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1.
In a previous paper we have proposed a new concept of a model for the prediction of feed intake by Holstein Friesian dairy cows (Zom et al., 2011). This model predicts feed intake from feed composition and digestibility and the cow's lactation number, stage of lactation and pregnancy. Contrary to many other often used models, this does not include animal performance (milk yield, bodyweight) to predict feed intake. However, BW and MY are highly correlated with DMI. Therefore, the objective of present study was to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the novel feed intake model and to compare its accuracy and robustness with four other commonly used models for the prediction of feed intake.An evaluation was performed using an independent dataset containing 8974 weekly means of DMI from 348 individual cows observed in 6 feeding experiments including a wide range of diets and management practices was used in this study. Sub-datasets were formed by combining the DMI data by experiment, lactation number, lactation week, and maize silage to grass silage ratios in order to compare the accuracy of the intake models for different feeding practices and groups of cows using mean square prediction error (MSPE) and relative prediction error (RPE) as criteria.The novel model was most accurate as indicated by the MSPEs and RPEs for the whole dataset and the most of the sub-datasets. The results prove that the model of Zom et al. (2011) is able to predict DMI without the use of milk yield or body weight as inputs. It was concluded that novel model was robust and can be applied to various diets and feeding management situations in lactating HF cows. 相似文献
2.
An experiment was conducted to analyze feed, climate and animal factors affecting dry matter intake (DMI) in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein cows, with parity from 1 to 6, were assigned to a feeding trial for 2 years, comprising 31 lactations. The animals were fed Italian ryegrass silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay, beet pulp and three types of concentrate. The data, pooled and classified by stage of lactation, season of lactation and parity were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression to determine the nature and extent of factors affecting DMI. A total of 45 prediction equations for DMI were derived. Energy‐corrected milk yield or milk yield was selected as the primary factor of DMI in all the equations in which the ratio of contribution (R2) varied from 0.26 to 0.67. The dietary concentration of organic cell wall, crude fiber, crude protein, organic b fraction, forage to concentrate ratio, average ambient temperature and temperature–humidity index were selected as the secondary factors affecting DMI for pooled data, late lactation (251–350 days of lactation), summer (June–August), spring (March–May), ≥4th lactation, autumn (September–November) and 3rd lactation, respectively, and improved R2 up to 0.77. Except for an impact of bodyweight in several equations, feed and climatic factors significantly improved prediction equations effectively for data classified in different ways. To estimate DMI accurately in lactating dairy cows, feed and climatic factors should be considered for specific conditions. 相似文献
3.
Kenji HOSODA Hiroki MATSUYAMA Woong-Yeoul PARK Takehiro NISHIDA Motohiko ISHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(5):503-509
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of peppermint feeding on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production in early lactating cows. Four Holstein cows were offered a diet with 5% dried peppermint and four Holstein cows remained on a diet without 5% of dried peppermint on a dry matter basis. The addition of peppermint to feed did not affect dry matter intake, although the eating time of feed was increased by mixing the feed with peppermint. There were no significant differences in the nutrient digestibilities between the two treatments. The ruminal ammonia and volatile fatty acids concentrations were similar in the two treatments, however, peppermint ingestion by cows led to a decrease in ruminal pH. The lowered pH value was within the stable pH condition range. No significant differences in the treatments were observed in milk production or milk composition except for the milk fat content. These results suggest that feeding peppermint to early lactating cows had little effect on their dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production. 相似文献
4.
酵母蛋白饲喂泌乳奶牛试验报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验通过在荷斯坦泌乳牛日粮中添加酵母蛋白部分替代豆粕,研究其对泌乳牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分及身体健康情况的影响,选取400头胎次、产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛分为对照组和试验组各200头,试验组每头牛每天饲喂500g酵母蛋白,通过60d的试验,结果表明试验组和对照组奶牛平均日产奶量差异不显著（P〉0.05）,分别为32.54kg/d与32.34kg/d。在产奶量不变的基础上,试验组平均干物质采食量降低1.7kg（DM）/d,产奶效率提高,与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
5.
