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1.
Inheritance of seed colour in Brassica campestris L. and breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus L. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary Seed colour inheritance was studied in five yellow-seeded and one black-seeded B. campestris accessions. Diallel crosses between the yellow-seeded types indicated that the four var. yellow sarson accessions of Indian origin had the same genotype for seed colour but were different from the Swedish yellow-seeded breeding line. Black seed colour was dominant over yellow. The segregation patterns for seed colour in F2 (Including reciprocals) and BC1 (backcross of F1 to the yellow-seeded parent) indicated that the black seed colour was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Seed colour was mainly controlled by the maternal genotype but influenced by the interplay between the maternal and endosperm and/or embryonic genotypes. For developing yellow-seeded B. napus genotypes, resynthesized B. napus lines containing genes for yellow seed (Chen et al., 1988) were crossed with B. napus of yellow/brown seeds, or with yellow-seeded B. carinata. Yellow-seeded F2 plants were found in the crosses that involved the B. napus breeding line. However, this yellow-seeded character did not breed true up to F4. Crosses between a yellow-seeded F3 plant and a monogenomically controlled black-seeded B. napus line of resynthesized origin revealed that the black-seeded trait in the B. alboglabra genome was possibly governed by two independently dominant genes with duplicated effect. Crossability between the resynthesized B. napus lines as female and B. carinata as male was fairly high. The sterility of the F1 plants prevented further breeding progress for developing yellow-seeded B. napus by this strategy. 相似文献
2.
Production of yellow-seeded Brassica napus through interspecific crosses 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Yellow‐seeded Brassica napus was developed from interspecific crosses between yellow‐seeded Brassica rapa var.‘yellow sarson’ (AA), black‐seeded Brassica alboglabra (CC), yellow‐seeded Brassica carinata (Bbcc) and black‐seeded B. napus (AACC). Three different interspecific crossing approaches were undertaken. Approaches 1 and 2 were designed directly to develop yellow‐seeded B. napus while approach 3 was designed to produce a yellow‐seeded CC genome species. Approaches 1 and 2 differed in the steps taken after trigenomic interspecific hybrids (ABC) were generated from B. carinata×B. rapa crosses. The aim of approach 1 was to transfer the yellow seed colour genes from the A to the C genome as an intermediate step in developing yellow‐seeded B. napus. For this purpose, the ABC hybrids were crossed with black‐seeded B. napus and the three‐way interspecific hybrids were self‐pollinated for a number of generations. The F7 generation resulted in the yellowish‐brown‐seeded B. napus line, No. 06. Crossing this line with the B. napus line No. 01, resynthesized from a black‐seeded B. alboglabra x B. rapa var.‘yellow sarson’ cross (containing the yellow seed colour genes in its AA genome), yielded yellow‐seeded B. napus. This result indicated that the yellow seed colour genes were transferred from the A to the C genome in the yellowish‐brown seed colour line No. 06. In approach 2, trigenomic diploids (AABBCC) were generated from the above‐mentioned trigenomic haploids (ABC). The seed colour of the trigenomic diploid was brown, in contrast to the yellow seed colour of the parental species. Trigenomic diploids were crossed with the resynthesized B. napus line No. 01 to eliminate the B genome chromosomes, and to develop yellow‐seeded B. napus with the AA genome of ‘yellow sarson’ and the CC genome of B. carinata with yellow seed colour genes. This interspecific cross failed to generate any yellow‐seeded B. napus. Approach 3 was to develop yellow‐seeded CC genome species from B. alboglabra×B. carinata crosses. It was possible to obtain a yellowish‐brown seeded B. alboglabra, but crossing this B. alboglabra with B. rapa var.‘yellow sarson’ failed to produce yellow seed in the resynthesized B. napus. The results of approaches 2 and 3 demonstrated that yellow‐seeded B. napus cannot be developed by combining the yellow seed colour genes of the CC genome of yellow‐seeded B. carinata and the AA genome of ‘yellow sarson’. 相似文献
3.
Yellow seeded Brassica napus was developed through interspecific crosses with the two mustard species, B. juncea and B. carinata. The objective of these two interspecific crosses was the introgression of genes for yellow seed colour from the A genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. carinata into the A and C genomes of B. napus, respectively. The interspecific F1 generations were backcrossed to B. napus in an attempt to eliminate B genome chromosomes and to improve fertility. Backcross F2 plants of the (B. napus×B. juncea) ×B. napus cross were then crossed with backcross F2 plants of the (B. napus×B. carinata) ×B. napus cross. The objective of this intercrossing was to combine the A and C genome yellow seeded characteristics of the two backcross populations into one genotype. The F2 generation of the backcross F2 intercrosses was grown in the field, plants were individually harvested and visually rated for seed colour. Ninety-one yellow seeded plants were identified among the 4858 plants inspected. This result indicated that the interspecific crossing scheme was successful in developing yellow seeded B. napus. 相似文献
4.
