共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
土壤中硒分布不均匀,富硒土壤中硒含量可达1 200 mg/kg,硒含量过高对大多数植物均有毒害作用。小麦是我国重要的主要粮食作物,筛选硒耐性强的小麦品种有利于实现小麦在富硒地区更好的推广。本研究选择99份小麦品种(系)进行盆栽试验,在拔节期进行处理设置(硒处理每盆硒酸钠用量120 mg/L,记作Se120;以硒酸钠0 mg/L处理为对照,记作CK),比较不同品种(系)小麦硒处理下农艺性状的变化。结果表明:与CK相比,过量施硒后小麦籽粒千粒重显著提高(P0.01),株高、有效叶面积、单株叶片数和功能叶片数均显著下降(P0.01),SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量)则没有显著变化。以Se120和CK之间农艺性状的差异作为小麦的耐硒性指标,通过马氏距离综合评估不同小麦品种对硒的耐受性和敏感性差异,结合聚类分析,发现X325、淮麦18、扬麦15号、淮9440、扬麦11是典型的耐硒品种,而扬麦2号和Corrine是典型的硒敏感型品种。 相似文献
2.
外源硫化氢对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确干旱胁迫下外源硫化氢(H2S)对植物幼苗的缓解作用,以玉米自交系郑58为试验材料,研究了不同浓度(0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2及1.5 mmol·L-1)的H2S供体硫氢化钠(Na HS)对15%PEG模拟干旱胁迫下玉米种子萌发的影响,并以筛选到的最佳Na HS浓度对幼苗进行叶面喷施,研究其对幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)和活性氧(ROS)的积累特征及膜质过氧化水平的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的Na HS处理在一定程度上提高了干旱胁迫下玉米种子的发芽势、发芽率及幼苗的生物量,其中以0.6 mmol·L-1的Na HS处理效果最佳。叶面喷施0.6 mmol·L-1Na HS溶液显著增强了叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,提高了叶片中抗坏血酸(As A)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。同时,外源H2S处理增强了玉米叶片中△1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)的活性,提高了叶片中游离Pro含量,显著降低了叶片中过氧化氢(H2O2)及丙二醛(MDA)含量。综上,外源H2S处理通过提高幼苗的抗氧化水平,减少干旱胁迫对玉米叶片造成的氧化损伤,在一定程度上提高了玉米幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应能力。本研究为进一步探索H2S缓解玉米干旱胁迫的机理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
3.
为探讨叶面硒肥对生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)镉胁迫的改善作用,通过盆栽试验,设置2个镉污染浓度(1 mg/kg,Cd1;3 mg/kg,Cd3)和3个叶面硒肥浓度(0 mg/L,Se0;1 mg/L,Se1;3 mg/L,Se3),研究了不同浓度叶面硒肥对生菜镉积累的影响。结果表明:①叶面硒肥的喷施可不同程度降低生菜对镉的吸收积累,较之Cd1+Se0处理,Cd1+Se1处理可显著降低生菜叶镉含量,降幅为26.29%;较之Cd3+Se0处理,Cd3+Se3处理下生菜叶镉含量显著降低49.05%。②喷施适宜浓度的叶面硒肥可不同程度提升生菜过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,Cd1+Se1处理下,生菜的CAT、SOD活性分别显著高于Cd1+Se0处理40.38%、68.71%,而MDA含量则显著降低44.48%;Cd3+Se3处理下,生菜的CAT、SOD活性较Cd3+Se0处理分别显著提升77.48%、51.70%,而MDA含量则显著降低48.90%。因此,喷施适量的叶面硒肥可明显提升生菜抗逆特性,进而有效阻控生菜对镉的吸收,其中土壤镉含量为1 mg/kg(Cd1)时,叶面硒肥喷施浓度以 1 mg/L效果最佳,土壤镉含量为3 mg/kg(Cd3)时,叶面硒肥喷施浓度以 3 mg/L效果为最优。 相似文献
4.
