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1.
Perineal herniation in the bitch is rare and its complication by bladder retroflexion in the bitch has not been previously reported in the literature. This case report describes a multigravid, five-year-old female cocker spaniel with bilateral perineal hernias, complicated by marked rectal sacculation and ventral bladder retroflexion. The case was managed initially by cystopexy and colopexy, followed seven days later by bilateral perineal herniorrhaphy. There was no recurrence of the problem by 12 months postsurgery. 相似文献
2.
Risselada M Kramer M Van de Velde B Polis I Görtz K 《The Journal of small animal practice》2003,44(11):508-510
A case of retroflexion of the urinary bladder into a bilateral perineal hernia in a female domestic shorthaired cat, three weeks postpartum, is reported. The bladder was repositioned and a cystopexy performed. A pelvic ostectomy was also carried out in order to alleviate the narrowing of the pelvic canal caused by an untreated acetabular fracture. Bilateral perineal herniorrhaphy was performed. 相似文献
3.
In a series of 61 dogs examined for perineal hernia 12, (20 per cent) were found to have bladder retroflexion. Associated urinary signs were seen in only five dogs including one case with bladder rupture. Radiology was found to be the most consistently accurate means of diagnosis. Bladders were drained by catheterization, or by percutaneous or surgical cystocentesis before manipulative or surgical reduction. Conventional herniorrhaphy and castration were performed in all cases. Cystopexy was performed in only one case although recurrence of the retroflexion was not encountered in any dogs. Three dogs remained urinary incontinent after treatment. 相似文献
4.
A two-year-old chihuahua bitch was presented with urinary incontinence following ovariohysterectomy which had been performed at the time of caesarean section. Clinical, contrast radiographic and surgical investigation revealed the presence of right hydroureter and hydronephrosis, vesicovaginal fistula and absence of most of the urinary bladder. These abnormalities appeared to have resulted from ligation of the caudal bladder, at the level of the trigone, during ovariohysterectomy. 相似文献
5.
Agut A Fernandez del Palacio MJ Laredo FG Murciano J Bayon A Soler M 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(1):32-35
An eight-month-old Pekingese bitch with urinary incontinence was found to have three congenital anomalies of the urinary tract: left renal agenesis, bilateral ectopic ureters with a left cranial blind-ending ureter, and urinary bladder hypoplasia. The diagnoses were made by retrograde vaginourethrography, excretory urography, ultrasonography and duplex Doppler ultrasonography. Although urological anomalies associated with renal agenesis have been frequently observed, a cranial blind-end ectopic ureter has not, to the authors' knowledge, been described in the bitch. The dog was managed medically with a restricted protein diet because of a compromised unilateral kidney with hydronephrosis and hydroureter. 相似文献
6.
Gilley RS Caywood DD Lulich JP Bowersox TS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(12):1717-21, 1706
A 9-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier was evaluated for dysuria and rectal prolapse 2 weeks after bilateral perineal herniorrhaphy. Dysuria was secondary to caudal displacement of the bladder, rather than retroflexion of the bladder. Dysuria and rectal prolapse were associated with disruption of supporting ligaments of the urinary bladder and colon, which may have been caused by tenesmus. Combined cystopexy and colopexy were used successfully to treat the dysuria and rectal prolapse. 相似文献
7.
Takiguchi M Watanabe T Okada H Kudo T Yamada K Yasuda J Hashimoto A 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(6):269-271
A urinary bladder tumour was diagnosed in a two-year-old female Maltese with haematuria and pollakiuria on the basis of ultrasonography and pneumocystography findings. The mass was resected, and the bladder was preserved at surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the tumour to be a rhabdomyosarcoma, which has rarely been reported in small breeds of dog. There was no recurrence of the tumour at the original site in the urinary bladder two months later, when the dog died due to metastasis to the liver. This is believed to be the first report of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in a Maltese. 相似文献
8.
Spada E Proverbio D Groppetti D Perego R Grieco V Ferro E 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(1):67-71
Canine leishmaniasis during pregnancy is rarely reported, even in countries where the infection in dogs is endemic. The authors report a case of a 4 yr old bitch with leishmaniasis treated with meglumine antimoniate during pregnancy. The pregnancy and delivery were normal and the bitch presented improvement of the infection during treatment. Three puppies died within 2 days of birth and tested negative via real-time PCR for L. infantum. The two surviving puppies were followed clinically, serologically, and by real-time PCR until 1 yr of age with no evidence of congenital leishmaniasis. L. infantum DNA was detected with real-time PCR analysis of uterine tissue from the bitch at the time of ovariohysterectomy. PCR analysis was performed after an ovariohysterectomy of the bitch that was performed two months after parturition. Meglumine antimoniate use in the pregnant bitch may have prevented vertical transmission of leishmaniasis. 相似文献
9.
