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1.
Postmortem proteome changes of porcine muscle related to tenderness 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Lametsch R Karlsson A Rosenvold K Andersen HJ Roepstorff P Bendixen E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(24):6992-6997
Proteome analysis was used to investigate the relation between changes in postmortem proteome of porcine muscle and tenderness development. Muscle samples were taken at slaughter and 72 h postmortem, and the registered changes in the proteome were related to Warner-Bratzler shear force. One hundred and three protein spots were found to change significantly (P < 0.01) over time, and of these the 27 most pronounced changes were identified. Eleven out of the 27 changes were fragments of actin. Other identified myofibril proteins or fragments included myosin heavy chain, titin, myosin light chain I, myosin light II, CapZ, and cofilin. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between three of the identified actin fragments and the myosin heavy chain fragment to shear force. Moreover, myosin light chain II and triose phosphate isomerase I were also found to correlate significantly to shear force. The results clearly demonstrate that postmortem degradation of actin and myosin heavy chain is related to meat tenderness. 相似文献
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为了研究牦牛不同部位分割肉的品质特征,该研究测定了牦牛辣椒条、上脑、眼肉、外脊、里脊、小黄瓜条、大黄瓜条、米龙、霖肉9个部位分割肉的剪切力、蒸煮损失、失水率、L*、a*、b*、蛋白、脂肪、含水率9项品质特性,并通过方差分析法、标准化法、主成分法研究其品质特征。结果表明,除了脂肪和含水率外,其余7项品质特性均存在显著差异性（P＜0.05）。标准化分析结果表明小黄瓜条、大黄瓜条、米龙、霖肉4个后部肉具有相似特征,具有较好的嫩度、较高的蛋白含量、中等水平的持水能力。主成分分析共提取出3个主成分因子PC1（34.69%）、PC2（25.97%）、PC3（19.12%）,其中PC1可明显区分出中部肉与后部肉差异,根据因子载荷,牦牛肉化学组成（蛋白、脂肪、含水率）与这一差异密切相关。可以得出以下结论：不同部位牦牛肉品质存在差异,这一差异与其在牦牛胴体上的相对位置有关,而牦牛胴体的后部肉品质优于其他部位,因此可以作为开发高档产品的原料来源。 相似文献
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为研究宰后NO-AMPK通路对牛肉蛋白特性及肉品质的影响,以一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)抑制剂L-NAME、一磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)抑制剂Compound C处理的牛臀股四头肌为研究对象,生理盐水处理作为对照,将肉样与处理液在4℃条件下1:1(g:mL)混合浸泡12 h后,在成熟0、6、12、24、48、72、120 h测定肉样的蛋白功能特性、保水性、嫩度以及肌肉组织结构等相关指标。结果显示,L-NAME组中一氧化氮NO含量在6~72 h显著低于对照组(P<0.05);3组中AMPK活性先增大后减小,L-NAME组和Compound C组中AMPK活性在6 h分别比对照组降低14.78%和26.75%;L-NAME组中总蛋白溶解性在6、24 h低于Compound C组,高于对照组(P<0.05),表面疏水性在12、48 h显著低于对照组(P<0.05)并高于Compound C组;L-NAME组中剪切力仅在48 h显著高于对照组并低于Compound C组(P<0.05);对照组中肉样蒸煮损失最大,Compound C组中肉样蒸煮损失最小。以上结果表明,牛肉宰后成熟过程中,NO能够通过AMPK通路改善牛肉嫩度,但对其保水性产生了不利影响。本研究结果可为牛肉宰后能量代谢及肉品质控制相关研究提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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Botsoglou N Papageorgiou G Nikolakakis I Florou-Paneri P Giannenas I Dotas V Sinapis E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(10):2982-2988
Ninety, 21-day-old, Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) divided into three groups with five subgroups each were fed a basal diet that served as control or a basal diet containing 5 or 10% of dried tomato pulp (DTP), a byproduct of the tomato-processing industry. The DTP contained lycopene and beta-carotene at 281 and 24.3 mg kg(-)(1) of dry weight, respectively. On day 42 of age, birds were slaughtered, and carcasses were trimmed for breast meat. To assess the effect of dietary treatment on the oxidative stability of raw and cooked meat, raw meat was subjected to iron-induced lipid oxidation, whereas both raw and cooked meats were subjected to refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C. The extent of lipid oxidation was determined on the basis of the malondialdehyde (MDA) formed through the use of third-order derivative spectrophotometry. Results showed that after 6 and 9 days of refrigerated storage, MDA values in raw meat were increased. The