly different between the incoming water and water filtered by mussels. Filtration rates of POC obtained from green algal water were significantly greater than from cyanobacteria-dominated waters at all flow rates. A significant increase in mean filtration rate was observed as flow rates increased. The filtration rate of green algae increased as POC concentration increased, peaking at 28 mg C/L. A maximum filtration rate was not observed with cyanobacterial waters. 相似文献
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摘要：电解锰行业较聚集的松桃河流域锰污染问题突出，但其水生生态系统的风险尚不明确。本文根据现场调研和监测，了解了松桃河主要藻类的分布和生长情况，并对松桃河的水质指标、底泥和藻类的金属含量进行了研究和数据分析。结果发现：松桃河有藻类聚集生长的区域较少，主要在部分河水流速较缓、周边有居民区的受污染河段发现了附着在河底石块上生长茂盛的水绵属（Spirogyra）和刚毛藻属（Cladophora）丝状藻群落；松桃河水体中的主要污染物为氨氮和锰，流经锰聚集区的河段超标情况明显，丝状藻和底泥的Mn含量均较高且呈现出明显的空间差异，但两者的金属元素含量特征存在明显的差异，丝状藻呈现出对金属离子选择性的累积，特别是对Mn的累积能力较强，同时水绵属丝状藻和刚毛藻属丝状藻也展现出对金属元素累积能力的差异性；丝状藻中的Mn等金属元素主要来自底泥，其次来自河流，丝状藻的锰含量比较综合的反映了河流的锰污染水平和累积情况；松桃河的活体丝状藻对Mn的富集系数达到2.6以上，显示了超强的锰富集和耐受能力，具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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汉江流域是多个引调水工程水源地,在国家水资源配置战略中具有重要地位,其水质安全问题一直备受关注。汉江中下游自1992年首次爆发水华以来,水华事件已累计发生10余次,给沿岸居民生产生活带来严重影响。本文系统调研了汉江水华相关研究进展,归纳分析了汉江中下游水华优势藻种及其生物学特性,统计分析了汉江中下游历次水华的发生特征,从营养盐、水文水动力、气象等条件方面归纳了现有研究成果中对于汉江中下游水华爆发成因的解释,总结了汉江中下游水华预测相关模型及水华可调控环境因子的阈值。当前汉江中下游水华防控面临新的挑战,未来仍需在环境因子对硅藻水华生消的影响机理、水华预测模型与方法、水华预警和抑制水华生态调度技术等方面继续开展深入研究。 相似文献