S. J. Krizsan A. Höjer A. Huuskonen M. Hetta P. Huhtanen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):110-122
AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the feed intake models in the Nordic feed evaluation system NorFor. Data from 196 feeding experiments with dairy cows, and 17 experiments of periodical data, and 135 experiments of complete data with growing cattle were used in the evaluation by mixed model regression. The feed intake by both dairy cows and growing cattle were overestimated by the models. A linear bias indicated that over prediction increased with level of intake both by dairy cows and growing cattle. Most animal and diet factors were significantly related to the residuals, which indicated that those factors did not act independently in the predictions of feed intake. This kind of errors can restrict future ration formulation and animal performance, since animal production parameters included in the prediction models will be a consequence of the diet fed at the time they were measured. 相似文献
6.
非粮型饲料资源在畜牧养殖行业的高效利用对缓解我国的粮食保障问题具有重要的实践意义。[目的]为了进一步探究非粮型饲料资源的营养价值,提高其在畜牧养殖行业的利用率。[方法]本文探讨利用复合益生菌对啤酒渣、棉籽、柠檬渣、花生秧等非粮型饲料进行发酵,检测其在发酵前后的营养成分变化,并以其中一种非粮型发酵饲料对140头荷斯坦奶牛进行30 d的饲喂试验。[结果]结果表明,发酵后的非粮型饲料粗蛋白提高了3.24%,泌乳净能提高了6.43%。奶牛的饲喂试验结果表明,饲喂非粮型发酵饲料时奶牛的干物质采食量平均提高了6.40%,产奶量平均提高了13.10%(P<0.05)。[结论]因此,非粮型发酵饲料可作为一种价格优廉、营养丰富的新型饲料资源应用于奶牛等反刍动物的畜牧养殖。 相似文献
7.
TMR中不同长度的苜蓿干草对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验旨在研究泌乳奶牛TMR中添加不同长度的苜蓿干草对奶牛采食及产奶性能的影响。采用3个3×3拉丁方试验研究了TMR中苜蓿干草长度分别为1、3、5 cm时对3头头胎及6头经产泌乳奶牛的采食及产奶性能的影响。结果表明:TMR中的苜蓿干草长度变化对奶牛的DM采食量无显著影响(P0.05);当苜蓿干草长度从1 cm增加到3 cm和5 cm时,奶牛的NDF、ADF及peNDF摄入量均显著增加(P0.05);3 cm和5 cm长度的苜蓿干草较1 cm的能显著提高奶牛4%FCM产奶量、产奶效率及乳脂率(P0.05)。结果提示,泌乳奶牛TMR中苜蓿干草以较长的5 cm为宜;较长的苜蓿干草不影响奶牛的干物质采食量,能增加其有效纤维的摄入量,提高其4%FCM产奶量、产奶效率及乳脂率。 相似文献
8.
Saulo Alberto do Carmo Araújo Guilherme Pires Bicalho Norberto da Silva Rocha Cláudia Braga Pereira Bento Marluci Olício Ortêncio 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):143-148
We studied the feed intake and milk production of Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows fed sorghum silage diets and concentrates, with and without the addition of crambe meal. Using a change-over design for a total of 120 days, eight cows were fed two diets (concentrates + silages with and without crambe meal) in four 30-day periods, with four replications (animals). The crambe meal diet increased (P < 0.05) the dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein intake (CPI), and non-fibrous carbohydrates intake (NFCI) as well as milk production (4.3%). No difference was noted (P > 0.05) for the milk composition between the treatments. Crambe meal as an additive in sorghum silage (100 g/kg in natural matter) showed a great potential for introduction in dairy farming as it substantially increases CP intake, does not reduce food intake, raises animal productivity, and does not affect milk composition. 相似文献
9.
In a comparison of Holstein Friesian (HF) from North America with Dutch Red and Whites (DRW) and Dutch Friesians (DF), the feed intake of 20 animals per breed was measured at different stages of lactation and at different ages. In the experiments with dairy cows, the animals were offered concentrates individually according to their milk yield. In all experiments roughage (silage or hay) was offered ad libitum.In all experiments the DRW animals ate less roughage than the HF and DF animals, although they ate the lowest amount of concentrates in nearly all experiments, due to their lower milk yield. The HF animals were offered more concentrates than the DF animals, but ate the same amount of roughage. 相似文献
10.
Effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium excretion by Holstein cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hideki KOJIMA Shin-ichi KUME Kazuhisa NONAKA Tomoko OSHITA Takaharu KOZAKAI Hiroyuki HIROOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):139-145
Thirty‐four Holstein dry cows and 16 lactating cows were used in balance trials to identify the effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) excretion by dairy cows, and to develop prediction models for these excreta. Orchard grass silage, corn silage, alfalfa silage or timothy hay were offered to dry cows. Orchard grass silage or alfalfa silage, and concentrates were offered to lactating cows. In the statistical analysis, the independent variables were bodyweight (kg), dry matter (DM) intake (kg/day), milk yield (for lactating cows only, kg/day), water intake (free water plus water in feed, kg/day), intake (g/day) of N, P and K and dietary contents (% of DM) of crude protein, P and K. The dependent variables were N, P and K excretion (g/day) in feces and urine. In both dry and lactating cows, intake of N, P and K had large effects on corresponding excretion. The results indicated that a decrease in the intake of N, P and K could decrease the corresponding excretion. Further research by path analysis showed that K intake positively affected urinary N excretion in dry cows indirectly, through water intake and urine volume. 相似文献
11.
选取沧州奶牛养殖小区体重、产奶量、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为4组,对照组日粮组成为秸秆加精料,试验组添加不同水平苜蓿干草,分析对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验组与对照组干物质采食量差异显著（P＜0.05）,试验组产奶量显著提高,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;乳脂率有所降低,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;乳蛋白、非脂乳固形物极显著提高（P＜0.01）;体细胞数显著下降（P＜0.05）。添加苜蓿使牛奶品质得到明显改善。经济效益分析结果表明,日粮中添加苜蓿能显著提高奶牛养殖业的整体效益。 相似文献
12.
Randal Bagg Gordon H. Vessie C. Paul Dick Todd Duffield Jeff B. Wilson Jeff J. Aramini 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(3):180-185
Milk residues and performance were evaluated in lactating cows that were fed up to 10 times the recommended dose of monensin. Following an acclimatization period of 14 d, during which cows were fed a standard lactating cow total mixed ration containing 24 ppm monensin, 18 lactating Holstein dairy cows were grouped according to the level of feed intake and then randomly assigned within each group to 1 of 3 challenge rations delivering 72, 144, and 240 ppm monensin. Outcome measurements included individual cow daily feed intakes, daily milk production, body weights, and monensin residues in composite milk samples from each cow. There were no detectable monensin residues (< 0.005 microg/mL) in any of the milk samples collected. Lactating cows receiving a dose of 72 ppm monensin exhibited up to a 20% reduction in dry matter intake, and a 5% to 15% drop in milk production from the pre-challenge period. Cows receiving doses of 144 and 240 ppm monensin exhibited rapid decreases in feed intake of up to 50% by the 2nd d and milk production losses of up to 20% and 30%, respectively, within 4 d. Lactating cows receiving up to 4865 mg monensin per day had no detectable monensin residues (< 0.005 microg/mL) in any of the milk samples collected. Results of this study confirm that food products derived from lactating dairy cattle receiving monensin at recommended levels are safe for human consumption. 相似文献
13.
产奶量差是奶牛个体同一胎次前后2个泌乳月产奶量的差值,可准确反映产奶量变化情况。为探究影响荷斯坦牛产奶量差的因素,本研究收集整理了江苏省某大型奶牛场2015-2018年55 193头次荷斯坦牛生产性能测定记录,并利用最小二乘法分析胎次、测定年度、产犊季节、泌乳月4个因素对荷斯坦牛产奶量差的影响。结果显示:胎次、测定年度、产犊季节、泌乳月及其交互作用对产奶量和产奶量差均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其中,不同胎次、测定年度和产犊季节的荷斯坦牛总产奶量在第2个泌乳月增加最快,产奶量差为8.79kg;头胎第6泌乳月、二胎第7泌乳月和三胎及以上第6泌乳月产奶量下降最大,产奶量差分别为-2.86kg、-4.59kg和-6.13kg;2015-2018年4个测定年度中,第10、第6、第7、第6泌乳月产奶量降低最大,产奶量差分别为-2.26kg、-4.98kg、-4.44kg和-3.56kg;春季产犊的荷斯坦牛第4泌乳月、夏季产犊的荷斯坦牛第12泌乳月、秋季产犊的荷斯坦牛第9泌乳月、冬季产犊的荷斯坦牛第6或第7泌乳月产奶量下降最大,产奶量差分别是-4.34kg、-4.71kg、-5.36kg和-5.40kg。此外,产奶量差与泌乳持续力呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与产犊间隔呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与泌乳天数、高峰奶、乳脂率、蛋白率、305d产奶量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。因此,产奶量差作为衡量奶牛产奶量变化的指标之一,可为牧场进行科学饲养管理提供参考。 相似文献
14.