increase was higher (P < 0.05) for the 10% DTP group and lower (P < 0.05) for the 5% DTP group, compared to control. An analogous oxidation profile was observed for cooked meat at 3, 6, and 9 days of storage. Iron-induced lipid oxidation of raw meat showed that the 10% DTP group as well as the control group exhibited MDA values that did not differ (P > 0.05) from each other at all time points, whereas the 5% DTP group presented MDA values that, although not differing from those of the other groups at 0 and 50 min, were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the other groups at 100 and 150 min of iron-induced lipid oxidation. These results suggested that inclusion of dried tomato pulp in feed at a level of 5% exerted an antioxidant effect, whereas addition at level of 10% exerted a prooxidant effect. Mean alpha-tocopherol levels in the control, 5% DTP, and 10% DTP groups were 2.2, 2.1, and 1.4 mg kg(-)(1) of meat, respectively. Fatty acid analysis showed that the 10% DTP group had a higher (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and a greater (P < 0.05) unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio compared to control. There might be an interaction between DTP and alpha-tocopherol that is of importance for the balance between pro- and antioxidative activities. Future experiments should be designed to explore the interaction between individual carotenoids and tocopherols in order to better elucidate their role in oxidative changes. 相似文献
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Pedersen ME Kolset SO Sørensen T Eggen KH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(4):1445-1452
M. semitendinosus (ST) and M. psoas major (PM) were used as models for tough and tender meat to study a possible role of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) for muscle tenderness. The difference in texture was confirmed by Warner Bratzler shear force measurements. No significant difference in total amount of GAGs in the muscles was found. In contrast, a significant difference in the ratio of GAG/collagen was found between the two muscles. After separation of the GAGs by density gradient ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography, dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) were identified by cellulose acetate electrophoresis after use of specific enzymes and chemical methods. The content of DS was higher in the tougher muscle (ST) than in PM, and the difference in DS content was statistically significant. Furthermore, a significant difference in the GAG composition pattern of the two muscles was found. The yield of GAGs extracted from the muscles was 77% for ST and 87% for PM. The residue after extraction was further analyzed and found to contain mainly HS. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against CS/DS showed a staining pattern of the perimysium of ST different from that of PM. 相似文献
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为探明4℃冷藏和-18℃冻藏对牦牛瘤胃平滑肌脂肪和蛋白质氧化及其加工特性的影响,以PE薄膜和PE真空包装的牦牛瘤胃为研究对象,分别测定其在贮藏过程中的脂肪氧化(硫代巴比妥酸)、蛋白质氧化(羰基值、总巯基、表面疏水性)和加工品质(失水率、蒸煮损失率、剪切力、质构特性)的变化。结果表明,不同贮藏温度和包装方式下的瘤胃均发生了不同程度的脂肪和蛋白质氧化,与薄膜包装相比,真空包装可延缓牦牛瘤胃脂肪和蛋白质氧化的发生,且-18℃冻藏下更为显著。此外,冷(冻)藏条件下不同包装牦牛瘤胃的失水率和蒸煮损失率均显著增大(P<0.05),剪切力值显著降低(P<0.05),硬度先减小后增大,且薄膜包装在冷藏0~5 d和冻藏0~28 d时,其加工特性均优于真空包装。综上表明,2种包装下的牦牛瘤胃在冷(冻)藏过程中均发生了脂肪和蛋白质氧化,但真空包装可以有效地延缓氧化反应的发生。此外,在冷藏0~5 d和冻藏0~28 d时,薄膜包装更有利于改善瘤胃的加工特性,增加其嫩度和弹性,但长时间贮藏会导致瘤胃加工特性下降,冷藏条件下薄膜包装瘤胃的变化表现最为显著。本研究可为瘤胃贮藏过程中食用品质的控制提供参考。 相似文献