用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度外源硒（四价和六价）处理土壤对小麦生长和生理代谢的影响,旨在为富硒小麦的种植和开发提供理论依据。结果表明：外源硒抑制了苗期小麦的生长（株高和生物量）;而在生长后期,随外源硒浓度增加表现为先促进后抑制作用。Se（Ⅳ）和Se（Ⅵ）处理对小麦生物量影响的EC10分别从苗期的1.40mg·kg-1和0.28mg·kg-1增加到收获期的28.48mg·kg-1和4.56mg·kg-1,表明小麦对硒的耐受浓度随生长时间的延长逐渐增大。Se（Ⅵ）低浓度（≤1mg·kg-1）对小麦生长的促进作用及高浓度（≥2.5mg·kg-1）对小麦生长的抑制作用均大于Se（Ⅳ）。小麦籽粒产量随外源Se（Ⅳ）和Se（Ⅵ）浓度的增大先升高而后降低,分别在2.5mg·kg-1和1mg·kg-1浓度处理时达到最大。低浓度硒处理（Se（Ⅳ）≤5mg·kg-1和Se（Ⅵ）≤0.5mg·kg-1）能促进拔节期小麦叶片中GSH和POD等抗氧化酶活性,显著降低叶片过氧化物质MDA（Se≤2.5mg·kg-1）含量,高浓度硒处理则与之相反。 相似文献
5.
施纳米硒对小麦籽粒硒含量及其品质性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
6.
为探究薄壳山核桃幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应能力,本试验以一年生薄壳山核桃幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置正常供水(CK)、轻度干旱胁迫(LD)、中度干旱胁迫(MD)和重度干旱胁迫(SD)4种水分处理梯度,测定相关生理生化指标并分析叶片超微结构。结果表明,在干旱胁迫50 d时,随着干旱程度加剧,叶绿素a含量呈下降趋势,CK的叶绿素a含量分别是LD和MD的1.22和1.35倍;MD叶片气孔大量闭合,关闭密度达236 个·mm-2;LD和MD的净光合速率(Pn)较CK分别下降了17.16%和58.42%。此外,渗透调节物质含量在干旱胁迫下显著提高,其中LD和MD的可溶性蛋白含量较CK分别增加了141.68%和204.17%。在干旱胁迫50 d时,MD幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性达到峰值,为367.93 U·mg-1prot,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性较干旱胁迫20 d出现下降。各水分梯度处理下,LD幼苗长势最好;MD叶片叶绿体结构破坏严重,基粒片层模糊不清;SD幼苗死亡,故为满足幼苗生长需要,应保证种植地土壤含水量达到田间持水量的35%以上。本研究结果为薄壳山核桃栽种区域的选择以及进一步扩大薄壳山核桃栽种面积提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
叶面喷施锌硒肥对谷子抗氧化酶活性及籽粒锌硒含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
8.
硒能够缓解镉胁迫对植物产生的毒害。为探明硒(Se)和镉(Cd)交互作用对植物的影响,本研究以西葫芦为材料,采用沙培的方式,研究了不同浓度Se(0.5、2.0和4.0 mg·L-1)与Cd(0.2、0.4和0.6 mg·kg-1)交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,单一Cd胁迫下,随着Cd浓度的增加,其对西葫芦幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶活性具有一定的促进作用。Se与Cd交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响与Se和Cd的浓度有关。不同浓度Se与低中浓度Cd(0.2和0.4 mg·kg-1)交互作用可使Cd胁迫下西葫芦幼苗苗高、鲜重和干重显著增加,与高浓度Cd(0.6 mg·kg-1)交互作用却抑制了西葫芦幼苗的生长。与单一Cd胁迫相比,不同浓度Se与0.2 mg·kg-1Cd交互作用可显著提高西葫芦幼苗SOD和POD活性,不同浓度Se与0.4和0.6 mg·kg-1Cd交互作用抑制了西葫芦幼苗SOD和POD活性,且Cd浓度越高,差异越明显。在高浓度(0.6 mg·kg-1)Cd胁迫下,Se浓度越高,2种元素的交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性产生的抑制作用越大。Cd胁迫下,外源Se可以降低西葫芦幼苗Cd含量,同时提高Se含量。较低浓度的Se能够有效缓解Cd对西葫芦幼苗造成的毒害作用,综合来看,2.0 mg·L-1Se与Cd的交互作用对西葫芦幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶活性的促进作用最强。本研究表明施加外源Se缓解Cd胁迫对植物的毒害时,应同时考虑Cd的污染程度和施加Se的量,为Cd污染治理提供了一定的参考依据。 相似文献
9.