本试验旨在研究不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、抗氧化性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取45头产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组15头。对照组饲喂不添加硒的基础饲粮,无机硒(SS)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠,有机硒(SO)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒羟基类似物。试验期91 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期84 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加硒对奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量及乳成分没有显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,SO组血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),但SS组以上指标与对照组没有显著差异(P0.05)。3)各组中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,SO组有机物、粗蛋白质及粗脂肪的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);SS组有机物和粗蛋白质的表观消化率提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能没有影响,但与对照组相比,硒添加组的抗氧化性能和营养物质的表观消化率提高,而且SO组的效果明显优于SS组。 相似文献
15.
Feed intake, lactation performance, blood metabolites and fertility in early lactation dairy cows grazing a timothy pasture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tsutomu OHGI Satoshi HARA Tadao OZEKI Mamiko FUJITA Osamu SAKAI Hirotaka KASHUYA Akira DOUKOSHI Kazuyuki NISHIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(2):215-222
The present study was conducted to investigate feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites and fertility in early lactation dairy cows grazing a timothy pasture. Fourteen multiparous Holstein cows that calved between 20 May and 19 July were used over a 3‐year period. The stocking rate was 3.6–4.3 cow/ha. Concentrates were fed separately at 9.5–11.5 kg/day per cow (dry matter basis) from 1 to 13 weeks postparturition. Herbage intake was estimated using chromium oxide as an indigestible marker. The mean contents of crude protein, total digestible nutrients and neutral detergent fiber of pasture during the 3‐year study period were 22.3%, 71.8% and 51.7%, and those of total diet were 18.9%, 77.3% and 40.3%, respectively. The mean herbage dry matter intake was 13.0 kg/day from 2 to 13 weeks postparturition during the study, total dry matter intake was 23.7 kg/day, the total digestible nutrients sufficiency rate was 105%, milk yield was 39.7 kg/day, and milk fat percentage was 3.30%. The decrease in bodyweight postparturition was slight. Urea nitrogen concentrations in serum were below 18.3 mg/dL. The mean days to first estrus and days open were 36 and 104 days, respectively. These results indicate that energy deficiency, decrease in bodyweight and fertility in early lactation barely occur when high producing dairy cows are fed enough grazing grass and suitable concentrates. 相似文献
16.
A. Rezaeenia A. A. Naserian R. Valizadeh A. M. Tahmasbi A. Mokhtarpour 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1427-1433
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of ground date seed (GDS) on intake, digestibility, and milk yield and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of lactating Holstein cows. The experimental design was a 4?×?4 replicated Latin square with eight lactating dairy cows with an average milk production of 35.5?±?1.5 kg and 75?±?5 days in milk (DIM). Dairy cows were fed one of the four treatments contained 0, 2, 4, and 6% of diet dry matter (DM) GDS in replacement of wheat bran. All diets contained the same amount of forages (alfalfa hay and corn silage). Dietary treatments had no effect on DM intake (DMI), total tract apparent digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition. Increasing GDS linearly decreased concentration of C13:0 and increased cis-9 C14:1 and trans-11 C18:1 (vaccenic acid) (P?<?0.05). A linear tendency for more C16:1 content in milk fat was observed with increasing GDS (P?=?0.06). Feeding GDS resulted in a linear decrease (P?<?0.01) in saturated FA (SFA) but increased milk fat monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and trans FA (TFA) (P?<?0.05). Therefore, low levels of GDS (up to 6%) in the diet of Holstein dairy cows can beneficially modify milk FA composition without any adverse effects on intake, digestibility, and milk yield. 相似文献
17.