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为了研究运输季节对猪宰前应激及宰后猪肉品质的影响,该文以杜大长三元杂交猪为对象,测定了夏、秋和冬3个季节运输条件下猪的血液生化指标、血细胞系数以及宰后猪肉温度、p H值、保水性、色泽和剪切力的变化。结果表明:秋季运输猪血液中白细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、葡萄糖、促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇浓度显著低于夏季和冬季组(P0.05),胴体表面皮肤损伤也显著降低(P0.05)。运输季节对宰后猪肉胴体温度、p H值、色泽及保水性有显著性影响(P0.05)。与秋季运输相比,夏季运输猪宰后45 min胴体温度、滴水损失率、L值显著升高,a*值和剪切力显著下降(P0.05);冬季运输猪宰后猪肉a*值增加(P0.05),但滴水损失率与秋季组相比并无显著性差异(P0.05)。因此猪在秋季运输能显著降低宰前动物应激,提高宰后猪肉品质,夏季和冬季如能对运输环境分别进行防暑和保暖处理可能会对猪应激反应和猪肉品质产生积极的作用。该研究结果对于屠宰行业实际生产过程中缓解生猪宰前运输应激,改善动物福利以及提高猪肉品质提供参考。 相似文献
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水滑肉是我国传统的菜肴,具有爽滑细嫩、鲜香无比的特点。为了探究水滑肉淀粉外壳变化对水滑肉品质的影响,以质构、剪切力、水分含量、回生程度、淀粉热力学特性等为评价指标,研究了在冰温贮藏期间水滑肉品质的变化情况。结果表明：与水煮肉进行对照,在冰温贮藏期间淀粉的添加显著抑制了水滑肉的硬度、咀嚼性及剪切力的增加;水滑肉在贮藏期品质指标劣化,但感官得分优于对照组。在冰温贮藏期间,水滑肉外壳的水分含量、糊化焓值及R1047/1022依次增加了7.29%、327.42%、5.17%,增长幅度均低于淀粉组 (P＜0.05);肉的存在显著减缓了水滑肉淀粉外壳的回生(P＜0.05)。在冰温贮藏条件下,淀粉外壳的回生与水滑肉的质构指标呈现显著正相关(P＜0.05),即淀粉外壳的回生会劣化水滑肉的硬度、咀嚼性和剪切力。冰温条件下,肉中水分向淀粉外壳转移可能会延缓淀粉外壳的回生,从而延缓其品质劣化;冰温贮藏第8 天可能为水滑肉品质变化的关键点。研究结果可为水滑肉预制菜肴品质研究提供参考。 相似文献
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蛋白质组学在生鲜肉肉色变化机制研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
肉色是影响消费者购买欲望的最直观因素。宰后生鲜肉肉色的变化机制和肉色改善一直是肉类科学领域研究的热点。肉色体系复杂,其稳定性受动物宰前因素、从肌肉向可食用肉转化过程和宰后商业流通链条件等因素的影响。目前,仍有许多影响途径和作用机制不够清楚。研究者已采用蛋白质组学技术发现了许多与肉色相关的蛋白标志物和可能影响途径。该文基于近年的研究,综述了不同处理条件下与肉色相关的差异蛋白,主要包括结构性蛋白中的肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和肌联蛋白,以及肌浆蛋白中的伴侣蛋白、热休克蛋白、代谢酶类和氧化还原酶类等,分析了差异蛋白表达对肉色的影响及其表达调控肉色体系的可能机制,为今后肉色变化机制的研究和肉色稳定性的调控提供了思路。 相似文献
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不同干燥方式下调理猪肉干品质变化及其机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步明确干燥方式对调理猪肉干品质特性的影响及其机制,分别采用热风干燥（Hot Air Drying,HAD）、真空冷冻干燥（Vacuum Freeze Drying,VFD）和对流烤箱干燥（Convection Oven Drying,COD）等方式制备调理猪肉干,对干燥特性和剪切力、色泽、水分活度、感官特性、蛋白质体外消化率等品质指标进行测定,并结合水分迁移规律、微观结构、肌肉氧化特性等指标和化学计量学方法,揭示干燥方式对其品质变化的影响。结果表明：干燥方式对调理猪肉干的干燥速率、剪切力、水分活度、色泽、蛋白质体外消化率等均有显著影响（P<0.05）,其中COD处理通过不断产生热循环,由内而外加快了样品中水分的迁移和蒸发,使干燥速率提升33%,VFD处理组样品剪切力、水分活度、红度值（29.96 N、0.637和2.49）远低于其他2组,而亮度值、色彩强度值和蛋白质体外消化率较高。此外,低场核磁共振显示结合水是调理猪肉干内部水分的主要组分,而COD样品中结合水的弛豫时间最短,表现为持水力较佳,同时其蛋白质氧化、交联和聚集程度较低,使得体外消化率和感官得分最高,进一步综合偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）结果,可知采用COD处理能有效保证加工后的调理猪肉干具备更好的品质,该结果为调理猪肉干在干燥过程中的品质控制及高效加工提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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Herrero AM Carmona P López-López I Jiménez-Colmenero F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7119-7124
Raman spectroscopy, texture, proximate composition, and water binding analysis were carried out to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment and/or salt addition to meat batter. For this purpose, different meat batters were elaborated: control meat batter (no salt) and meat batters with low (1.0%) and high (2.5%) NaCl content with and without thermal treatment (70 degrees C/30 min). Increase (P < 0.05) in penetration force and hardness upon heating was observed. Results also showed hardness increasing (P < 0.05) as a function of salt addition in heated meat batter. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in alpha-helix content accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in beta-sheets resulting from heating. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations were found between these secondary structural changes in meat proteins and water binding and textural properties of meat batter. In this way, a significant correlation was found between beta-sheets, salt content, hardness, and chewiness in heated samples. 相似文献
