共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
采用TXⅡ500型TIG焊机,以Ti粉和石墨粉为原料,以工业纯氮为反应气体和保护气体,利用反应氮弧熔覆技术在Q235试件表面制备了Ti(CN)/Fe金属陶瓷复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、XRD射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、摩擦试验机分析了涂层组织结构、物相组成、显微硬度及涂层的耐磨性。结果表明:涂层成形良好,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;涂层主要由原位反应形成的TiC0.51N0.12相、Fe相及少量的TiO2相组成;Ti(CN)/Fe涂层的显微硬度高达1 100HV0.5,约是基体金属的3倍;涂层磨损失重约是基体金属的1/8,涂层具有较好的耐磨性。 相似文献
2.
DC Clary 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5358):1879-1882
It is now possible to use rigorous quantum scattering theory to perform accurate calculations on the detailed state-to-state dynamics of chemical reactions in the gas phase. Calculations on simple reactions, such as H + D2 --> HD + D and F + H2 --> HF + H, compete with experiment in their accuracy. Recent advances in theory promise to extend such accurate predictions to more complicated reactions, such as OH + H2 --> H2O + H, and even to reactions of molecules on solid surfaces. New experimental techniques for probing reaction transition states, such as negative-ion photodetachment spectroscopy and pump-probe femtosecond spectroscopy, are stimulating the development of new theories. 相似文献
3.
Because of its high resistivity and subsequent low electroactivity, sulfur is not normally considered a room-temperature battery cathode. An elemental sulfur cathode has been made with a measured capacity of over 900 ampere.hours per kilogram, more than 90 percent of the theoretical storage capacity of solid sulfur at room temperature, accessed by means of a lightweight, highly conductive, aqueous polysulfide interface through the electrocatalyzed reaction S + H(2)O + 2e(-) --> HS(-) + OH(-). This solid sulfur cathode was first used in a battery with an aluminum anode for an overall discharge reaction 2Al + 3S + 3OH(-) + 3H(2)O --> 2Al(OH)(3) + 3HS(-), giving a cell potential of 1.3 volts. The theoretical specific energy of the aluminum-sulfur battery (based on potassium salts) is 910 watt.hours per kilogram with an experimental specific energy of up to 220 watt.hours per kilogram. 相似文献
4.
Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Electrical stimulation of axons in the hippocampus with short high-frequency bursts that resemble in vivo activity patterns produces stable potentiation of postsynaptic responses when the bursts occur at intervals of 200 milliseconds but not 2 seconds. When a burst was applied to one input and a second burst applied to a different input to the same target neuron 200 milliseconds later, only the synapses activated by the second burst showed stable potentiation. This effect was observed even when the two inputs innervated completely different regions of the postsynaptic cells; but did not occur when the inputs were stimulated simultaneously or when the second burst was delayed by 2 seconds. Intracellular recordings indicated that the first burst extended the decay phase of excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked 200 milliseconds later. These results suggest that a single burst of axonal stimulation produces a transient, spatially diffuse "priming" effect that prolongs responses to subsequent bursts, and that these altered responses trigger spatially restricted synaptic modifications. The similarity of the temporal parameters of the priming effect and the theta rhythm that dominates the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) during learning episodes suggests that this priming may be involved in behaviorally induced synaptic plasticity. 相似文献
5.
The crossing of two electronic potential surfaces (a conical intersection) should result in geometric phase effects even for molecular processes confined to the lower surface. However, recent quantum simulations of the hydrogen exchange reaction (H + H2 --> H2 + H) have predicted a cancellation in such effects when product distributions are integrated over all scattering angles. We used a simple topological argument to extract reaction paths with different senses from a nuclear wave function that encircles a conical intersection. In the hydrogen-exchange reaction, these senses correspond to paths that cross one or two transition states. These two sets of paths scatter their products into different regions of space, which causes the cancellation in geometric phase effects. The analysis should generalize to other direct reactions. 相似文献
6.
