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1.
Somatic in vitro culture response of Lolium perenne L.: genetic effects and correlations with anther culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Genotypic effects on callus induction and plant regeneration in callus, suspension and protoplast culture, and their correlations with both phenotypic and GCA-values for anther culture response, were studied using 21 genotypes of perennial ryegrass. Differences between genotypes accounted for approximately 40% of the total variation for callus induction and initial callus growth, and 59 and 83% of the variation in callus culture for regeneration percentage and percentage of green plants. Effects of genotypes were less pronounced in suspension culture, where suspensions from the same genotype often behaved differently. Some suspension cultures retained their capacity for green plant regeneration for almost two years, repeatedly producing 80–100% green regenerants during this period. Genotypes with high regeneration percentage and a large proportion of green plants from callus culture were also superior in suspension culture for both regeneration performance and longevity. Regeneration percentage and percentage of green plants were uncorrelated, and probably under different genetic control. While capacity for green plant formation from the different genotypes showed no correlation between anther culture and somatic in vitro culture, a positive correlation was observed between the regeneration percentages in somatic in vitro culture and anther culture (r=0.44*–0.85***), suggesting some common genetic control of the two systems. 相似文献
2.
旨在探索苎麻体细胞植株再生体系的优化方案,为苎麻组织培养及品种改良提供理论与技术依据。本试验以‘湘苎3号’为试材,优化苎麻愈伤诱导植株再生体系,再将此优化的再生体系应用于其他4个种质材料,得出5个种质的愈伤诱导率、芽诱导率、再生苗生根率,来比较不同基因型之间的体细胞植株再生率差异。结果表明,‘湘苎3号’最佳愈伤诱导培养基为附加2,4-D (0.1 mg/L)和6-BA (2.5 mg/L)的MS培养基;‘湘苎3号’、‘咸丰大叶绿’、‘A’、‘B’、‘中苎1号’的愈伤诱导率分别是：83.3%、80.0%、76.7%、70.0%、53.3%。‘湘苎3号’最佳芽诱导培养基为附加TDZ (0.5 mg/L）、2,4-D (0.02 mg/L)和IAA (0.03 mg/L)的1/2MS培养基,‘湘苎3号’、‘咸丰大叶绿’、‘A’、‘B’、‘中苎1号’的芽诱导率分别是：28.4%、21.2%、12.8%、8.9%、4.9%。‘湘苎3号’最佳生根培养基为附加TDZ (0.02 mg/L)+NAA (0.05 mg/L)+IAA (0.02 mg/L)的MS培养基,‘湘苎3号’、‘咸丰大叶绿’、‘A’、‘B’、‘中苎1号’的生根率都是100%。 相似文献
3.
Crosses were made between seven hexaploid wheat genotypes. Twenty-one F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in a greenhouse with 16 h day/8 h night at 25°C and 15°C, respectively. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of one pot with three plants. Anther culture was performed in two different induction media (CHB and W14) and androgenetic traits were studied. Statistical analysis was carried out separately for each induction medium. Genetic variation was highly significant for androgenetic traits and the best parent (IBPT 19) produced 68 embryos and 9.3 green plants per 100 anthers in CHB medium. Genetic components were affected by induction media and some components were significant in one medium and non significant in the other. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all androgenetic traits, except for albino plant regeneration in both media and total plant regeneration in CHB medium, whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was not significant for the traits studied. Narrow sense heritability was high for embryo induction frequency and green and total plant regeneration. All our results indicate that androgenetic parameters can be improved in hexaploid wheat by genetic means. 相似文献
4.
Genetic control of the capacity to respond to anther culture in perennial ryegrass was studied in F1 offspring from crosses between 11 clones selected for anther-culture response (‘inducers’) and 10 clones selected from breeding material on the basis of good agronomic performance. Large differences in anther-culture response were observed between the two types of parent, with inducer clones producing an average of 10.7 green plants per 100 anthers, compared with only 0.3 for breeding clones. Hybrid populations produced an average of 2.2 green plants per 100 plated anthers, which is 7.3 times the response of the breeding material. This improvement was mainly due to a 9.4-fold increase in the percentage of green plants regenerated from hybrid populations to 4.7% compared to an average of 0.5% from breeding clones. Most of the GCA (general combining ability) in the experiment was contributed by the breeding material, constituting 55.8, 100.0 and 36.7% of genetic variation among hybrids for embryo formation, regeneration and green plant percentage, respectively. Any remaining genetic variation among hybrids was predominantly due to SCA (specific combining ability) effects, with percentages of 44.2 and 63.3%, respectively, for embryo and green plant formation. These results are discussed with respect to the possible exploitation of genes controlling anther-culture response for haploid production in breeding programmes of perennial ryegrass. 相似文献
5.
