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1.
通过对抗性水稻品种IR36地上部分次生化合物的提取分离得到四种不同溶剂的萃取物。结果显示乙酸乙酯萃取物处理对褐飞虱若虫的活性最强。乙酸乙酯萃取物经柱层析分离得到白色针状晶体组分F4-1,分别测试了组分F4-1对褐飞虱若虫取食和褐飞虱成虫产卵的抑制作用。结果表明,组分F4-1对褐飞虱3龄若虫的取食有明显的抑制作用。在20μg/mL浓度时,褐飞虱3龄若虫蜜露分泌量明显减少,随着处理浓度的增加褐飞虱3龄、4龄若虫的蜜露分泌量均明显减少。在500μg/mL时,对褐飞虱3、4龄若虫的拒食率分别为68.95%和60.28%。在100和500μg/mL浓度时,褐飞虱3龄若虫的死亡率显著高于对照。组分F4-1在500μg/mL浓度时,对褐飞虱成虫的产卵有显著的抑制作用,产卵忌避率达91.03%。组分F4-1经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,其成分分别是(3α,24S)-5-烯-3-豆甾醇、反式-5,22-二烯-3α-豆甾醇、菜油甾醇和(3β,22Z)5,22-二烯-3-豆甾醇乙酯。  相似文献   

2.
为明确大气CO2浓度升高对寄主植物水稻以及取食水稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的影响,利用CO2光照培养箱模拟现有大气CO2浓度(400μL/L)和升高水平CO2浓度(800μL/L),测定CO2浓度升高后水稻营养成分和抗虫物质含量的变化,及取食水稻褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖力的变化。结果表明,CO2浓度升高显著影响水稻营养成分和抗虫物质含量,并对褐飞虱卵发育历期、5龄若虫发育历期、若虫总发育历期、成虫寿命、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率有显著影响。与现有大气CO2浓度处理相比,CO2浓度升高后水稻叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量分别显著提高17.01%和48.07%,而游离脂肪酸含量显著降低44.45%,水稻茎秆中可溶性糖和游离脂肪酸的含量分别显著增加35.32%和120.69%,总氨基酸含量显著减少28.97%。CO2浓度升高后水稻叶片中茉莉酸、水杨酸、总酚和类黄酮的含量分别显著增加70....  相似文献   

3.
烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱的亚致死效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
测定了烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度对处理当代褐飞虱及其子代生物学特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度LC_(15)(0.011 mg/L)处理褐飞虱3龄若虫,其发育历期显著延长,成虫羽化率显著下降,单雌产卵量从226.6粒下降到176.4粒,产卵期也显著缩短;子代的发育历期比对照组显著缩短,而子代的产卵量、产卵期和成虫寿命均与对照组无显著差异。子代种群数量趋势指数与对照组也无明显差异。上述结果表明,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度处理对当代褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖产生不利影响,子代发育历期缩短可能使褐飞虱存在一定的再猖獗风险。  相似文献   

4.
研究了抗褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)水稻品种IR36甲醇提取物各种不同极性组分对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ成虫单向选择性、产卵拒避率、取食量和若虫生长发育等影响。结果表明,各种组分对褐飞虱的定向拒避率为51.59%~97.64%,产卵拒避率为48.91%~86.90%;与对照相比,取食量减少2.5~5倍,虫体重量增加率降低约6~12倍,若虫的死亡率增高2~6倍,羽化率降低1.5~5倍,以上各项指标与对照相比均达到差异显著水平。说明各种组分对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ成虫定向反应和产卵选择有拒避作用,极性越低的组分作用越大;对褐飞虱取食行为有抑制作用,对若虫生长发育表现为负作用,导致其死亡率增加和羽化率降低,极性越强的组分作用越大。  相似文献   

5.
共生菌对褐飞虱生长发育和生殖的影响   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
对褐飞虱田间种群和生物型1在缺乏共生菌情况下取食不同抗性水稻品种后的生长发育和生殖的研究结果表明，取食抗性品种的褐飞虱体内共生菌数量均明显比取食感虫品种TN1的褐飞虱少，而取食抗性品种IR26、Mudgo和ASD7的2龄田间种群褐飞虱若虫的共生菌减少量均超过了50％。在感虫和抗虫水稻品种上，缺乏共生菌的褐飞虱若虫历期均显著长于正常若虫历期，若虫存活率、雌成虫体重、生长速率和产卵量均显著低于正常褐飞虱。正常的褐飞虱田间种群和生物型1在取食感虫和抗虫品种时的若虫历期均无显著差异，但缺乏共生菌的生物型1在取食抗虫品种Mudgo和ASD7时的若虫历期显著长于取食感虫品种TN1时的若虫历期。推测共生菌在褐飞虱适应水稻抗性品种的过程中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
褐飞虱与白背飞虱为害诱导水稻防御反应的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探究2种稻飞虱——褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)诱导的水稻防御反应差异,于室内测定了水稻在分别受褐飞虱或白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害时,其茉莉酸、水杨酸、乙烯、H_2O_2以及挥发物含量的变化。结果表明,尽管褐飞虱和白背飞虱产卵雌成虫的为害均可以诱导水稻茉莉酸、水杨酸、乙烯和H_2O_2等防御相关信号分子以及一些水稻挥发物含量的增加,但是二者的诱导作用存在差异。水稻在受白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害时,茉莉酸的含量在3 h时就显著升高,12 h时含量达到最高;而受褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害时,6 h时茉莉酸含量才显著升高,72 h时含量达最高;并且在2种稻飞虱为害的3～48 h内,白背飞虱为害诱导的茉莉酸含量始终显著高于褐飞虱为害诱导的。水稻受白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害24 h后诱导的水杨酸含量、为害48 h后诱导的乙烯含量、为害72 h后诱导的H_2O_2含量及为害24 h后诱导的挥发物释放量分别是褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害诱导的1.28、1.45、4.10和1.77倍。表明水稻能识别褐飞虱和白背飞虱的为害,从而做出针对害虫种类特异性的防御反应;并且水稻对白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害所做出的防御反应比对褐飞虱的更强烈。  相似文献   