采用座滴法研究了真空、1800 ℃下NiAl在碳、TiC、SiC和ZrC上的润湿性,并通过铺展实验和熔渗实验优化了NiAl改性C/C复合材料的活性添加元素及添加量。采用真空熔渗法制备NiAl改性C/C复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了复合材料的微观结构和渗透机制。结果表明,NiAl与C或SiC的润湿性较差,与TiC或ZrC的润湿性很好;添加Ti能改善NiAl和C的润湿性,Ti粉含量为15% (质量分数) 时,C/C 复合材料熔渗NiAl的效果最佳,NiAl渗透层的厚度为0.8~0.9 mm;添加Ti利于C/C复合材料渗NiAl的主要原因是Ti与C反应形成TiC,改善了NiAl在C/C复合材料中的化学吸附和物理吸附特性,NiAl通过毛细管力作用渗入到C/C复合材料坯体中。 相似文献
7.
王玲玲 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,26(2)
利用化学镀方法在铜基片上施镀了Ｆｅ－Ａｌ－Ｐ合金镀层。通过改变金属盐比率ＡｌＣｌ３／（ＡｌＣｌ３＋ＦｅＳＯ４）、金属盐ＡｌＣｌ３和还原剂ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２的浓度等参数，研究了合金镀层的沉积速率，成分，表面形貌及结构的变化规律，得到了最佳镀液配方，发现络合剂和还原剂的选择是提高镀层含Ａｌ量的关键。 相似文献
8.
9.
The effects of heavy metals' stress like aluminium (Al), bismuth (Bi), lithium (Li) and nickel (Ni) on photosynthetic ability of Horse gram plants inoculated with the four metal tolerant rhizobial strains were studied. Horse gram plants can grow in Al contaminated soils up to 400 μg g–1, at this concentration also they have shown maximum PS ability than in uninoculated plants when they were inoculated with the strain HGR-13. In soils containing Bi, the rate of PS increased up to 200 μg g–1 with the strain HGR-13 and 400 μg g–1 with the strain HGR-25. Li has shown significant changes on PS ability of horse gram plants. The PS ability of these plants increased with the strain HGR-6 up to 30 μg g–1 only. The plants inoculated with the strains HGR-4, 6 and 25 along with uninoculated plants have shown their maximum PS ability at 80 μg g–1 of Ni. The net PS ability of HGR-4 and HGR-6 was maximum than uninoculated plants. In conclusion, these plants were able to grow in Al, Bi, Li and Ni contaminated soils. The metal tolerant rhizobial strains enhanced the PS ability of horse gram plants when they were inoculated in metal contaminated soils. Horse gram plants and the rhizobia associated with it besides having the nitrogen fixing ability, also have heavy metal tolerance. So, it is concluded that horse gram plants can be used as reclamation agents and phytoremediation. 相似文献
10.
基于浙江省永康市市域范围内7种土地利用类型的采样点共计203个,利用描述性统计分析、单因素评价分析、内梅罗综合污染指数、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对研究区土壤表层重金属质量分数、污染程度和重金属相关关系及来源进行研究。结果表明:①永康市城市土壤表层重金属砷(As),钴(Co),铬(Cr),铜(Cu),锰(Mn),镍(Ni),铅(Pb),钛(Ti),钒(V),锌(Zn)的平均质量分数为6.57,10.57,119.55,22.978,528.51,22.45,37.67,5751.81,84.37,90.25 mg·kg-1;②研究区表层土壤均呈现为轻度及以上污染水平,重金属元素的平均单因素污染指数由大到小依次为铬＞镍＞钒＞钴＞钛＞铜＞锌＞锰＞铅＞砷;平均内梅罗综合污染指数由高到低排序为工业用地＞交通用地＞公园绿地＞住宅用地＞林地＞市政文教用地＞耕地。③永康市城市土壤表层中铬、铜、镍、铅、锌元素主要来源与当地的五金制造业和交通运输,砷和钒主要来源于工业与自然成土过程中的元素积累,钴和钛主要来源于五金制造业。图2表8参22 相似文献
11.