表油菜素内酯对汞胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨表油菜素内酯(EBR)对小麦幼苗汞胁迫的调控作用,采用营养液水培法,研究汞胁迫下叶面喷施24-表油菜素内酯对小麦幼苗生长、叶片MDA及H2O2含量、质膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质含量的影响。结果表明,50 mg·L-1汞处理小麦幼苗后,小麦幼苗的株高和干重显著降低,叶片的MDA、H2O2含量和质膜透性增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性下降,As A、GSH含量降低。与单独汞胁迫相比,叶面喷施一定浓度EBR促进了小麦幼苗的生长,降低了小麦幼苗叶片的MDA和H2O2含量,减小了质膜透性,提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性,增加了抗氧化物质As A、GSH含量,提高了As A/DHA、GSH/GSSG的比值,以EBR浓度0.01 mg·L-1为宜。综上,外源EBR可缓解汞胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,其机制可能与EBR能提高抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物质含量、降低MDA和H2O2含量有关。本研究结果为降低汞污染土壤对作物生长的毒害作用提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
以冬小麦‘小堰22号’为试验材料,研究了CO2激光与外源一氧化氮(NO)复合作用对低温胁迫(4℃)下小麦幼苗自由基双氧水(H2O2)、超氧阴离子(O2?)浓度,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性,一氧化氮(NO)及蛋白质含量,及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与单独低温胁迫相比,外源NO处理后低温胁迫和CO2激光处理后低温胁迫都显著降低了H2O2和O2?浓度,提高了SOD、CAT、POD、APX、NOS活性,NO和蛋白质含量,促进幼苗生长发育。外源NO处理后再进行CO2激光辐射,虽然可以降低低温胁迫下幼苗H2O2和O2?浓度,提高SOD、CAT、POD、APX、NOS活性及NO和蛋白质浓度,促进幼苗生长发育,但其保护效应明显低于外源NO处理后低温胁迫和CO2激光处理后低温胁迫的效果。上述结果说明,NO对低温胁迫的防护效应优于NO和CO2激光复合处理。因此,建议在农业生产中单独采用NO处理或者CO2激光处理,可以促进农作物对低温胁迫的抗性。 相似文献
11.
Chang‐Quan Wang 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(2):276-282
This study was designed to examine whether external selenium (Se) may improve the tolerance of Trifolium repens L. to polyethylene glycol (PEG)–induced water deficit, and to determine the physiological mechanisms of the possibly enhanced tolerance. Trifolium repens seedlings were subjected to PEG‐induced water deficit alone or combined with 5 μM Na2SeO4 for 24, 48, and 72 h. During the experimental period, the fresh weight (FW) of T. repens seedlings and the relative water content (RWC) of the leaves decreased gradually, and the chlorophyll concentration increased after 24 and 48 h, but decreased after 72 h. The PEG+Se‐treated plants had higher FW, RWC, and chlorophyll concentration than the PEG‐treated plants. Smaller amounts of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 accumulated in PEG+Se‐treated plants than in plants treated only with PEG. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased gradually during the water‐deficit period, and Se application promoted SOD activity further. Catalase (CAT) activity remained unchanged after 24 and 48 h and insignificantly increased after 72 h of water deficit, whereas ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity increased linearly and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased slightly over the course of treatment. Whereas the Se application exhibited no effect on the CAT activity, seedlings treated with PEG+Se had higher APOX activity during the whole experimental period and a higher GR activity after 48 and 72 h than PEG‐treated plants. These results suggest that exogenous Se treatment enhanced T. repens tolerance to PEG‐induced water deficit, and this enhancement was related to alleviation of lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, APOX, and GR. 相似文献
12.