A 3-month-old, Labrador bitch presented with urinary incontinence. A unilateral, ectopic ureter was diagnosed with ultrasound without the aid of additional contrast radiographic techniques. Ipsilateral hydroureter and mild hydronephrosis were also present. At the level of the bladder trigone the ectopic ureter became intramural and this was clearly demonstrable with ultrasound. The opening of the ectopic ureter into the proximal urethra was, however, not visualised owing to its intrapelvic location. 相似文献
10.
H de Rooster G Vercauteren K Görtz J Saunders I Polis T Rijsselaere 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(1):22-26
A pregnant bitch was treated with a synthetic testosterone mixture on approximately day 40. The female offspring (six pups) showed an increased anogenital distance, vaginal enlargement and a variable amount of vaginal discharge. The urinary orifice was found dorsally in the vestibulum, stooled on a protruding phallus-like structure. All six pups underwent a laparotomy and subsequent spaying and a modified ventral episioplasty technique to lift up the labia to a more vertical position in order to prevent urine accumulation. Histopathological examination of the genital tracts demonstrated the presence of bilateral ovotestis and remnants of the Wolffian duct system in all cases. The finding of true hermaphroditism of the offspring after exogenous androgen administration during gestation of the bitch has not yet been reported elsewhere. 相似文献
11.
Pyometra (uterine inflammation with accumulation of pus in the uterus) is regarded as one of the most common illnesses in bitches. The ethiology and pathogenesis are complex with both hormonal and bacterial elements. The bacteria most frequently isolated from the uterine content is Escherichia coli.In this study, 84 E. coli strains from the uteri of 70 bitches suffering from the disease were examined and their DNA-profiles compared by restriction enzyme analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Through variations in DNA-profiles of the E. coli isolates, this study indicates that pyometra is caused by E. coli originating from the normal flora of the dogs and not by certain clones spread between animals.E. coli strains from the urinary bladder and the uterus of six of the bitches suffering from simultaneous urinary tract infection and pyometra were examined and compared as above. The DNA-profiles of the isolates from each of the six bitches were 100% identical. This study supports the theory suggesting that in cases of simultaneous urinary tract infection and E. coli pyometra, the urinary tract and uterus are infected with the same bacterial strain.To evaluate whether the uterus was infected with a single clone of E. coli or if multiple clones were present, eight to 16 colonies of E. coli isolated from pyometra samples from a further 10 bitches were examined. All bacterial colonies from the culture of the same bitch showed identical DNA-profiles.In 14 of the 70 bitches, two macroscopically different but biochemically identical E. coli colony types were isolated. The two colony types from the same bitch proved to have identical DNA-profiles in 13 cases and almost identical in the remaining bitch. 相似文献
12.
Haemangiosarcoma of the urinary bladder is reported in a dog. The bladder mass was detected incidentally during physical examination. Partial cystectomy with unilateral ureteroneocystostomy were performed to remove the tumour en bloc. Necrosis of the urinary bladder was diagnosed 10 days postoperatively and the dog was euthanased. 相似文献
13.
Ovariohysterectomy and surgical excision of a vaginal leiomyoma were performed in a bitch exhibiting continuous bleeding from the vulva. Following excision of the tumour, urine retention and urinary incontinence developed. Treatment using drugs and an indwelling catheter was unsuccessful in correcting the disorders and chronic cystitis developed after long-standing urine stagnation in the bladder. The authors resorted to undertaking partial cystectomy in order to correct the condition, which resulted in reduced urine retention and improved micturition. 相似文献
14.
Objective— To describe a surgical technique for resection of the entire bladder neck, including the trigone and proximal urethra in dogs with invasive tumors causing life-threatening urinary tract obstruction.
Study Design— Clinical case reports.
Animals— Dogs (n=2) with bladder tumors.
Methods— Circumferential excision of the bladder neck and proximal urethra with preservation of the neurovascular pedicles was performed to remove a rhabdomyosarcoma (dog 1) and a transitional cell carcinoma (dog 2) involving the trigone and bladder neck that were causing urinary tract obstruction. Reconstruction of the bladder and proximal urethra included bilateral ureteroneocystostomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered postoperatively to both dogs.
