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兽用抗菌药物滥用导致普遍的抗药性和药物残留,需要深入研究用药策略和抗药性检测方法,对抗药性进行有效管理。通过改进CLSI药敏试验方法,设置1/4、1/2、1、2、4倍的1/10临床剂量为检测浓度,就山东省平度市19个养殖场病死鸡和健康鸡群分离到的470株大肠杆菌对14种常用抗菌药物的敏感性进行分析。结果显示,91.67%的菌株对1/10临床剂量呈现多重抗药性;虽然各场敏感药物呈现一定的离散性,但1/10临床剂量的硫酸多黏菌素和甲磺酸培氟沙星在所有的养殖场均能杀灭90%~100%的大肠杆菌。建议统一同步使用敏感药物,进一步根据药敏监测结果,适时轮换用药,不但能取得较好的治疗效果,还可减少抗菌药物的使用种类和数量,避免多重抗药性的产生。 相似文献
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利用本室自主研制的新型96点阵药敏检测盒检测山东地区动物源大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的药物敏感性,试验结果表明,大肠杆菌对氨苄西林和喹诺酮类药物的抗药率达98%以上,禽源大肠杆菌的抗药率高于猪源大肠杆菌,猪源大肠杆菌的抗药谱广于禽源大肠杆菌;沙门氏菌抗药率略低于大肠杆菌,但同样呈现多重抗药,主要集中在5抗-7抗和13抗-14抗两个范围。96点阵抗生素药敏检测盒是适合于试验室进行大规模抗药性监测的新工具,具有简易、准确、快速、大通量、节约的优点,为临床治疗中抗生素的使用、细菌病的治疗提供了技术保障,从而达到避免盲目使用抗生素,降低细菌抗药率的目的。 相似文献
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奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌药敏试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌药敏试验○广州市奶牛研究所（５１０４０５）徐耀基奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗大多离不开抗生素或其它化学药物，但是抗生素常使病原菌产生抗药性，而降低疗效，有些化学药物残留体内对人体和动物健康产生不良影响。为此，我们在进行奶牛子宫内膜炎生物疗... 相似文献
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大肠杆菌（E.coli）是猪肠道内的常见细菌,体弱和幼龄猪受气温变化或食物变换等因素的影响时,肠道内的这些条件性病原菌便大量繁殖,引起肠道疾病.采集病原菌EL-1株（大肠杆菌）在培养基上培养生长,再制备各种抗菌药片进行药敏试验.经动物试验、肠毒素试验和抗原性研究,证明EL-1株能致死小白鼠,能产生肠毒素,具有较好的抗原性和较强的毒性.本试验通过药敏试验来检测这种病原菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性,以选择出有效药物用于预防和治疗这类疾病.试验表明,EL-1株除对氟哌酸、氟嗪酸、氟苯尼考和复方磺胺等药物有较高敏感性外,对其它抗菌药物具有不同程度抗药性. 相似文献
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大肠杆菌的药敏试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大肠杆菌(E.coli)是猪肠道内的常见细菌,体弱和幼龄猪受气温变化或食物变换等因素的影响时,肠道内的这些条件性病原菌便大量繁殖,引起肠道疾病。采集病原菌EL-1株(大肠杆菌)在培养基上培养生长,再制备各种抗菌药片进行药敏试验。经动物试验、肠毒素试验和抗原性研究,证明EL-1株能致死小白鼠,能产生肠毒素,具有较好的抗原性和较强的毒性。本试验通过药敏试验来检测这种病原菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性,以选择出有效药物用于预防和治疗这类疾病。试验表明,EL-1株除对氟哌酸、氟嗪酸、氟苯尼考和复方磺胺等药物有较高敏感性外,对其它抗菌药物具有不同程度抗药性。 相似文献
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大肠杆菌(E.coli)是猪肠道内的常见细菌,体弱和幼龄猪受气温变化或食物变换等因素的影响时,肠道内的这些条件性病原菌便大量繁殖,引起肠道疾病.采集病原菌EL-1株(大肠杆菌)在培养基上培养生长,再制备各种抗菌药片进行药敏试验.经动物试验、肠毒素试验和抗原性研究,证明EL-1株能致死小白鼠,能产生肠毒素,具有较好的抗原性和较强的毒性.本试验通过药敏试验来检测这种病原菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性,以选择出有效药物用于预防和治疗这类疾病.试验表明,EL-1株除对氟哌酸、氟嗪酸、氟苯尼考和复方磺胺等药物有较高敏感性外,对其它抗菌药物具有不同程度抗药性. 相似文献
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山东省鸡源性大肠杆菌耐药变化趋势监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2017,(2):250-253
本研究旨在了解山东省鸡大肠杆菌耐药变化趋势,以期指导临床用药。采用96点阵药敏检测法,测定从临床上分离鉴定的2008-2014年山东省不同地区鸡场的210株大肠杆菌对14种抗生素的耐药性。结果显示,鸡源大肠杆菌对14种抗生素中的13种(多西霉素除外)的耐药性在这7年间有所增长,其中对10种抗生素的耐受性在7年间近乎翻了1倍甚至更高。根据监测结果,建议在山东地区暂停使用头孢噻呋治疗鸡大肠杆菌病,推荐使用多西霉素、大观霉素、硫酸粘菌素,将庆大霉素、新霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考作为次级药物使用,并适当加大用量,应谨慎使用喹诺酮类药物和氟苯尼考。 相似文献