The present experiment comprised seven wheat cultivars, two drought levels (0 and 17% PEG-8000) and four replicates. The seeds of six wheat cultivars (Al-lugaimi, Bonus, Kronos, Yecora-rojo, Irena and Sama) were supplied by the King Saud University, Riyaz, Saudi Arabia, whereas S-24 was obtained from the Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The seeds were allowed to germinate and grow for 20 days in medium having full-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution or Hoagland's solution with 17% PEG-8000. For the appraisal of drought tolerance, various physiological traits such as gas-exchange attributes (A, E, Ci, gs , and A/E), leaf water relations (ψw, ψs and ψp) and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) were determined. On the basis of biomass and gas-exchange attributes (A, E, and gs ), cultivars Al-lugaimi and Sama were found to be drought tolerant, cultivars Yecora-rojo and Irena moderately drought tolerant, and cultivars S-24, Bonus and Kronos drought sensitive. However, plant osmotic adjustment and the activities of potential antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) were not found to be associated with drought tolerance of the different wheat cultivars. 相似文献
13.
6-BA对小麦幼苗抗旱性的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
水分胁迫降低小麦幼苗的光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶水势,抑制ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶、超氧物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性,增加气孔阻力和丙二醛含量,并促进过氧化物酶活性。叶面喷施１０-5ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的６-ＢＡ可以阻止水分胁迫条件下小麦幼苗光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶水势的下降,提高上述四种酶活性,降低气孔阻力和丙二醛含量,从而减轻了水分胁迫下活性氧对膜的伤害,利于小麦幼苗抵御干旱的危害。６-ＢＡ的作用可能通过调节内源激素水平而实现 相似文献
14.
为探明不同抗旱性小麦品种的耗水特征、根系生理特性及产量对开花期干旱的响应，以抗旱性强品种"新春6号"（XC 6）和抗旱性弱品种"新春22号"（XC 22）为试材，在土柱栽培和大田条件下设置常规灌溉（CK）、开花期轻度干旱（T1）和中度干旱（T2）处理，研究干旱胁迫对滴灌麦田耗水特征、不同土层根系生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明：开花期干旱后2个小麦品种全生育期耗水量和耗水强度均表现为CK>T1>T2，拔节—孕穗期耗水模系数最大。T1处理复水后伤流液、根系活力、根系水力学导度（Lpr）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及可溶性蛋白（SP）含量显著提高，进而促进地上部质量和千粒重增加，提高产量和水分利用效率。与XC 22相比，XC 6伤流液、Lpr、根系活力、SOD、POD、SP含量、地上部质量以及产量均显著增加，T1处理下XC 6的伤流液、Lpr较XC 22高5.4%~25.1%，2.2%~15.7%；0—20，20—40，40—60 cm土层SOD （6.9%~20.0%，2.6%~24.7%和3.6%~31.1%）、POD （4.1%~19.1%，3.9%~25.2%和3.7%~21.6%）、CAT （7.8%~15.2%，8.3%~13.3%和10.8%~13.3%）活性及SP （4.5%~20.4%，0.8%~29.4%和1.3%~7.9%）含量显著高于XC 22。根质量、地上部质量和产量与耗水量呈二次抛物线关系，与伤流液、Lpr、MDA和CAT活性呈显著正相关。水分处理与品种互作对Lpr、POD、CAT活性及SP含量影响显著。因此，抗旱性强品种开花期轻度干旱可降低耗水量，提高根系SP含量及抗氧化酶活性，增强根系活力，促进地上部质量提高，有利于提高产量和水分利用效率。 相似文献
15.
甜菜碱对干旱胁迫下棉花幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以新疆广泛种植的棉花品种新陆早18号为试材,通过测定棉花幼苗体内脯氨酸、可溶性糖和丙二醛（MDA）的含量及抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性,研究叶面喷施不同浓度甜菜碱（Glycine betaine,GB）对干旱胁迫下棉花幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,与对照相比,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、MDA含量及SOD和POD活性都显著提高,喷施甜菜碱后促进脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量进一步提高,酶活也显著升高,同时有效抑制了丙二醛含量的增加,CAT活性受干旱胁迫及甜菜碱的影响较小。研究表明喷施低浓度甜菜碱在一定程度上可以缓解干旱胁迫对棉花幼苗的伤害。 相似文献
16.