Eighty‐four cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and 95 wild strains (82 of H. spontaneum and 13 of H. agriocrithon) were surveyed for the production of callus, callus growth, and shoot regeneration in cultures derived from immature embryos. All cultivars except for ‘Turkey 381′, induced calli from more than 90% of embryos. On the other hand, the wild lines showed a large variation in the percentage of callus induction from 0 to 100%. Among the cultivars, those with the brittle rachis genotype, bt Bt2, on chromosome 3H, regenerated shoots with a significantly higher percentage than the cultivars with the Bt bt2 genotype. Green shoots were produced in a higher ratio (0.84) in the cultivars than in the wild lines (0.52). Among the lines examined,‘Lenins’ regenerated shoots efficiently (90.4%) and produced the highest number of calli with green shoots per embryo (4.77) followed by ‘Golden Promise’ (3.15). Examination of callus growth and shoot regeneration from embryos at different developmental stages revealed that scutellum development affected the quantity and quality of callus and shoot regeneration. 相似文献
6.
Components of Response in Barley Anther Culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Anther culture response with 17 widely-grown varieties and one model variety of barley was studied with one replication from field-grown donor plants and one replication from a growth-chamber. Plants were regenerated from all 18 varieties and green plants were obtained from 16 of them. On average, 1.6 green plants were obtained per 100 cultured anthers from all the material. Estimated variance components for the formation of embryos/callus from the anthers were dominated by the effects of the genotypes and interactions between plant material and environments which together accounted for 60.1 and 17.0 % of the total variation respectively, while environments were nonsignificant for this character. Plant regeneration from embryos/callus were not significantly influenced by either genotype or environments. Components of variance for green plant formation were dominated by the effects of the genotypes, accounting for 73.2 % of the total variation, and a smaller effect from environments accounting for 11.2% of the total variation. Main effects from genotypes on the percentage of green regenerants divided 7 varieties into two distinct groups, indicating that major genetic factors were involved. The genetic basis for green plant regeneration seems different from that governing embryo formation. The results are discussed with respect to the possible prediction of anther culture response for new barley hybrids, as a means for directing the use of barley anther culture towards material that responds well. 相似文献
7.
Plant regeneration from callus cultures may provide a source ot somaclonal variation for the improvement ot the apomictic grass Poa pratensis L. It is first necessary to be able to induce callus and regenerate plants in this species at a high frequency. Variation was observed between 50 cutivars of Poa pratensis for callus induction and plant regeneration. Using the cultivars ‘Merion’ and ‘Victa’, three basal media were tested along with various media additives. Murashige and Skoog's basal medium with 0.2 mg 1?1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.1 mg 1?1 6-benzylamanopurine, 100 mg 1?1 casein hydrolysate and 25 g 1?1 sucrose is considered to be a good medium for callus growth and plant regeneration. Embryo-like structures were observed in the callus of some cultivars but plant regeneration appeared to be predominantly from shoot meristems on the callus surface. The majority of regenerated shoots were green, but chlorophyll deficient shoots were obtained from media containing coconut milk. Green plantlets could be transferred to soil without difficulty. 相似文献
8.
为获得高品质、活力旺盛且具有分化能力的愈伤组织,本研究在已建立的海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense)‘新海16’再生体系基础上,以MSB附加0.1 mg/L 2,4-D及0.1 mg/L KT为基本培养基,采用单因素随机试验研究外植体不同部位、光照及培养基成分等对‘新海16’愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:‘新海16’愈伤诱导的外植体选用下胚轴中上部绿色茎段诱导效果较优;除此之外,愈伤诱导效果最佳的处理为2 000 lx光照强度、90%MSB无机盐成分、3 g/L PVP及1.2~1.4 g/L Gelrite或Phytagel,均能够降低愈伤组织出现白霜现象,对愈伤组织疏松生长有促进作用。本研究通过优化愈伤组织的诱导方法,提高胚性愈伤组织发生率,为‘新海16’高频再生体系提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
小麦花药培养的基因型差异与亲本选配分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对104份不同基因型材料进行花药培养,结果表明：F1代愈伤组织诱导率为13.28%,高于F3代的6.02%; 绿苗产率F1代为2.88%,F3代为1.10%,F1相当于F3的2.6倍。同样的培养条件下,不同基因型材料间花药培养力差异很大,愈伤诱导率在 0～111.43% 之间、绿苗产率在 0～49.29% 之间;愈伤诱导率、绿苗分化率与绿苗产率三者之间成正相关关系。同时筛选出了一批如宁春4号等具有高培养力、高产和优质基因的花培桥梁亲本,为有目的配制杂交组合提供依据。 相似文献
10.