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Volatile profiles of two Iberian dry-cured products, dry-cured loin and ham, from three different Iberian x Duroc genotypes, was assessed. Three groups of 10 pigs, each (5 males and 5 females) from different genotypes, were studied: GEN1 = male Iberian x female Duroc1; GEN2 = male Duroc1 x female Iberian; and GEN3 = male Duroc2 x female Iberian. The genotype Duroc1 (DU1) corresponded to pigs selected for the production of dry-cured meat products (hams, loins, and shoulders), with a high level of fattening, while the genotype Duroc2 (DU2) corresponded to animals selected for meat production. Genotype slightly affected the volatile profiles of both dry-cured meat products, although dry-cured loin from GEN3 showed higher hexanal content. Dry-cured loin showed a volatile profile very different to that found in dry-cured ham. Volatile compounds of dry-cured meat products were mainly originated by lipid and protein degradation. Most of the volatile detected in both meat products came from lipid oxidation such as acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. In addition, a high proportion of volatile compounds from the Maillard reaction was found. Branched aldehydes and some sulfur and nitrogen compounds have their origin in the amino acids degradation by the Strecker reaction, while branched alcohols and acids come from the lipid oxidation of branched aldehydes. Dry-cured ham showed a higher number and a higher level of compounds with origin in protein and lipid degradation than dry-cured loin, which agrees with the longer ripening of the hams (24 months) with respect to the loins (4 months). In dry-cured loins, apart from these compounds, seasoning mixture provides high amount of volatiles, such as terpenes (from paprika and oregano) and sulfur compounds (from garlic), which have great importance in the overall aroma of this product. 相似文献
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以杜长大三元杂交猪为对象, 研究了饲喂沼渣源配合饲料对猪胴体品质、肉质性状及营养成分的影响.结果表明, 饲料添加不同量的沼渣对猪屠宰率和胴体长无显著影响(P>0.05), 但显著降低了瘦肉率、后腿比例和眼肌面积(P<0.05), 显著提高了背膘厚.饲料添加沼渣显著降低了肌肉颜色和熟肉率, 显著提高了滴水损失和剪切力值, 且添加量越多效果越明显;同时, 添加沼渣对肌肉失水率、pH无显著影响, 但大理石纹评分对照组和沼渣组差异显著.对猪肉营养成分测定结果表明, 添加沼渣显著降低猪肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和水分含量, 而对粗灰分含量无显著影响.因此, 猪日粮中添加沼渣降低了胴体品质、肉质性状以及营养价值, 如果将其应用到生产中, 需要解决胴体品质、肉质和营养价值下降的问题. 相似文献
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为了探究热处理强度对肌球蛋白结构及风味吸附特性的影响,该文选取猪肉中肌球蛋白,采用拉曼光谱等技术,分析了不同温度(45、55、65、75、85℃)对肌球蛋白巯基总量、二级结构和表面疏水性的影响;然后选取8种典型肉品风味成分,建立肌球蛋白-风味化合物作用体系,以同一顶空内不同风味化合物浓度自由比例为指标,采用固相微萃取气质联用技术探究不同热处理强度对肌球蛋白风味吸附作用的影响。结果表明:整个热处理强度增加的过程中肌球蛋白巯基基团含量显著降低(P0.01);温度升至55℃蛋白分子展开,α-螺旋和β-折叠转换成β-转角及无规则卷曲结构;温度升至75℃蛋白分子变性,β-转角及无规则卷曲转换成α-螺旋和β-折叠结构;在温度升高至65℃的过程中蛋白表面疏水性持续增加,温度继续升高略有降低;蛋白对4种醛(3-甲基丁醛、戊醛、庚醛、辛醛)的吸附性在展开过程中增强,聚合过程中减弱;蛋白对2-戊酮的吸附性先降低后升高,45℃处理组最低,85℃处理组最高,对3种酮(2-庚酮、2-辛酮、2-壬酮)的吸附性呈先增加后降低再增加的趋势,蛋白变性时(75℃)显著低于其余温度条件(P0.01),85℃处理时显著高于其余温度条件(P0.01);研究结果为今后关于肉品风味形成机理的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Vuorela S Salminen H Mäkelä M Kivikari R Karonen M Heinonen M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(22):8492-8497
Rapeseed and pine bark are rich sources of phenolic compounds that have in previous studies been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the antioxidant effect of rapeseed and pine bark phenolics in inhibiting the oxidation of lipids and proteins in meat was tested as a possible functional food application. The cooked pork meat with added plant material was oxidized for 9 days at 5 degrees C under light. The suitable level of plant material addition was first screened by following lipid oxidation only. For further investigations plant materials were added at a level preventing lipid oxidation by >80%. The oxidation was followed by measuring the formation of hexanal by headspace gas chromatography and the formation of protein carbonyls by converting them to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and measured by spectrophotometer. It was shown that rapeseed and pine bark were excellent antioxidants toward protein oxidation (inhibitions between 42 and 64%). These results indicate that rapeseed and pine bark could be potential sources of antioxidants in meat products. 相似文献
18.
