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1.
弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病抗性评价与分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病田间发病规律及遗传特性,筛选抗霜霉病黄瓜品种,以15份黄瓜自交系为试材,在弱光条件下通过子叶接菌诱导寄主植株发病,同时结合田间发病率及病情指数调查进行复合抗性鉴定,进而筛选抗病组合,并对其分离世代进行抗性鉴定与遗传特征分析。结果表明,供试15份材料中共筛选出4个典型品系HB1、HB2、HB3和HB4,其病情指数分别是14.17、28.71、63.33和78.33,分别属于高抗、抗病、感病和高感病类型。这4个亲本的F1代及分离世代群体中霜霉病抗性与亲本抗性均存在正相关关系,抗性亲本的后代表现出较强的抗性;F2代群体病株分离现象比较明显,呈偏态分布,有明显的主基因+多基因存在特征,表明弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病受主基因+多基因控制,主基因效应值较大。经田间抗病性鉴定分析,初步筛选出组合HB12、HB13和HB21为抗霜霉病组合,可用于后续抗病品种的选育。 相似文献
2.
以对霜霉病不同抗性的葡萄品种左优红和霞多丽为材料,利用分子生物学和植物生理学试验手段,结合药理学试验,探讨葡萄在应答霜霉病过程中葡萄多磷酸肌醇激酶基因（VvIPK2）和H2O2的作用机制。接种霜霉病菌后15 h葡萄叶片VvIPK2表达量是正常水平的12倍,接种后3 hH2O2含量达最大值,同时苯丙氨酸解氨酶和几丁质酶活性升高;多磷酸肌醇激酶（IPK2）抑制剂、外源H2O2及H2O2清除剂均能改变霜霉病菌所引起的抗性葡萄品种左优红叶片PAL和几丁质酶活性的变化,同时可以影响不同抗性品种叶片的感病情况;IPK2抑制剂对葡萄霜霉病菌引起的H2O2水平变化没有影响;清除H2O2可减弱葡萄霜霉病菌对VvIPK2表达量的诱导效应。研究表明H2O2位于IPK2的上游,通过调控PAL和几丁质酶活性参与葡萄应答霜霉病过程。 相似文献
3.
以对霜霉病具有不同抗性的3个葡萄品种Fredonia、西拉和赤霞珠为材料,研究一氧化氮（NO）和过氧化氢（H2O2）在调控葡萄抵御霜霉病菌感染过程中的生理机制。结果表明：接种葡萄霜霉病菌后3个葡萄品种叶片中NO和H2O2含量均有猝发现象,H2O2猝发早于NO,抗性强的品种Fredonia的变化快而显著;外施一定浓度的NO供体硝普钠（SNP）和H2O2均可减缓霜霉病菌侵染过程,降低感病率和平均病情指数,并且能够不同程度地提高抗性弱的葡萄品种赤霞珠叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（Glu）和几丁质酶（Cht）活性,增强葡萄过敏性坏死反应;而NO和H2O2的清除剂2-4,4,5,5-苯-四甲基咪唑-1-氧-3-氧化物（cPTIO）和抗坏血酸（AsA）在一定程度上能够提高感病率和平均病情指数。推测NO和H2O2可以通过提高POD、PAL、Glu和Cht病程相关蛋白活性,进而增强葡萄对霜霉病的抗性。 相似文献
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葡萄品种对霜霉病抗性鉴定的生化指标研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
通过盆栽接种和田间自然发病鉴定,从22个供试葡萄品种中鉴定筛选到1个高抗霜霉病的品种超藤和8个中抗品种饭刚黑、信浓乐、弗雷无核、黑蜜、优选皮奥萘、高妻、京秀、峰后。相关性分析表明,22个供试葡萄品种接种前和接种后2d,PPO、PAL活性和CAT比活性与霜霉病病情指数呈极显著负相关,SOD活性与霜霉病病情指数相关不显著。PPO、PAL活性和CAT比活性与葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性呈极显著正相关,可利用这3种酶的活性作为葡萄品种霜霉病抗性鉴定的辅助评价指标。 相似文献
5.