摘要：[目的]研究不同激素及外植体类型对‘哈斯’油梨（Persea Americana Mill.cv.Hass）愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响,筛选最佳诱导条件和外植体。[方法]通过间接器官发生途径。主要探讨（1）单一激素萘乙酸（1-Naphthylacetic acid,NAA）、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid,2,4-D）;6-苄氨基腺嘌呤（6-Benzylaminopurine,6-BA）分别与2,4-D和NAA 结合时对‘哈斯’油梨叶片愈伤组织的诱导效应。（2）不同外植体（叶片、叶柄、茎尖、茎段）在相同条件下（基本培养基：MS+1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1NAA mg/L）的愈伤组织诱导效应。（3）单一激素 6-BA（或与NAA结合）对油梨愈伤组织芽分化的效应。[结果]结果表明：以MS为基本培养基,（1）添加1.0 mg/L 2,4-D/NAA,其诱导效果最佳,诱导率分别为45.3%和20.2%;但NAA诱导的愈伤质地较佳。（2）1 mg/L NAA与1.0 mg/L 6-BA结合,诱导效果较好,其诱导率最高可达84%。（3）诱导愈伤组织的最适外植体为茎段,其诱导率≥72.8%。叶柄次之,叶片和茎尖较差。[结论]综上,不同激素种类及其浓度和外植体类型对‘哈斯’油梨愈伤组织诱导影响显著。最佳诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+30 g/L蔗糖+7g/L琼脂。愈伤组织诱导最佳外植体为茎段,但诱导形成的愈伤组织难以分化出芽。 相似文献
11.
Effects of incubation temperature and developmental stage of microspores on polyhaploid production in three wheat cultivars‘Pavon 76′, ‘Kitt’, and ‘Chris’ and one triticale cultivar, ‘T81′, were studied using a one-step medium. Calli failing to differentiate on the one-step medium were placed on a medium containing 1 mg/l indole-3-acctic acid (IAA) and 2 mg/1 6-furfurylaminopunne (KIN). Anthers containing either early- or late-uninucleate microspores were incubated in dark at 26, 28 or 32°C lor 3 days prior to transfer to 26°C. Averaged over temperatures and microspore stages, frequency of calli and green plantlets were 8.9 % and 3.4 %, respectively, for wheat cultivar‘Pavon 76′, 8.4 % and 1.6 % for cultivar ‘Kitt’, 4.5 % and 0.25 % for cultivar ‘Chris’, and 2.9 % and 0.12 % for the triticale cultivar‘T81′. However, cultivar-by-developmental-stage interaction was significant for frequency of callus induction. Temperature had no significant effects on callus induction and plantlet regeneration. Anthers containing early-unmucleate microspores produced no polyhaploids. 相似文献
12.
Studies of the Genetic Relationship between Anther Culture and Somatic Tissue Culture Abilities in Wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A population of thirty-eight doubled haploid lines, developed from the F1 between two wheat parents differing in anther culture and somatic tissue culture responses, ‘was used to examine the genetical control of responses to these in vitro systems. During anther culture genetic variation between lines was exhibited for frequencies of callus induction., embryo production and embryo regeneration rates. In addition the relative frequencies of green and albino plants was shown to be genotype dependent. However, there was no correlation, between the frequencies of embryo production and the regeneration rate of those embryos suggesting an independent genetic control of these two components. Transgressive segregation for performance was observed for all components indicating that at least two genes are involved in the response of each, and lines for improved performance, combining high ernoryo production rates and good regeneration capacity were identified. No genetic variation for frequencies of callus induction from immature embryos was observed in this cross. However, genetic variation for the regeneration frequencies of plants was observed. Lines with an improved tissue culture response over the two parents were identified. There was no correlation between the performance of lines in anther culture and somatic tissue culture, indicating separate genetical control, and lines with alternative levels of response to the two systems were identified. 相似文献
13.