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山西猪链球菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
猪链球菌是一种常见的病原菌,能引起动物和人类发生猪链球菌病,本实验通过在山西灵石某猪场发病猪群中取样,分离病原菌,并且对病原菌进行培养、镜检、生化鉴定以及PCR的技术扩增其gdh和16srRNA的序列,然后进行药敏实验。鉴定出分离菌能够在鲜血平板上形成溶血环、革兰氏染色阳性、43种生化试验结果以及扩增出特异性条带,表明分离到的病原菌为猪链球菌。药敏实验结果可见其对强力霉素等药物敏感,而对头孢曲松和磷霉素完全耐药。为山西地区猪链球菌的防治提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解不同地区球虫对地克珠利(DIC)与盐霉素(SAL)的耐药情况,收集了来自江苏、山东、福建、安徽、河南地区共13个鸡场的球虫样本,对其进行了DIC与SAL的耐药性分析。试验时对每个虫株分别设药物防治组、感染不用药组和空白对照组,以抗球虫指数、病变记分减少率、相对卵囊产量、最适抗球虫活性百分率为指标进行综合评定。结果:来自江苏南通地区虫株中有85%对DIC表现出不同程度的耐药性,100%对SAL耐药;河南开封分离株对2种药物表现完全耐药;山东地区仅有1株对DIC轻度耐药,剩余虫株对2种药物均敏感。研究表明,目前南通与开封地区应避免使用DIC和SAL进行球虫病的防治,而山东、福建、安徽可放心使用这2种药物。 相似文献
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ZHOU Yu-zhao ZHANG Xiao-miao CHAI Jun LI San-ping ZHANG Na-na ZHANG Yi-fang 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(2):499-506
This experiment was conducted to investigate the bacterial causes and drug resistance of pig arthritis of four farms in Yunnan.Through isolation and culture,biochemical test,drug sensitive test,animal pathogenicity experiment and 16S rRNA identification,we analyzed the samples from four farms with pig arthritis symptom.The results showed that in all 96 samples,55 samples were Staphylococcus aureus positive,the positive rates were 20.8%,83.3%,91.7% and 33.3% in A,B,C and D farms,respectively;56 samples were Streptococci positive,the positive rates were 95.8%,21.7%,25.0% and 83.3%,respectively;Mixed infection rates were 20.8%,21.7%,25.0% and 33.3%,respectively.Therefore,Staphylococcus aureus was the major bacterial pathogen which caused pig arthritis in B and C farms;Streptococci was the major bacterial pathogen which caused pig arthritis in A and D farms;Two kinds of bacteria were more sensitive to ceftriaxone,minocycline and ciprofloxacin,and resistant to multiple antibiotics. 相似文献
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本试验旨在了解云南4个猪场猪关节炎的细菌性病因及其耐药性.通过分离培养、生化试验、药敏试验、动物致病性试验及16S rRNA鉴定,对4个猪场出现猪关节炎症状的样品进行了分析.结果显示,A、B、C和D 4个猪场共96份样品中,检出金黄色葡萄球菌55份,阳性率分别为20.8%、83.3%、91.7%和33.3%;检出链球菌56份,阳性率分别为95.8%、21.7%、25.0%和83.3%;混合感染阳性率分别为20.8%、21.7%、25.0%和33.3%.因此,金黄色葡萄球菌是导致B、C两猪场猪关节炎的主要细菌性病原;链球菌是导致A、D两猪场猪关节炎的主要细菌性病原;两种细菌对菌必治、米诺环素和环丙沙星较敏感,对多种抗生素产生了耐药性. 相似文献
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The Persistent Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from the Mammary Gland of a Dairy Cow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ogilvie TH 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):329-331