Results— Postoperatively, dogs 1 and 2 were continent after 7 and 17 days, respectively, and regained normal urinary function after resolution of a transient pollakiuria. Dog 1 had no evidence of local or regional recurrence; however, a large solitary pulmonary metastatic lesion was diagnosed 8 months later. The dog was euthanatized despite a lack of clinical signs. Dog 2 had at least 1 metastatic lesion in the abdominal wall 6 months later and was euthanatized at 580 days because of renal failure.
Conclusion— En-bloc removal of the bladder neck and proximal urethra with preservation of the dorsal vascular and nervous pedicles, although a technically challenging procedure, can be performed without associated urinary incontinence or bladder wall necrosis.
Clinical Relevance— In dogs with invasive bladder tumors causing life-threatening urinary tract obstruction, resection of the bladder neck and proximal urethra should be considered as a promising surgical alternative to urinary diversion. 相似文献
Study Design— Clinical case reports.
Animals— Dogs (n=2) with bladder tumors.
Methods— Circumferential excision of the bladder neck and proximal urethra with preservation of the neurovascular pedicles was performed to remove a rhabdomyosarcoma (dog 1) and a transitional cell carcinoma (dog 2) involving the trigone and bladder neck that were causing urinary tract obstruction. Reconstruction of the bladder and proximal urethra included bilateral ureteroneocystostomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered postoperatively to both dogs.
Results— Postoperatively, dogs 1 and 2 were continent after 7 and 17 days, respectively, and regained normal urinary function after resolution of a transient pollakiuria. Dog 1 had no evidence of local or regional recurrence; however, a large solitary pulmonary metastatic lesion was diagnosed 8 months later. The dog was euthanatized despite a lack of clinical signs. Dog 2 had at least 1 metastatic lesion in the abdominal wall 6 months later and was euthanatized at 580 days because of renal failure.
Conclusion— En-bloc removal of the bladder neck and proximal urethra with preservation of the dorsal vascular and nervous pedicles, although a technically challenging procedure, can be performed without associated urinary incontinence or bladder wall necrosis.
Clinical Relevance— In dogs with invasive bladder tumors causing life-threatening urinary tract obstruction, resection of the bladder neck and proximal urethra should be considered as a promising surgical alternative to urinary diversion. 相似文献
15.
E. C. G. M. Hampson G. T. Wilkinson R. H. Suttont S. A. Turner †† 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(3):155-158
An entire seven-year-old Afghan bitch was referred with a two month history of pruritic, erythematous and ulcerated lesions involving the skin of the ventral abdomen, caudal mammae, inguinal region and the inner thighs. Other clinical signs included pyrexia, mild dyspnoea, mammary hypertrophy and lactation. A skin biopsy confirmed an anaplastic carcinoma. At necropsy, the neoplasm was located in the colon, urinary bladder, liver, peritoneal wall, diaphragm, parietal pleura and mediastinal membranes, including the pericardial sac attachment. The colon was considered to be the primary site. 相似文献
16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of laparotomy as the initial step in the treatment of bilateral or complicated perineal hernia (PH) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Forty-one dogs with PH. METHODS: Dogs with bilateral or complicated PH treated by a 2-step approach between November 1997 and December 2001 were studied. Inclusion criteria for complicated PH were: recurrence of PH, unilateral PH with a major rectal dilatation, PH with a concurrent surgical prostatic disease, and PH with retroflexed bladder. Colopexy, vas deferens pexy, cystopexy, and prostatic omentalization were performed during laparotomy as needed. Later, PH was performed by internal obturator muscle flap (IOMF) or if there was a perineal rent or weakness on the contralateral side, appositional herniorrhaphy was performed. Outcome was followed for >/=6 months. RESULTS: PH were bilateral (20 dogs) or unilateral (21). Twenty-one (51%) dogs had prostatic disease (clinical or ultrasonography diagnosis; 17 confirmed histologically) and 12 (29%) had urinary bladder retroflexion. Forty-one colopexies, 32 vas deferens pexies, 6 cystopexies, and 9 prostatic surgeries (omentalization or perineal cyst resection) were performed. PH was performed 2-20 days (median, 6 days) later: 61 IOMF transpositions, 13 appositional. Mean follow-up time was 26.6 months (range, 6-54 months, median, 27 months). PH was resolved in 37 (90%) dogs; 4 dogs had recurrence, and all occurred within 6 months. Thirty-eight (92%) dogs had an improved quality of life (good in 34 dogs, fair in 4 dogs). Wound complications occurred in 7 dogs (17%). Postoperative urine dribbling occurred in 15 dogs (37%) and was irreversible in 7 dogs (17%). Postoperative fecal straining persisted in 18 dogs (44%), and was permanent in 4 dogs (10%). Fecal incontinence did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: In bilateral or complicated PH, fixation of the urinary bladder and colon, and treatment of prostatic disease increase the chances of resolution. Emptying of the perineal space by organ pexy allows improved observation during herniorrhaphy. Despite a 90% clinical resolution, dogs with complicated PH treated by a 2-step protocol may have persistent urinary and fecal disorders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To improve the prognosis of bilateral or complicated PH, investigation and treatment of concomitant lesions (rectal, prostatic, bladder) should be part of a rational surgical strategy using a 2-step protocol. 相似文献
17.