为了研究不同基因型和培养条件对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,以硬粒小麦、墨西里卡、野生一粒麦Tu和野生一粒麦Tb为实验材料,对其成熟胚在不同激素配比下愈伤组织的诱导和植株分化进行研究。结果表明,不同基因型小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生均存在很大差异。其中硬粒小麦的成熟胚培养效果最佳,其愈伤组织在不同2,4-D浓度（1.0~4.0 mg/L）下诱导率均在93%以上。不同激素配比对成熟胚愈伤组织绿点率、再生率均有显著影响。硬粒小麦、墨西里卡、野生一粒麦Tb在激素配比为KT 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L的分化培养基中培养效果最好,其绿点率分别为85.22%,61.67%,8.50%,成苗率分别为40.40%,32.06%,1.72%;而野生一粒麦Tu的最适分化培养基激素配比为KT 1.0 mg/L +NAA 1.0 mg/L,其绿点率和再生率分别为18.64%和8.47%。研究表明,基因型是影响二倍体和四倍体小麦成熟胚培养的主要因素,愈伤组织的诱导和植株的再生是相互独立的。 相似文献
14.
为研究洋葱愈伤诱导体系建立问题,对洋葱种子幼苗、鳞茎盘、幼嫩花序不同组织进行愈伤诱导,同时对愈伤组织进行继代培养和发芽诱导筛选。结果表明,12份洋葱种子材料未诱导出愈伤组织,12份洋葱球的鳞茎盘只有‘早春黄3号（不育系）’诱导出愈伤组织;22份洋葱花序在黑暗条件进行愈伤诱导,诱导率为100%,说明洋葱不同组织对愈伤的诱导发生存在差异,洋葱幼嫩花序培养基诱导率100%,说明洋葱最佳诱导愈伤的组织为幼嫩花序。对不同材料愈伤进行继代培养,‘早春黄3号（不育系）’和‘黄金大玉葱’愈伤生长最快;利用液体培养基进行继代培养,能够快速、高效扩繁愈伤组织。选用27份不同梯度组合的培养基对愈伤组织进行出苗诱导,在光照条件下,开始会有绿色组织形成,全部诱导出根,均未诱导出苗。石蜡切片观察外植体诱导愈伤和继代培养愈伤无差异,再生培养基诱导后有根形态形成。说明不同成分的培养基诱导洋葱愈伤组织,其内部促进生根的激素增加,导致根的诱导发生。通用型洋葱愈伤组织的诱导形成,为不同基因型的洋葱诱导出苗、生根奠定材料基础,对洋葱基因编辑等技术应用具有促进作用。 相似文献
15.
Factors influencing tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature embryos in turf-type tall fescue 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of turf‐type tall fescue for genetic transformation, the effects of five culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with immature embryos and mature seeds of an elite cultivar, ‘Coronado’, as explant tissues. For both explants, calli induced on 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP)‐containing medium had significantly improved regeneration ability. The optimal concentration of BAP for the induction of regenerable callus from mature seeds was 0.1 mg/l. Thidiazuron also improved callus regeneration frequency of mature seeds. Casein hydrolysate, L‐proline and myo‐inositol improved callus induction of immature embryos but not mature seeds. They did not improve callus regeneration frequencies with either explant tissue. By simply slicing the mature seeds into two halves longitudinally, the callus induction frequencies, as well as the corresponding overall plant regeneration frequencies, were increased approximately three‐ to six‐fold in all three combinations of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and BAP in callus induction media. 相似文献
16.
St Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is an important warm season turf and pasture grass. In vitro tissue culture of St Augustinegrass could serve as an important mean for its improvement through genetic transformation as well as induced somaclonal variation. To optimize tissue culture conditions for plant regeneration of St Augustinegrass, tissue culture responses of 11 explant tissues and four callus induction/subculture media have been examined. Embryogenic calli with regeneration potential were observed on cultures of early immature embryo [3 days after pollination (DAP)], immature embryo (7–14 DAP), and shoot base of young seedlings. The addition of benzyladenine (BA) in the callus induction/subculture medium enhances callus regeneration ability and does not harm callus induction for immature embryos. The best response came from 7 to 14 DAP immature embryo on MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l BA. The callus induction and regeneration rates were 97.7% and 47.6% respectively. However, BA supplement reduced callus formation and failed to enhance regeneration for young leaf bases. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that plant regeneration of St Augustinegrass is via somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
17.