Since studies on the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation in water-stressed plants have mainly focused on cereal crops, the specific reports regarding Se-mediated adaptation to drought stress in medicinal vegetables are scant. Thus, we investigated the responses of Melissa officinalis to Se supplementation. Selenium contents were increased in leaves and grains by supplemental Se. Selenium foliar application at 1 mg l?1 could be useful to increase the vegetative and reproductive growth of Se-enriched plants under well-watered conditions but at 20 mg l?1 led to toxicity and caused damage to shoots. Drought stress significantly inhibited plant growth by chlorophyll degradation and reduced net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation rate. Although Se at 1 mg l?1 could increase biomass production under well-watered conditions in addition to the stimulation of antioxidant system under water stress, it could not ameliorate the negative effect of drought on productivity. 相似文献
17.
《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(6):739-747
Crop productivity in future may be limited due to water scarcity. However, foliar spray of plant growth promoters may boost crop production even in adverse environments. In the present study, foliar application of one natural (moringa leaf extract, 3% MLE) and four synthetic (Polydol, Multisol, Classic, and Asahi Star) were applied at tillering, jointing, booting, and heading growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during severe, moderate, and light drought and well‐watered condition. No spray and water spray were taken as controls. Results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as total dry matter production, mean crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, and duration due to drought employed at various phenophases of wheat. However, improvement in these parameters was observed after foliar application of growth promoters, whereas interactive effects between factors were found non‐significant. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were more accelerated under drought treatments from exogenously supplied growth promoters. Foliar application of promoters significantly alleviated drought‐induced reduction of yield and related traits. Grain weight (15%) and grain yield (27%) were improved due to exogenously applied MLE under moderate drought stress treatments relative to controls. Furthermore, 16% higher grain yield and 17% saving of irrigation water over fully irrigated and without promoter treatment (farmers' practice) was recorded from foliar‐applied MLE under skipped irrigation at jointing. In conclusion, foliar‐applied MLE may ameliorate drought‐induced deleterious effects by enhancing antioxidant activities under drought stress. 相似文献
18.
为探究干旱胁迫下H2S对板栗幼苗根系特性的影响,以黄棚板栗幼苗为试验材料,通过PEG模拟干旱并进行H2S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)和清除剂次牛磺酸(HT)处理,分析板栗幼苗根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)、H2O2等抗氧化物质含量,检测苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)等呼吸代谢相关酶活性。结果表明,0.5 mmol·L-1 NaHS+15% PEG协同处理24 h后,与15% PEG处理相比,根系SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性分别提高19.64%、24.67%、56.91%、16.29%,根系脯氨酸含量增加15.25%,根系MDA和H2O2含量分别降低26.52%和20.86%,MDH、PFK和G-6-PDH活性分别提高27.28%、23.14%和15.36%;而添加H2S清除剂HT则逆转了上述变化,说明适宜浓度的NaHS能够减轻干旱胁迫对板栗根系膜脂过氧化伤害和对呼吸代谢的抑制,从而有利于提高板栗幼苗对干旱逆境的适应能力。本研究结果为进一步探索H2S缓解板栗树干旱胁迫的机理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
19.
Priming offers an effective means for counteracting different stresses induced oxidative injury and raising seed performance in many crop species. The present study was carried out to investigate the ability of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and urea to promote the tolerance of different maize hybrids to drought and salt stresses to identify some biochemical parameters associated with KNO3 and urea induced resistance in maize seedlings. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environment of the laboratory at the college of agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz Iran, during 2010. The first factor was stress type and intensity at five levels; moderate drought, severe drought, moderate salt, severe salt, and control (without stress). Seed priming was the second factor; water as control, KNO3, and urea, and maize hybrids, including Maxima, SC704, Zola, and 304 were the third factor. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll a (Ch a), chlorophyll b (Ch b), total chlorophyll (Ch T) contents, and carotenoids (Car) were found in no stress treatments and the most proline, protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities in severe drought treatment. Also, results revealed that generally, drought and salinity stresses decreased the amount of Ch a and the lowest Ch a was recorded for severe salinity stress (4.29 mg g?1). Stresses caused decrease in Ch b, but the effect of sever salinity level was higher than the others. Priming of KNO3 had significantly higher proline content than water and urea priming. The SC704 and 304 hybrids showed higher proline content than the other ones. Finally, the maize seed KNO3 and urea priming lead to high activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes and increase the tolerance level to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought. 相似文献