小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抑制基因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦-簇毛麦6VS. 6AL 易位染色体含有抗白粉病基因Pm21,在我国的小麦育种中被广泛应用。近年来,一些含有Pm21 基因的小麦品种(系)开始感染白粉病。为探索含Pm21 的品种(系)感染白粉病的原因,本研究在6VS. 6AL 易位系与小麦品系(种)R14 和川农12 的杂交后代中利用分子标记CINAU17-1086 和CINAU18-723 辅助选择的遗传背景相对简单的F7 和F8 近等基因系为材料,研究了小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗病性表达。结果发现,在3 个含有6VS. 6AL 易位染色体的感病F6 植株繁殖的F7 近等基因系中发生了白粉病抗性的分离,分离比率符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的理论值。在随机选取的F7 感病小麦单株所繁殖的F8 近等基因系中,有7 / 13 的株系一致地重感白粉病,有6 / 13 的株系发生了抗白粉病的分离,其中2 / 13 的株系分离比符合3 感病︰ 1 抗病、4 / 13 的株系分离比符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的分离模式。这一结果指出,小麦株系中的抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗性表达受小麦基因组中的一对显性抑制基因所控制,该基因来源于小麦品种(系)川农12或R14,建议命名为SuPm21。本研究指出,在把外源基因引入小麦的研究中,有利的外源基因与不含抑制基因的受体遗传资源同等重要。 相似文献
6.
不同葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
葡萄霜霉病是葡萄生产上重要的病害之一,通过对辽宁省不同葡萄品种进行室内离体叶片接种和田间自然发病情况调查,以期为葡萄抗性品种的选育和葡萄霜霉病的防治提供科学依据。结果表明,在供试品种中,没有对霜霉病完全免疫的品种,室内离体叶片接种和田间调查结果基本一致,不同品种间霜霉病的抗性存在差异。供试的65个品种中,室内离体叶片接种评价高抗品种3个,抗病品种23个,感病品种24个,高感品种15个;田间自然发病调查评价高抗品种1个,抗病品种19个,感病品种35个,高感品种10个。欧美杂交品种(系)相对欧亚杂交品种(系)较抗病。 相似文献
7.
本研究测试了八个水稻白叶枯病抗性基因Xa3、Xa4、xa5、Xa7、Xa10、Xa11、Xa14和Xa23在相应载体品种上对华南白叶枯病优势致病菌系Ⅳ型菌和强毒菌系Ⅴ型菌的抗性反应;分析了Xa4、xa5、Xa7和Xa23抗病基因与不同感病品种杂交组合F_1的抗性表达模式以及显性抗病基因Xa7和Xa23在杂交水稻上的利用价值。结果表明:大部分抗性基因在不同载体品种上抗性表达一致,但也有少数基因在不同载体品种上抗性表现不一,甚至截然相反,说明不同遗传背景对抗性表达有影响,而这种影响因不同抗性基因而异。隐性抗病基因xa5(IRBB5)和显性抗病基因Xa23(CBB23)与感病亲本组合的F_1代分别表现感病和抗病,符合隐性基因或显性基因的抗性表达模式;而2个显性抗病基因Xa4(IRBB4))和Xa7(IRBB7)与感病亲本组合的F_1代,有部分组合的F_1代表现抗病,符合显性基因的抗性表达模式,有部分组合的F_1代表现感病,不符合显性基因的抗性表达模式。在杂交水稻上的利用价值方面,Xa7与2个不育系组合的F_1代均表现高感,不宜在杂交水稻上利用;Xa23(CBB23)与4个感病亲本,无论是不育系还是常规稻组合的4个F_1代全部表现抗病,抗性在F_1充分表达,在杂交水稻上有重要的利用价值。 相似文献
8.
以霜霉病抗性葡萄品种左优红和感病品种霞多丽为材料,研究硫化氢(H2S)在葡萄应答霜霉病过程中的作用及其与过氧化氢(H2O2)的相互关系。结果表明,接种霜霉病菌后,抗性品种左优红和感病品种霞多丽叶片均出现H2S含量的猝发、H2S合成酶基因表达量增加、抗病相关蛋白多酚氧化酶(PPO)和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(Glu)活性显著升高现象;且H2S清除剂次牛磺酸(HT)可以显著抑制霜霉病菌诱导的PPO和Glu活性升高,并导致葡萄的感病率和病情指数显著升高;同时外源H2S可降低两个葡萄品种的感病率和病情指数。说明,H2S是参与葡萄抗霜霉病过程的新的信号物质。受霜霉病菌侵染后,葡萄叶片H2O2含量猝发早于H2S,并且H2O2清除剂抗坏血酸(AsA)可显著抑制霜霉病菌所诱导的H2S含量的上升,而H2S清除剂HT对霜霉病菌诱导的H2O2含量变化影响不显著,推测,H2S作用于H2O2的下游参与葡萄抵御霜霉病过程。 相似文献
9.