5.
Genetic variation of yellow-seeded rapeseed lines (Brassica napus L.) from different genetic sources 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
In order to breed yellow-seeded rapeseed, 16 yellow-seeded lines of Brassica napus L. derived from eight genetic sources were used. The genetic variation of the seedcoat ratio, the cellulose content of the seedcoat, the oil content of the seedcoat and of the embryo, and also the correlations between these characters of the yellow- and brown-seeded plants from the same line, were analysed by variance analysis and path analysis. The results show that the seedcoat ratio and cellulose content of brown seeds are 4.2% and 17.74%, respectively, higher than that of yellow seeds and the oil content of the seedcoat of brown seeds is 3% lower than that of the yellow seeds, these differences all being highly significant. However, the differences between yellow and brown seeds in 1000-seed weight and oil content of the embryo were very small. Both characters are determined mainly by the genetic background and not by seed colour or seedcoat thickness. The correlation analysis revealed that the seedcoat thickness has a highly significant positive correlation with the cellulose content of the seedcoat and is highly significantly negatively correlated with the seedcoat oil content and the 1000-seed weight. The oil content of the embryo alone has a highly significant negative correlation with 1000-seed weight. In yellow seeds, the seedcoat thickness has a large and directly positive effect on the oil content of the embryo whereas the 1000-seed weight has a negative one; the opposite was found in brown seeds. Selection objectives in breeding yellow seeds in Brassica napus are also discussed. 相似文献
6.
芥菜型油菜黄籽性状的遗传、基因定位和起源探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
油菜种皮颜色既是一个形态指示性状, 又与种子休眠和品质有关。以芥菜型油菜种皮颜色分离的2个BC6F2群体为作图群体,用微卫星(SSR)等标记进行连锁定位, 并用定位标记对22份材料进行关联分析, 通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析12份材料种皮中4-二氢黄酮醇还原酶(DFR)、花色素合酶(ANS)和花色素还原酶(ANR)基因的表达, 对6份黄籽材料的种皮颜色基因等位性进行测定, 结果将芥菜型油菜控制种皮颜色的2个基因位点分别定位到A9和B3连锁群, 并找到其两侧紧密连锁标记, 发现黄籽材料种皮颜色基因位点附近0.9 cM和1.5 cM区域高度保守, 所有黑色种皮中DFR、ANS和ANR基因均表达, 所有黄色种皮中DFR和ANS均不表达,但ANR基因表达或不表达,黄籽材料的种皮颜色基因等位。根据这些结果结合前人研究, 认为芥菜型油菜种皮颜色基因是调控基因,黄籽为单一起源。 相似文献
7.
Brassica napus L. was resynthesized through interspecific hybridization between B. alboglabra Bailey and B campestris L. with the objective or developing yellow-seeded forms of this species. For hybridization, one black-seeded form and one light brown-seeded form of B. alboglabra (a subordinate of B. oleracea) and one brown and ten yellow-seeded forms of B. campestris were chosen as parents. Crosses with B. alboglabra as the female parent were more successful than crushes with B. campestris as female. The use of the embryo rescue culture technique greatly increased the number of surviving hybrid embryos. Colchicine treatment was required for doubling the chromosome number of the amphihaploid hybrid plants. In the newly-resynthesized rape forms, the white petal of B. alboglabra was partially epistatic over the yellow petal of B. campestris. The self compatibility of B. alboglabra was hypostatic to the self incompatibility of B. campestris. The black-seeded character of B. alboglabra and the brown-seeded character of B. campestris were completely eptstatic over the yellow-seeded character of B. campestris and the light brown-seeded character of B. alboglabra. Implications of the results from this study in breeding yellow-seeded B. napus are discussed. 相似文献
8.