The contamination of cheese by Salmonella typhimurium serotype 10 resulted in the bacteriological examination of raw milk from 327 farms on Prince Edward Island. A milk sample from a bulk tank from one farm was positive for this pathogen. The possible source was linked to the isolation of the strain from the milk from one quarter of one cow. Although the cow was asymptomatic for any clinical illness other than a chronic staphylococcal mastitis in two quarters, the animal continued to shed Salmonella in the milk during a 36 day period. Necropsy failed to reveal a source of the infection. 相似文献
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Little is known regarding the types and frequencies of contact that exist between farms and which of these may act as pathogen transmission routes; however it is likely that farms demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in such contacts. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the direct and indirect contact types and frequencies that exist between cattle farms within a region, focusing on potential routes of pathogen transmission. The owners/managers of 56 farms located in a 10 km by 10 km study area in north-west England were administered an interview-based questionnaire between June and September 2005. Information was obtained relating to contact types and frequencies, including those involving animal movements, equipment sharing between farms and any contractors or companies visiting the farms.
The data was explored using hierarchical cluster analysis and network analysis. There was considerable variation between farms arising from different contact types. Some networks exhibited great connectivity, incorporating approximately 90% of the farms interviewed in a single component, whilst other networks were more fragmented, with multiple small components (sets of connected farms not linked with other farms). A range of factors influencing contact between farms were identified. For example, contiguous farms were more likely to be linked via other contacts, such as sharing of equipment and direct farm-to-farm animal movements (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively).
The frequency of contacts was also investigated; it is likely that the amount of contact a farm receives from a company or contractor and whether or not biosecurity is performed after contact would impact on disease transmission potential. We found considerable heterogeneity in contact frequency and that many company and contractor personnel undertook little biosecurity.