7.
制霉菌素对褐飞虱取食行为、营养及共生菌数量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为明确制霉菌素对褐飞虱取食行为、营养和共生菌数量的影响,用150、300和600 U/m L制霉菌素处理的水稻饲养褐飞虱,利用刺探电位图、高效液相色谱和镜检法监测其取食行为及体内必需氨基酸含量和类酵母共生菌(yeast-like symbiotes,YLS)数量。结果表明,取食300、600 U/m L制霉菌素处理水稻的褐飞虱3龄若虫体内YLS数量显著低于未处理水稻(对照),而150 U/m L处理与对照无显著差异;5龄若虫体内YLS数量随制霉菌素浓度的增加而显著降低,但600 U/m L与300 U/m L处理间差异不显著。褐飞虱于韧皮部吸食波出现次数在对照中显著多于制霉菌素处理,不同浓度间无明显差异;制霉菌素对褐飞虱的吸食时间影响不明显,但对其体内必需氨基酸含量影响较大,600 U/m L处理下均显著低于对照和其余处理,300 U/m L处理下除丙氨酸、脯氨酸、蛋氨酸和酪氨酸外均显著低于对照,150 U/m L处理下也均显著低于对照。表明制霉菌素能显著降低褐飞虱体内YLS数量和各种必需氨基酸含量,但对其吸食时间的影响不明显。  相似文献   

8.
实验室条件下,转cry1Ab/vip3H基因水稻G6H1对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens生长发育与繁殖的继代效应评价结果表明,不论是在苗期或是成株期,在各水稻品种上连续饲喂褐飞虱4代后,该虫各代的生长发育和繁殖参数都没有受到水稻品种的显著影响,即不论是在第1代、第2代还是第4代,取食G6H1与取食其非转基因亲本Xiushui 110相比,褐飞虱若虫的发育时间、成虫寿命和产卵量都没有显著差异。同时,2008年和2009年的田间调查结果表明,G6H1和Xiushui 110稻田间褐飞虱的若虫、成虫和成若虫总密度均无显著差异。  相似文献   

9.
实验室条件下,转crylAb／vip3H基因水稻G6H1对褐飞虱Nilaparvatalugens生长发育与繁殖的继代效应评价结果表明,不论是在苗期或是成株期,在各水稻品种上连续饲喂褐飞虱4代后,该虫各代的生长发育和繁殖参数都没有受到水稻品种的显著影响,即不论是在第1代、第2代还是第4代,取食G6Hl与取食其非转基因亲本Xiushui110相比,褐飞虱若虫的发育时间、成虫寿命和产卵量都没有显著差异。同时,2008年和2009年的田间调查结果表明,G6H1和Xiushui110稻田间褐飞虱的若虫、成虫和成若虫总密度均无显著差异。  相似文献   

10.
转基因作物对天敌昆虫的影响是转基因生态安全研究的一个重要内容。本文通过室内试验,研究了黑肩绿盲蝽兼性取食褐飞虱蜜露和稻株伤流液可能带来的潜在生态风险。结果表明,黑肩绿盲蝽取食褐飞虱蜜露,雌、雄成虫寿命分别为75.9和67.5 d,比蒸馏水对照组显著延长,雌成虫捕食褐飞虱卵的能力为23粒/日,比蒸馏水对照下降;取食稻株伤流液的雌成虫寿命(58.1 d)延长,捕食能力(24.9粒/日)下降;无论黑肩绿盲蝽取食褐飞虱蜜露或稻株伤流液,转基因水稻Bar68-1对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫寿命(雌67.6 d,雄61 d)和捕食能力(24.9粒/日)的影响,与非转基因亲本对照D68和非转基因感虫对照TN1的一致。研究表明,兼性取食转基因抗除草剂水稻Bar68-1稻株伤流液和褐飞虱蜜露,没有给稻田重要捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽增加新的生态风险。  相似文献   