黄籽油菜的遗传研究是实现油菜籽粒高含油量且饼粕低纤维素、低单宁、低色素等育种目标的重要途径。为了对不同来源的黄籽油菜进行遗传分类和多样性研究,对黄籽材料进行遗传等位性测验及聚类分析。结果表明,经过遗传测验,按照相互杂交F1、F2粒色是否分离将11份黄籽材料分为5组,‘油研10’、CZV55、E718、Arm为一组,为一般显性遗传;Q33、D615为一组,为不完全显性遗传;2006C、X2006、740C为一组;Polo为一组;HY15为一组,后3组为一般隐性遗传。但是,2006C、‘油研10’等的黄籽性状的遗传根据杂交测验亲本的不同而呈现显性或隐性的变化。依据SSR标记检测结果进行聚类分析,将35份黄籽材料分为甘蓝型油菜、白菜型、芥菜型三大组。甘蓝型油菜又可再分为8个亚组,各自代表材料有2006C和740C、油研系统、Q33;法国Ramiro、陕西的GQ4、源自加拿大的Arm、prof;源自波兰的Polo等。不同材料按照系谱关系、育种单位、地理来源聚集在一起。研究结果为黄籽油菜杂种优势利用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
9.
采用白菜子房培养和甘蓝胚培养方法得到了带有标记性状的白菜和甘蓝种间杂种，并将这些人工合成甘蓝型油菜回交于白菜，得到３１个白菜－甘蓝单体附加系（２ｎ＝２１），和１８个双体附加系（２ｎ＝２２），为进一步对附加染色体上的所载基因定位奠定了基础。此外，还研究了附加甘蓝染色体对雄笥和雌性育性的影响，结果表明，白菜中附加甘蓝染色体可明显降低育性，特别是可显著降低附加系的自交和杂交结实率。 相似文献
10.
以3对遗传背景相同的甘蓝型黄籽和黑籽油菜为材料,研究甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中內源细胞分裂素(ZR)、各种色素、色素合成相关酶活性的动态变化及其相互关系,并以外源细胞分裂素类物质(6-BA)加以验证,结果表明,相同遗传背景下的黄籽油菜种子的ZR含量较黑籽油菜高,花后27 d比黑籽高4~5倍; 在甘蓝型黄籽油菜种子发育前期(27 d阶段)种子中细胞分裂素含量越高其成熟种子色泽就越浅; 种子的ZR含量与种皮中类黄酮、花色素、黑色素含量显著负相关,与多酚含量显著正相关,与酪氨酸酶显著负相关,与苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶无显著相关性; 施用外源细胞分裂素6-BA (50 mg L–1)可显著提高黄籽油菜黄籽度,明显降低甘蓝型油菜种皮中黑色素、花色素、类黄酮含量,对黑籽种皮的多酚含量无显著影响,但可增加黄籽种皮多酚含量; 6-BA处理可降低油菜种皮中酪氨酸酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,对多酚氧化酶活性无显著影响。表明细胞分裂素可减缓甘蓝型油菜种皮各色素合成,从而影响黄籽油菜色泽;该过程可能是通过调控色素合成的相关酶活性来实现的。 相似文献
11.
Two yellow‐seeded white‐petalled Brassica napus F7 inbred lines, developed from interspecific crosses, containing 26–28% emcic acid and more than 40 μmol glucosinolates (GLS)/g seed were crossed with two black/dark brown seeded B. napus varieties of double low quality and 287 doubled haploid (DH) lines were produced. The segregation in the DH lines indicated that three to four gene loci are involved in the determination of seed colour, and yellow seeds are formed when all alleles in all loci are in the homozygous recessive state. A dominant gene governed white petal colour and is linked with an erucic acid allele that, in the homozygous condition, produces 26–28% erucic acid. Four gene loci are involved in the control of total GLS content where low GLS was due to the presence of recessive alleles in the homozygous condition in all loci. From the DH breeding population a yellow‐seeded, yellow‐petalled, zero erucic acid line was obtained. This line was further crossed with conventional B. napus varieties of double low quality and, following pedigree selection, a yellow seeded B. napus of double low quality was obtained. The yellow seeds had higher oil plus protein content and lower fibre content than black seeds. A reduction of the concentration of chromogenic substances was found in the transparent seed coat of the yellow‐seeded B. napus. 相似文献
12.