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins pose a serious health risk for consumers of bivalves and other shellfish, as well as a huge economic burden for the bivalve-producing farmers. In this work, the aim was to utilize a solubilization-based protein-isolation method to produce a low-DSP toxin protein isolate from toxic blue mussels that are unsuitable for the whole shellfish market. A homogenate of whole mussel meat was solubilized at low pH (2.8) or high pH (11.1), followed by centrifugation and reprecipitation of the solubilized mussel proteins at the isoelectric pH. In a second centrifugation, precipitated proteins were collected. These processes resulted in 81 (acid solubilization) and 72% (alkaline solubilization) reduction in the initial DTX-1 toxin content of the mussel meat. No other DSP toxins were found in the protein isolates. Acid processing of mussel meat resulted in 50% reduction in the total lipid content, while alkaline treatment did not significantly affect the lipid content. The effect of citric acid and calcium chloride addition to the mussel meat-water homogenate on lipid and toxin content was also investigated. A poor correlation factor was surprisingly obtained between reductions in DTX-1 toxin and lipids in protein isolates from processed toxic mussels. Results from an analytical mass balance of the DTX-1 toxin during acid processing showed that 61% of this toxin ended up in the aqueous supernatant after the second centrifugation. The present study presents a promising alternative way of utilizing mussels for food production in periods when they are toxic. 相似文献
19.
羟自由基氧化对牦牛肉肌原纤维蛋白生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究羟自由基(·OH)氧化处理对宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中肌原纤维蛋白氧化特性的影响,以经不同浓度(0、0.5、1、5、10、20 mmol·L-1)羟自由基氧化体系氧化不同时间(0、0.5、1、12、24、48 h)的牦牛肉为研究对象,以未经处理的牦牛肉为空白对照,测定不同浓度不同氧化时间下肉样肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量、巯基含量、二硫键含量、表面疏水性、Ca/K-ATPase活性等指标的变化规律。结果表明,随着H2O2浓度的增加及氧化时间的延长,不同处理组间牦牛肉肌原纤维蛋白均表现出不同程度的氧化水平,其中羰基含量、二硫键含量和Ca-ATPase活性均呈显著增加趋势(P<0.01),而表面疏水性呈先上升后下降的趋势,巯基含量和K-ATPase活性则显著降低(P<0.01)。H2O2浓度增加至20 mmol·L-1时,与空白对照组相比,羟自由基处理组羰基含量升高46.03%,而巯基含量下降79.79%。综上,羟自由基促使宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中肌原纤维蛋白发生了显著氧化,增加了蛋白的氧化程度。本研究结果为牦牛肉生产加工过程中蛋白氧化控制提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
20.
针对近红外光谱技术在生鲜肉品质检测中预测模型适用范围窄、检测指标单一、模型稳定性差、难以有效应用于生产检测等问题,本研究采集不同月龄宁夏滩羊宰后3个时期4个部位肉的可见-近红外光谱信息,测定色泽、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力以及蛋白质、粗脂肪和水分含量,利用2个波段(370~1 050 nm、900~1 700 nm)的光谱数据分别构建各个指标的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)预测模型以实现滩羊肉多品质指标同步无损检测。结果表明,两波段中各品质指标的PLSR预测模型相关系数(R)均大于0.80,第二波段中水分含量PLSR模型预测集R可达0.941;两波段中各品质指标预测模型的性能较好,其中370~1 050 nm波段的光谱数据对样品色泽参数预测效果更好。综上所述,可见-近红外光谱技术可实现滩羊肉7个品质指标的快速无损检测。本研究结果为滩羊肉品质控制和滩羊屠宰加工企业优质特色产品的生产提供了技术支撑。 相似文献