A 15-month-old bitch was presented for investigation of a two-month history of dysuria. Clinical signs had developed within one day of routine ovariohysterectomy. A rounded mass was palpable in the caudal abdomen which was shown radiographically to displace and compress the urinary bladder. On ultrasonography, the mass was composed primarily of pockets of hypoechoic fluid divided by hyperechoic septae; blood was obtained on fine-needle aspiration. The mass was surgically removed and the dog regained normal urinary function within a few days. Histopathological examination showed the mass to be an encapsulated haematoma, which is likely to have developed as a result of the ovariohysterectomy. 相似文献
18.
Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the male dog: importance of bladder neck position, proximal urethral length and castration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. C. Power K. E. Eggleton A. J. Aaron P. E. Holt P. J. Cripps 《The Journal of small animal practice》1998,39(2):69-72
The radiographs of 37 incontinent adult male dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence were compared with those of 28 control dogs to determine if, as in the bitch, differences in bladder neck position and urethral length were implicated in the pathophysiology of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Bladder neck position was significantly different; compared with continent dogs, incontinent animals were significantly more likely (P<0.005) to have intrapelvic than intra-abdominal bladder necks. However, after allowing for the influence of body size, and unlike the situation in the bitch, there was no significant difference in proximal urethral length between the two groups. Bladder neck position was significantly related to prostate size (P<0.001) and it is suggested that this is one reason why castrated male dogs are more prone to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence than entire animals. A logistic regression analysis revealed that both bladder neck position and castration status were significant risk factors for incontinence and that they appeared to be acting independently of each other. 相似文献
19.
A severely hypocalcaemic, hypomagnesaemic lactating bitch exhibited clinical signs of pulmonary oedema, paresis, dementia, gastrointestinal ileus and urinary bladder atony. The total calcium, ionised calcium and magnesium levels were extremely low. The clinical picture was very different from the one typically encountered in canine lactation tetany, and instead resembled bovine postparturient paresis. Muscle tremors, rigidity and seizures were not part of the acute clinical picture, but rather atony, weakness and paresis. General muscle dysfunction probably resulted from the extremely low ionised calcium levels in combination with very low levels of magnesium and possibly potassium. Heart failure and atony of the urinary bladder and intestines were probably a result of the severe hypocalcaemia. The alteration in calcium to magnesium ratio may have depressed neuromuscular transmission, leading to paresis and atony. The unusual electrocardiogram possibly also resulted from abnormal magnesium and calcium cation levels. 相似文献
20.
Laparoscopic-assisted cystopexy in dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rawlings CA Howerth EW Mahaffey MB Foutz TL Bement S Canalis C 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(9):1226-1231
OBJECTIVE: To develop a laparoscopic-assisted technique for cystopexy in dogs. ANIMALS: 8 healthy male dogs, 7 healthy female dogs, and 3 client-owned dogs with retroflexion of the urinary bladder secondary to perineal herniation. PROCEDURES: Dogs were anesthetized, and positive pressure ventilation was provided. In the healthy male dogs, the serosal surface of the bladder was sutured to the abdominal wall. In the healthy female dogs, the serosa and muscular layer of the bladder were incised and sutured to the aponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles. Dogs were monitored daily for 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: All dogs recovered rapidly after surgery and voided normally. In the female dogs, results of urodynamic (leak point pressure and urethral pressure profilometry) and contrast radiographic studies performed 30 days after surgery were similar to results obtained before surgery. Cystopexy was successful in all 3 client-owned dogs, but 1 of these dogs was subsequently euthanatized because of leakage from a colopexy performed at the same time as the cystopexy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The laparoscopic-assisted cystopexy technique was quick, easy to perform, and not associated with urinary tract infection or abnormalities of urination. 相似文献