Brassica carinata A. Braun is a highly productive oilseed crop in the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed has a high 2-propenyl glucosinolate content, which is undesirable. The objective of this study was to introgress, through interspecific crosses, genes for low 2-propenyl glucosinolate content from the B genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. napus into the B. carinata B and C genomes and thus develop low glucosinolate B. carinata. The cross [(B. carinata×B. juncea) ×B. carinata] yielded plants that contained only ～ 20 μmoles of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, which was an 85% reduction compared with levels in B. carinata seed. Plants of the [(B. carinata×B. napus) ×B. carinata] cross had normal high concentrations of 2-propenyl glucosinolate. Backcross plants of both interspecific crosses also contained 3-butenyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolates. The results of these crosses suggested that genes for glucosinolate synthesis were located on B genome chromosomes of B. carinata because B. napus C genome introgressions did not result in reductions of total glucosinolate contents. The total alkenyl glucosinolate content of one F3 family of the B. juncea backcross was similar to that of the B. juncea parent. It was concluded that through further selection in this family, B. carinata plants could be identified that would be basically free of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, and have a low total alkenyl glucosinolate content. 相似文献
13.
Identification and inheritance of a partially dominant gene for yellow seed colour in Brassica napus
A yellow‐seeded doubled haploid (DH) line no. 2127‐17, derived from a resynthesized Brassica napus L., was crossed with two black‐seeded Brassica cultivars ‘Quantum’ and ‘Sprint’ of spring type. The inheritance of seed colour was investigated in the F2, and BC1 populations of the two crosses and also in the DH population derived from the F1 of the cross ‘Quantum’× no. 2127‐17. Seed colour analysis was performed with the colorimeter CR‐300 (Minolta, Japan) together with a visual classification system. The immediate F1 seeds of the reciprocals in the two crosses had the same colour as the self‐pollinated seeds of the respective black‐ and yellow‐seeded female parents, indicating the maternal control of seed colour. The F1 plants produced yellow‐brown seeds that were darker in colour than the seeds of no. 2127‐17, indicating the partial dominance of yellow seed over black. In the segregating BC1 progenies of the two crosses, the frequencies of the black‐ and yellow‐seeded plants fit well with a 1 : 1 ratio. In the cross with ‘Quantum’, the frequencies of yellow‐seeded and black‐seeded plants fit with a 13 : 3 ratio in the F2 progeny, and with a 3 : 1 ratio in the DH progeny. However, a 49 : 15 segregation ratio was observed for the yellow‐seeded and black‐seeded plants in the F2 progeny of the cross with ‘Sprint’. It was postulated from these results that seed colour was controlled by three pairs of genes. A dominant yellow‐seeded gene (Y) was identified in no. 2127‐17 that had epistatic effects on the two independent dominant black‐seeded genes (B and C), thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of seed coat pigments. 相似文献
14.
甘蓝型黄籽油菜与黑籽油菜苗期生理特性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油菜苗期的植株长势与抗性及后期产量密切相关。为探索甘蓝型黄籽油菜抗逆性较弱和产量较低的原因,以2对不同遗传来源的甘蓝型黄、黑籽油菜近等基因系为材料,研究了苗期植株的主要生理特性。结果表明,甘蓝型黄籽油菜苗期生长势弱,叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量,光合速率和叶面积指数（LAI）均比相同遗传背景下的黑籽油菜低;与黑籽油菜相比,甘蓝型黄籽油菜无论是在不同的叶龄期,还是在植株的不同部位,均表现出“糖高氮低”的代谢特点,且越冬期叶片的硝态氮含量和硝酸还原酶活性也低;根颈粗和单株干物质重也明显小。甘蓝型黄籽油菜苗期生长势弱,冬前干物质积累偏少,进而影响其春后的生殖生长,这可能是其产量较低的重要原因之一。 相似文献
15.
类黄酮途径中,TT3编码的4-二氢黄铜醇还原酶是参与原花色素和花青素合成的关键酶。为了明确该基因可能的上游调控网络,利用黄籽母本GH06和黑籽父本ZY821构建的遗传图谱,以Bn TT3基因在高世代重组自交系群体中随机选取的94个株系花后40 d种子的表达量作为性状,采用复合区间作图法进行e QTL分析。结果共检测到5个表达量相关的e QTL,分别位于A03、A08、A09和C01染色体,单个e QTL解释表型变异的5.22%~24.05%。A09染色体上存在2个主效e QTL,单个e QTL分别解释24.05%和16.55%的表型变异,分别位于标记KS10260~KBr B019I24.15和B055B21-5~KS30880之间,微效e QTL分布于A03、A08和C01染色体上。A09染色体上的2个主效e QTL区间(包含200 kb侧翼序列)与拟南芥、白菜、甘蓝和芸薹族近缘物种基因组同源区段具有很好的共线性关系。基因注释结果表明检测到的e QTL均为trans-QTL,2个主效e QTL区段共包含78个基因,包括MYB51、MYB52和b ZIP5转录因子,可能为Bn TT3基因的上游直接调控因子,对这些基因功能的深入分析将有助于阐明甘蓝型油菜黄籽性状形成的分子调控机制,为黄籽候选基因的克隆筛选奠定基础。 相似文献
16.
Resynthesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): A comparison of sexual versus somatic hybridization 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sexual and somatic Brassica napus hybrids produced from the same parental plants were compared. Sexual crosses between a white-flowered, self-compatible broccoli selection (B. oleracea var. italica, cc genome) as the maternal parent and a flowering pak choi accession (B. chinensis, aa genome) yielded one unique spontaneous hybrid and four hybrids through embryo rescue. Thirty-nine somatic hybrids were recovered from a protoplast fusion experiment. Hybridity was confirmed by morphology, isozyme expression, flow cytometry, and DNA hybridization. Sexual and somatic hybrids exhibited differences in leaf morphology, flower colour, flowering habit, and organellar inheritance. Sexual hybrids were all fertile amphidiploids (2n = 38, aacc) following spontaneous chromosome doubling. All somatic hybrids had high nuclear DNA contents; most were probably hexaploids (aaaacc or aacccc) from the fusion of three portoplasts. Two initially sterile hexaploid (aaaacc) regenerates eventually set selfed seed after the loss of the putative extra aa genome following regrowth from axillary buds. A bias toward inheritance of B. chinensis chloroplasts was observed with somatic hybrids. 相似文献
17.
白菜—甘蓝染色体附加系的性状遗传 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以白菜和甘蓝种间对应性状作为遗传标记性状，人工合成甘蓝型油菜，建立白菜—甘蓝附加系，并用附加系研究种皮颜色、花色和雄性不育等三个质量性状的遗传。结果表明，在甘蓝的染色体组和甘蓝型油菜所含的甘蓝染色体组中，控制种皮颜色和控制花色的基因分别载于不同染色体上，控制所用白菜雄性不育的育性恢复基因与控制种皮颜色和花色的基因也分别载于不同的染色体上；选择种间对应质量性状有显隐性差异的白菜和甘蓝材料合成的甘蓝型油菜附加系，可用所选择性状作遗传标记对其进行区分和利用。 相似文献
18.
We studied the germination behaviour of the following types of seeds: weedy Brassica campestris, oilseed rape (Brassica napus),
B. campestris (♀) × B. napus (♂), B. napus (♀) × B. campestris (♂) and, finally, seeds harvested on B. napus (♀) × B. campestris
(♂) hybrids in open pollination with B. campestris and B. napus. The seeds were germinated in Petri dishes, using three different
consecutive treatments and assaying the viability of non-germinated seeds with tetrazolium staining. B. campestris seeds varied
in the treatment they required in order to germinate and many seeds were dormant, in contrast to B. napus seeds, which lacked
dormancy. B. campestris (♀) × B. napus (♂) and B. napus (♀) × B. campestris (♂) seeds both resembled B. napus being non-dormant
whereas seeds harvested on B. napus (♀) × B. campestris (♂) hybrids were more B. campestris-like in germination behaviour.
We discuss implications for risk of transgene spread from oilseed rape to weedy B. campestris.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
J. Fernandez-Escobar J. Dominguez A. Martin J. M. Fernandez-Martinez 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(4):310-315
Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) is a potential oil crop in which genes for low erucic acid content of the seed oil have not yet been found. In order to solve this problem the potential of rapeseed (B. napus L.) varieties as a source of these genes has been tested. Reciprocal F1 hybrids between B. carinata and a low erucic acid variety of B. napus, F2, and backcrosses with B. carinata were obtained. The fatty acid composition was determined in half seeds of F1 and segregating generations from reciprocal interspecific crosses. The genetic analysis indicated that the erucic acid content of the seed oil of B. carinata is controlled by two genes with no dominance and additive in action. 相似文献
20.
甘蓝型油菜与近缘种、属杂交时花粉-雌蕊相互作用的研究 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
甘蓝型油菜作母本与白菜、甘蓝、黑芥、芥菜型油菜和埃塞俄比亚芥杂交时,花粉粘合程度减弱。花粉管常常不能穿入柱头,与花粉管接触的柱头乳突细胞内普遍产生胼胝质。少数异源花粉管能穿过柱头进入花柱,但时有异常胼胝质沉积在花粉管中。海甘蓝的花粉很难粘合在甘蓝型油菜柱头上。异种花粉与甘蓝型油菜雌蕊的亲和性按大小依次 相似文献