为建立橡胶树不同品系的体胚发生和植株再生体系,为不同品系橡胶树良种生产奠定基础。以橡胶树优良品系‘热研106’、‘热试59’、‘热试62’的花药为材料,采用正交设计,对不同品系、不同植物生长调节剂配比培养基的花药愈伤和体胚诱导效果进行了研究。[结果]结果表明：3个品系的愈伤诱导率和体胚诱导效率差异明显,同一品系不同培养基的愈伤诱导率和体胚诱导效率差异明显;愈伤诱导培养基中的植物生长调节剂对下一阶段的体胚诱导有明显影响。根据本研究,‘热研106’的花药愈伤诱导最佳浓度组合为2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 2 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L,‘热试59’的花药愈伤组织诱导最佳浓度组合为2,4-D 0.5mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L,‘热试62’的花药愈伤组织诱导最佳浓度组合为2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L。‘热试62’的体胚发生最佳浓度组合为KT 3 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+GA3 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L。[结论]本研究获得了不同品系的愈伤诱导和体胚发生最佳培养基组合,为多品系橡胶树花药植株再生体系的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
18.
LED不同光质对菘蓝愈伤组织诱导及再生的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]为研究不同光质对菘蓝愈伤组织诱导及再生的影响,[方法]以定蓝1号菘蓝种子为材料,设置6个LED光照处理,分别为：荧光灯(CK),100R,100B,80R/20B,70R/30B,50R/50B,比较不同光质对菘蓝愈伤组织诱导、再生及生根情况,同时测定再生植株叶绿素含量及可溶性糖含量。[结果]结果表明：红蓝混合光处理较单一红蓝光有明显优势,70R/30B处理下,菘蓝愈伤组织愈伤生长状态最好,表现为颜色绿,质地致密,分化率最高为68.75%,再生植株生根率最高为92.86%,生根状态表现为生根早,根粗壮,根长等特征,均显著高于对照。70R /30B 处理下,叶绿素a、总叶绿素含量及可溶性糖含量均达到最大值。[结论]综上,红蓝混合光处理有利于菘蓝愈伤组织的诱导分化,再生植株的形态建成,叶绿素合成、可溶性糖积累,其中以70R/30B为最适光源。 相似文献
19.
Genetic control of alfalfa seed yield and its components 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Seed yield is of little agronomic importance in alfalfa (lucerne) but is critical in the marketing of varieties. In order to develop breeding criteria, the quantitative genetics of seed yield components must be studied. The objective of this study was (1) to evaluate combining ability for seed yield and its components and (2) to estimate the genetic control of these same characters. A 7 × 7 diallel mating design, including reciprocals, among parents from different varieties, and a 7 × 7 factorial design within the ‘Flamande’ population were evaluated. In the diallel design, where the progenies were evaluated over two growing seasons, a high genotype effect was found for seed yield and its components while genotype × year interaction was only significant for seed yield per plant. General combining ability (GCA) effects explained most of the variation due to genotype effect. Specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were only significant for seed yield per plant. ‘Europe‐1’, ‘Rival‐5’ and ‘Medalfa‐7’ were the most promising parents, conferring the highest GCA for most of the characters evaluated, especially for seed weight per inflorescence. In the factorial design, seed weight per pod was the only character for which the year effect was not significant. Male and female effects were significant for all characters and these effects were larger than the male × female interaction variance for all the characters. These results were stable over the 2 years for most characters. Additive variance was larger than dominance variance, for all traits. This resulted in high narrow‐sense heritabilities, especially for seed yield per plant, seed weight per inflorescence and number of seeds per pod. Seed weight per inflorescence and number of seeds per inflorescence were highly correlated with seed yield per plant among the full‐sib (FS) families, in both experiments. Increase in seed yield potential in alfalfa could be achieved by the use of seed weight per inflorescence as a selection criterion. 相似文献
20.
The aim of this work was to establish an in vitro regeneration system from anther cultures of different German varieties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Using ‘Nandu’ the most widely grown spring wheat cultivar in Germany, different culture conditions were investigated with regard to their influence on anther culture response. The best results were obtained when applying a cold pretreatment to the donor spikes and using the synthetic L3 induction medium, liquid or solidified with gelrite. The highest rates obtained in these experiments with ‘Nandu’ were 8.6% responding anthers, 22.3% embryoid induction, 15.3% albino regeneration and 5.5% green plant regeneration (all rates related to the number of cultured anthers). Of the ‘Nandu’ plants analysed, 51.1% were haploid and 44.3% were diploid, probably as a consequence of spontaneous chromosome doubling. When screening a further 16 commercial German varieties of spring wheat, 10 exhibited good anther culture response and four of these (‘Eta’‘Jondolar’, ‘Mieka’, and ‘Star’) proved to be highly responsive, reaching embryoid induction rates between 4.3 and 10.3% and rates of green plant regeneration between 5.4 and 10.7%. 相似文献