用注射接种法测定9个转hrfl基因水稻品系对稻曲病的抗性,结果表明B12-2m、B12、HTRP2和NJH12转基因系对稻曲病的抗性有显著提高,其中NJHl2对稻曲病的抗性表现最突出.在江苏南京和安徽潜山两地的田问测定结果显示NJHl2对稻曲病的抗性表现明显,与对照相比防效提高65%以上.用RT-PCR测定抗病转基因系中防卫基因的表达,在抗病转基因系中,Osprla、Osprlb和PAL等防卫反应基因的表达明显增强.转hrfl基因水稻可能通过诱导防卫反应基因的表达提高水稻对稻曲病的抗性. 相似文献
10.
为明确云南特色葡萄产区葡萄霜霉病菌的群体遗传结构,本研究采用7对SSR分子标记对采自云南3个地区的155株葡萄霜霉病菌进行了群体遗传多样性研究,并分析了病原菌群体遗传结构与地域之间的关系。7对引物共检测出41个等位基因,114种基因型,病原菌群体的Shannon’s信息指数和Nei’s无偏基因多样性指数分别为0.942和0.600。分子方差分析和群体连锁不平衡分析显示,不同群体间存在相当大的遗传变异。遗传分化系数、基因流以及Structure分析表明,元谋群体与宾川、寻甸两群体之间均具有较高的基因交流,宾川和寻甸两群体间则存在一定的遗传分化。上述结果表明,云南葡萄霜霉病菌群体存在较高水平的遗传多样性,且群体遗传结构与地理距离之间存在一定相关性。 相似文献
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Camila Bitencourt Patricia M. O. Pierre Felipe A. M. F. Pinto Paulo C. P. Fermino-Junior Beatriz R. Gomes Andriele C. de Morais Jhennifer M. Dias Leocir J. Welter 《Plant pathology》2021,70(8):1897-1907
This work evaluates the formation of oospores of Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grape downy mildew (DM), in highland regions in southern Brazil. Leaves of susceptible and resistant grape genotypes naturally infected with the pathogen were collected in the autumn of 2017, 2018, and 2019 from vineyards located in the highlands of Santa Catarina state. Leaf tissues were evaluated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Oospores of P. viticola were identified in both susceptible and resistant host genotypes. They were concentrated in the central regions of the DM lesions, close to the leaf veins, and exhibited a rounded shape, yellowish colour, thick wall, and a diameter ranging from 16.28 to 49.15 µm. The formation of oospores is strong evidence that sexual reproduction is occurring in P. viticola in the climatic conditions of the highlands of southern Brazil. Sexual reproduction contributes to the maximization of genetic diversity via meiosis. Populations with high genetic variability are more likely to break resistance mechanisms conferred by resistance genes and to develop resistance to fungicides applied for disease control. To our knowledge, this is the first scientific study to prove the formation of P. viticola oospores in Brazil. The results presented provide a solid basis for further studies on sexual recombination in P. viticola. Genetic improvement programmes for grapevines, disease management methods, and disease prediction models need to consider the sexual reproduction of this pathogen, otherwise their effectiveness may be compromised. 相似文献
13.