This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of dried Sesbania sesban leaves supplementation on milk yield, feed intake and digestibility of Holstein Frisian X Zebu (Arado) crossbred dairy cows. Twelve cows at midlactation (155.83?±?4.49 days of lactation), second parity, and 442.21?±?3.40 kg average live body weight were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Cows were blocked according to their daily milk yield into three blocks of four animals each. Cows were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1.25 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves, 2 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves and 2.75 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves on a dry matter basis for 8 weeks. Total dry matter intake, nutrient intake, milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and nutrient digestibility showed significant variation among treatments. Cows supplemented with the highest level of Sesbania sesban (2.75 kg/day) had higher total dry matter and nutrient intake. Similarly, cows supplemented with 2 and 2.75 kg/day had higher milk yield than the nonsupplemented cows (up to 11.3 and 16.2%, respectively). Digestibility was lower for the nonsupplemented cows compared to cows supplemented with 2 and 2.75 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves but statistically similar to the cows supplemented with 1.25 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves. Supplementation with 2.75 kg/day Sesbania sesban resulted in higher organic matter digestibility (OMD) compared to the control. Crude protein digestibility (CPD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) were significantly affected by Sesbania sesban supplementation. The nonsupplemented cows had lower CPD, NDFD, and ADFD. These results indicate that dried Sesbania sesban leaves supplementation to dairy increases total DM intake, digestibility, and milk yield.
相似文献18.
为缓解奶牛热应激对其生产性能造成的影响,降低由此带来的经济损失,该试验研究、配制了奶牛抗热应激功能性营养包。按照胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数和体况相近的原则,将120头健康的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛随机分成试验组和对照组。在中度热应激条件下,对照组奶牛饲喂牧场基础日粮,试验组奶牛在基础日粮中添加300 g/(d·头)复合型功能性营养包,观察复合型功能性营养包的抗热应激效果。试验结果表明,在正试结束时,试验组奶牛的单产显著高于对照组(P0.05);与预试期相比,对照组奶牛的平均单产降低2.96 kg/(d·头),而试验组平均单产降低1.16 kg/(d·头),比对照组缓降了1.80 kg/(d·头);试验组奶牛的乳蛋白涨幅比对照组高0.13个百分点;正试结束时和停试第10天试验组奶牛的乳脂率和乳中干物质均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组奶牛的饲料转化率比对照组缓降0.02。结果提示,抗热应激功能性营养包不仅能够有效地缓减牛奶由于热应激导致的单产下降,还可以提高乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳中干物质和饲料转化率。 相似文献
19.
甜菜碱对奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用20头体重(597±11.8)kg、泌乳天数(88±4.5)d、日产奶(26.3±0.5)kg的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究甜菜碱(0、50、100和150g/d)对泌乳早期奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明:日粮添加甜菜碱对奶牛的采食量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和血糖浓度无显著影响,100g/d组和150g/d组鲜奶产量显著高于对照组和50g/d组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组4%乳脂校正乳、能量校正乳和乳脂产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。根据以上结果推断,甜菜碱的适宜添加水平为100g/d。 相似文献
20.
Chaowarit Mapato Metha Wanapat Anusorn Cherdthong 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1635-1642
Four crossbreds (75% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows were used to evaluate the effects of sunflower oil (SFO) levels
and roughage source on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. Four milking
cows with average liveweight of 410 ± 25 kg and 18 ± 11 days in milk were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square
design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with SFO levels (3% or 6%) in the concentrate and the roughage source [rice straw
(RS) or urea-treated RS (UTRS)] being the main factors. Four dietary treatments as (1) 3% SFO + RS, (2) 6% SFO + RS, (3) 3%
SFO + UTRS, and (4) 6% SFO + UTRS were offered ad libitum total mixed ration, with a concentrate/roughage ratio of 60:40.
The results were found that UTRS as a roughage source significantly increased feed intake, digestibility, concentration of
acetic acid in rumen fluid, rumen ammonia–nitrogen, blood–urea nitrogen, milk urea–nitrogen, and milk yield (3.5% fat-corrected milk) compared with cows fed on untreated RS. Supplementation of SFO at 3% in the concentrate-supplemented group having increased
dry matter intake, milk fat percentage, and milk yield (3.5% fat-corrected milk) compared with 6% SFO supplementation. However, there were no interaction effects between level of SFO in the concentrate
and roughage source in any of the factors studied. 相似文献