11.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

12.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn.  相似文献   

14.
During a survey conducted from 1998 to 2002, Fusarium proliferatum was found associated with young and adult palms belonging to the genera Chamaerops, Phoenix, Trachycarpus and Washingtonia showing symptoms of wilt and dieback. The fertility and toxicological profile of 36 strains representing different locations and hosts were studied. All of them except two, which were infertile, belonged to mating population D. Both mating types (MATD-1 and MATD-2) were isolated from the same host species, showing a high potential of genetic recombination in the field. Additionally, eight strains were fertile once crossed as female. Toxin analysis showed differences in the ability of strains to produce fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid and fusaproliferin. Only 17 of them produced all the toxins analyzed. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on Phoenix dactylifera and P. canariensis using nine F. proliferatum Spanish strains and two reference strains from Saudi Arabia. Eight months after inoculation all strains caused disease, with palms showing lesions on the bases of leaves and development of wilt symptoms similar to those originally observed in affected plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. proliferatum on P. dactylifera in Spain and also the first report of this pathogen on C. humilis, P. canariensis, P. reclinata, T. fortunei, W. filifera and W. robusta.  相似文献   

15.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan (96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However, RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia. The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers AY450425 and AY450454  相似文献   

16.
Isolates of an unidentified Rhizoctonia sp. (UR isolates) were obtained from creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass with reddish brown sheath and foliar rots. Because the UR isolates anastomosed with isolates of three varieties of Waitea circinata (var. oryzae, var. zeae, and var. circinata), colony morphology, hyphal growth rate at different temperatures, pathogenicity, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were compared. The colony color of mature UR isolates was distinct from isolates of the other three varieties of W. circinata. In pathogenicity tests on creeping bentgrass, the severity of the disease caused by UR isolates was significantly higher than that caused by the three varieties of W. circinata. Sequence similarities of the rDNA-ITS region between UR isolates and between isolates within each variety were high (97–100%), but they were lower among isolates from UR and the varieties of W. circinata (88–94%). In a phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA-ITS sequences, UR isolates formed a cluster separate from each of the clusters formed by the three varieties of W. circinata. These results indicate that the UR isolates clearly differ from the three varieties of W. circinata. We therefore propose that the UR isolates be classified as new Rhizoctonia sp. that are closely related to W. circinata and that the disease on creeping bentgrass should be called Waitea reddish-brown patch disease (Sekikasshoku-hagusare-byo in Japanese).  相似文献   

17.
Corynebacterium fascians, which causes leafy gall, has been shown to be responsible for the unusual symptoms recently found in lilies. The symptoms are described and the different bacterial isolates compared by biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments. No evidence could be found for the existence of specialized strains even though considerable variation in virulence could be demonstrated. Although the role of variation in susceptibility of the different lily cultivars should not be underestimated, it would appear that high inoculum levels ofC. fascians in the soil may be largely responsible for these outbreaks.Also included in this study are the results of biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments ofC. fascians which has been isolated fromKalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaea, Hebe andVerbascum.Samenvatting Reeds een aantal jaren was in lelies een woekering in stengelbollen bekend, die echter sporadisch voorkwam en economisch van weinig betekenis was. Tijdens de zomer van 1977 echter trad de ziekte op één enkel perceel zo ernstig op dat zeer aanzienlijke oogstderving het gevolg was. Behalve de stengelbol kan ook de hoofdbol misvormd zijn. Bovendien kunnen misvormde stengelbollen lange spruiten vormen, zgn. sabeltandvorming. Soms is het wortelstelsel gereduceerd; in de kas zijn verdikte stengels waargenomen. De ziekte staat nu bekend onder de naam woekerziekte.Door de PD te Wageningen en het LBO te Lisse werd de bacterieCorynebacterium fascians (Tilford) Dows. uit het zieke materiaal geïsoleerd. In gezamenlijk onderzoek werd nagegaan of de bacterie de veroorzaker is van bovengenoemde symptomen en of hier sprake is van een op lelie gespecialiseerde stam.Biochemische en serologische vergelijkingen tussen isolaten vanC. fascians uit lelie,Kalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaeea, Hebe enVerbascum laten zien dat er zeer weinig verschillen bestaan. Alle isolaten reageren op een standaard antiserum met titers variërend tussen 1: 640–1: 5120.Een oriënterende inoculatieproef werd uitgevoerd op het LBO in 1977. Daarna werden op de PD 10 van de 25 isolaten uit lelie en 8 uit andere waardplanten getoetst op lelie, chrysant en lathyrus. Uit de inoculatieproeven blijkt, dat de bacterie de veroorzaker is van de waargenomen symptomen. Tussen de isolaten blijkt een groot verschil in pathogeniteit te bestaan (12–100% aantasting), zonder dat dit aan herkomst gebonden is. Het voorkomen van op lelie of andere waardplanten gespecialiseerde stammen is daarom niet aan te nemen.In hoeverre de hevige aantasting een gevolg is van een opbouw van de bacterie-populatie door een te nauwe vruchtwisseling en mechanische rooimethoden moet worden nagegaan.  相似文献   

18.
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae.  相似文献   

19.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

20.
浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。  相似文献   

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