Paula S. Coelho Luísa Valério António A. Monteiro 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(2):179-188
Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica (formerly Peronospora parasitica) is a worldwide foliar disease of Brassica vegetables, which may cause seedling loss in the nurseries and damage to adult
plants in the field. Disease symptoms start from the lower leaves and progress upwards. Three experiments were conducted under
controlled environment conditions, using inoculated leaf discs, to determine the influence of leaf position, plant age, and
leaf age on the expression of resistance to downy mildew in various Brassica oleracea genotypes. The upper leaves were more resistant than the lower leaves when 7–19 week-old plants of broccoli and Tronchuda
cabbage were tested. Broccoli lines ‘PCB21.32’ and ‘OL87123-2’ were fully susceptible at the cotyledon stage, showed a clear
resistance increase from lower to upper leaves at 6 weeks and ‘PCB21.32’ was fully resistant 16 weeks after sowing. Immature
leaves were more resistant than adjacent fully expanded mature leaves. Susceptibility increased with leaf age when the same
leaf was tested at two to 4-week intervals. Leaf age and upper-leaf position on the stem had opposite effects on disease score,
since younger leaves collected from lower positions and older leaves collected from upper positions tended to score similarly
in compatible interactions. The progression of downy mildew from the base of the plant upwards on B. oleracea in the field could be due to differences in leaf resistance in addition to environmental variation. To maximise the expression
of a compatible reaction in adult plants lower leaves of Brassica plants that are at least 12 weeks-old should be used. 相似文献
14.
枯草芽胞杆菌HMB-20428与化学杀菌剂互作对葡萄霜霉病菌抑制作用和替代部分化学药剂减量用药应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确生防菌剂枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis HMB-20428与化学杀菌剂互作对葡萄霜霉病菌Plasmopara viticola的抑制作用,采用生物测定与田间药效试验研究其最佳用药时期,筛选最佳生化互作组合,结合空间竞争能力和诱导抗病性生理测定试验了解互作增效机制,并建立葡萄霜霉病的综合防控技术。结果显示,枯草芽胞杆菌HMB-20428预防葡萄霜霉病最佳时期为发病前1个月,连续喷雾用药3~4次,间隔期10~15 d。研发出协同增效生化互作组合生防菌剂HMB-20428+嘧菌酯,及其与硅氧烷化合物增效组合,防效分别为91.06%~98.92%和87.78%~92.04%。枯草芽胞杆菌HMB-20428与嘧菌酯互作可增强枯草芽胞杆菌HMB-20428定殖能力和植株抗病作用,且定殖能力和抗病机制作用的增强时间基本一致。以生防菌剂HMB-20428替代部分化学药剂减量用药流程的防效为91.40%。表明枯草芽胞杆菌HMB-20428与嘧菌酯互作可达到减少化学药剂用量的目的。 相似文献
15.
A. Calonnec S. Wiedemann‐Merdinoglu L. Delière P. Cartolaro C. Schneider F. Delmotte 《Plant pathology》2013,62(3):533-544
This study was designed to assess the reliability of grapevine leaf bioassays for predicting disease resistance on fruit in the field. The efficacy of various grapevine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for conferring resistance to downy and powdery mildew was evaluated in bioassays and in a 2‐year field experiment for downy mildew. The resistance genes studied were inherited from Muscadinia rotundifolia (Rpv1 and Run1) and from American Vitis species through cv. Regent (QTLRgP and QTLRgD). In bioassays, genotypes carrying Run1 blocked powdery mildew development at early stages. Genotypes combining Run1 with QTLRgP displayed no greater level of resistance. For downy mildew, genotypes carrying Rpv1 and/or QTLRgD were more resistant than the susceptible cv. Merlot, and showed a high level of leaf resistance in the field (<10% severity). Disease levels on bunches were much higher than those on leaves, with a high variability between Rpv1 genotypes (1–48%). A Bayesian decision theory framework predicted that an OIV‐452 threshold of 5 in leaf bioassays allowed accurate selection of grapevine genotypes (P = 0·83) with satisfactory disease severity on bunches. Therefore, this study validates that the use of early bioassays on leaves, as currently performed by grapevine breeders, ensures a satisfactory level of resistance to downy mildew of bunches in the field. 相似文献
16.
Parwinder Kaur Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam Hua Li Martin John Barbetti 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(2):101-106
Studies were undertaken to determine any interaction of an asymptomatic isolate of Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew) with a virulent isolate of Albugo candida (white rust) and Brassica juncea. White rust symptoms appeared 4 days earlier and were significantly more severe when a variety of B.
juncea resistant to downy mildew but highly susceptible to white rust was first inoculated with A. candida followed 10 days later with H. parasitica. DNA extractions of tissues indicated H. parasitica had colonized the asymptomatic plants systemically. These are the first reports of (a) the systemic colonization by H. parasitica in a host resistant to downy mildew, and (b) the increase in susceptibility of a Brassica to white rust disease from asymptomatic colonization by H. parasitica. 相似文献