These findings lead to greater understanding of inter-farm contact and may aid development of appropriate biosecurity practices and control procedures, and inform mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. 相似文献
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对近年来山东省内鸡沙门氏菌病进行了调查,并对典型的沙门氏菌做了生化鉴定和药物敏感试验。调查表明沙门氏菌病在小规模养殖场的发生呈上升趋势,常与大肠杆菌病、新城疫和鸡球虫病混合感染。对所分离的沙门氏菌株鉴定表明,70%为副伤寒沙门氏菌,也有鸡白痢沙门氏菌的存在。药敏试验结果表明沙门氏菌对传统的防治细菌性药物产生了多重耐药性,这说明细菌耐药性的产生和发展与抗生素长期反复使用和盲目使用有密切的关系。本文为更有效地防控细菌性疫病提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Faecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Pig Farms with Different Durations of In‐feed Antimicrobial Use 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J. F. Gibbons F. Boland J. Egan S. Fanning B. K. Markey F. C. Leonard 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(3):241-250
Antimicrobial use and resistance in animal and food production are of concern to public health. The primary aims of this study were to determine the frequency of resistance to 12 antimicrobials in Escherichia coli isolates from 39 pig farms and to identify patterns of antimicrobial use on these farms. Further aims were to determine whether a categorization of farms based on the duration of in‐feed antimicrobial use (long‐term versus short‐term) could predict the occurrence of resistance on these farms and to identify the usage of specific antimicrobial drugs associated with the occurrence of resistance. Escherichia coli were isolated from all production stages on these farms; susceptibility testing was carried out against a panel of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial prescribing data were collected, and farms were categorized as long term or short term based on these. Resistance frequencies and antimicrobial use were tabulated. Logistic regression models of resistance to each antimicrobial were constructed with stage of production, duration of antimicrobial use and the use of 5 antimicrobial classes included as explanatory variables in each model. The greatest frequencies of resistance were observed to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and streptomycin with the highest levels of resistance observed in isolates from first‐stage weaned pigs. Differences in the types of antimicrobial drugs used were noted between long‐term and short‐term use farms. Categorization of farms as long‐ or short‐term use was sufficient to predict the likely occurrence of resistance to 3 antimicrobial classes and could provide an aid in the control of resistance in the food chain. Stage of production was a significant predictor variable in all models of resistance constructed and did not solely reflect antimicrobial use at each stage. Cross‐selection and co‐selection for resistance was evident in the models constructed, and the use of trimethoprim/sulphonamide drugs in particular was associated with the occurrence of resistance to other antimicrobials. 相似文献
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为了解江苏省水禽源大肠杆菌毒力基因分布情况,并分析其耐药性,采集了江苏部分地区64个养殖场疑似大肠杆菌性腹泻鸭的泄殖腔拭子510份,制备DNA模板,运用PCR技术进行检测,利用药敏纸片琼脂扩散法对100株分离株进行药敏试验。结果表明:江苏部分地区水禽养殖场致病性大肠杆菌阳性率65%左右;分离株对磷霉素、多黏菌素B比较敏感,敏感比例分别为90%和78%;耐药最强的是多西环素,耐药比例可达90%,其次是新霉素和四环素,耐药比例均为70%。结果显示,利用PCR技术可快速确诊,并通过药敏试验实现对敏感药物的筛选。 相似文献
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Burgess CG Bartley Y Redman E Skuce PJ Nath M Whitelaw F Tait A Gilleard JS Jackson F 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):299-307
A survey of sheep farms from across the UK was conducted to establish information on farming practices, the trichostrongylid nematode species present and anthelmintic usage. Questionnaires and faecal samples were returned from 118 farms. First stage larvae (L(1)) were cultured from faecal samples and used for PCR analysis to determine the presence/absence of selected trichostrongylid species. Teladorsagia circumcincta was the only species present on 100% of farms. Haemonchus contortus was found on ～50% of farms and was widespread throughout the UK. The most common Trichostrongylus spp. was T. vitrinus, found on 95% of farms. Determining the anthelmintic dose rate based on the weight of the heaviest animal in the flock to avoid under dosing was carried out on 58% of farms and was associated with a significantly lower mean epg (p<0.001) in lambs. However, the weight of animals was only estimated (as opposed to animals weighed) on 32% of farms. Macrocyclic lactones (ML) were the most commonly used anthelmintic class for ewes, whilst benzimidazoles (BZ) were the most widely used in lambs. Twenty-two of the surveyed farms had confirmed anthelmintic resistance, of these, 18 had BZ resistance, one had levamisole (LEV) resistance and 3 had resistance to both BZ and LEV. No farms in this survey reported resistance to ML. Location had a significant effect on the incidence of anthelmintic resistance on the farms in this survey (p=0.002). There was evidence of a lower risk of anthelmintic resistance occurring on farms from Scotland compared to those in England (p(f)=0.047) and Wales (p(f)=0.012). Farm type, flock type and open or closed status did not have any significant effect on the incidence of anthelmintic resistance when all other factors were taken into consideration. 相似文献