We report microstructural and isotopic analyses of two presolar Al2O3 grains. Aluminum oxide is important cosmically, because its presence has been detected in the infrared spectra of the circumstellar envelopes of O-rich asymptotic giant branch stars and because it is predicted to be the first solid to condense in these stellar environments. The two grain structures, one corundum and the other amorphous, confirm that asymptotic giant branch stars produce both phases. The variation in structure and Ti content demonstrates that Al2O3 can condense in the absence of TiO2 seed clusters but that Ti may be important in determining the crystal structure. 相似文献
12.
Experiments on melting and phase transformations on iron in a laser-heated, diamond-anvil cell to a pressure of 150 gigapascals (approximately 1.5 million atmospheres) show that iron melts at the central core pressure of 363.85 gigapascals at 6350 +/- 350 kelvin. The central core temperature corresponding to the upper temperature of iron melting is 6150 kelvin. The pressure dependence of iron melting temperature is such that a simple model can be used to explain the inner solid core and the outer liquid core. The inner core is nearly isothermal (6150 kelvin at the center to 6130 kelvin at the inner core-outer core boundary), is made of hexagonal closest-packed iron, and is about 1 percent solid (MgSiO(3) + MgO). By the inclusion of less than 2 percent of solid impurities with iron, the outer core densities along a thermal gradient (6130 kelvin at the base of the outer core and 4000 kelvin at the top) can be matched with the average seismic densities of the core. 相似文献
13.
应用地质累积指数分析城市颗粒物源解析土壤风沙尘的污染 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
TSP和PM10来源解析表明,土壤风沙尘是颗粒物的重要尘源,为此收集了源解析土壤风沙尘17种元素的质量浓度谱(成分谱),应用地质累积指数(以土壤元素背景值为背景浓度)来分析人类活动对城市颗粒物源解析土壤风沙尘的污染,为选择标识元素和治理风沙尘提供参考。结果表明:⑴粗颗粒土壤风沙尘中Al、K、Ti基本未受到人类活动的影响,Ca、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb已为中到强污染水平;⑵细颗粒土壤风沙尘中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ti、V、Fe、Ba、Mn未达到一般污染水平,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br元素达到较重的污染水平;⑶粗细颗粒元素地质累积指数城市间差别较大,细颗粒的地质累积指数相对高于粗颗粒元素的地质累积指数。 相似文献
14.
应用分子动力学方法模拟研究了Re在Ni和Ni3Al中的分布及其对材料微结构的影响.研究发现,Re的添加量影响Ni和Ni3Al晶体中空位的产生,但Re在Ni中对体系结构的破坏程度小于其在Ni3Al中占据Ni位时的程度.在Ni中,Re添加量较少且增大空位比时,其结构依然能保持稳定;随着Re数目的增多,空位比的增大,其影响逐渐变得明显.Re在Ni3Al中占据Ni,Re含量或空位比较小时,结构皆会出现局部不稳定.随着Re添加量的增多,结构的破坏程度加剧.然而Re占据Ni3Al中的Al位时其结构并未发生明显的变化,直至Re的添加量大至1%和空位比增至1%~1.5 % 时体系中才出现局部不稳定.相比而言,Re置换Al比置换Ni时对体系结构的影响较弱,在Ni3Al中Re占据Al位比占据Ni位更稳定. 相似文献
15.
盐分胁迫下番茄盐分离子和重金属的分布特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同盐分含量处理下番茄不同器官盐分离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+)和重金属离子(Cd2+、Pb2+、Cr2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Ni2+)的分布特征,探讨盐分离子对番茄不同器官吸收重金属离子的影响机制,为重金属污染盐渍土壤的农业可利用性评价提供科学依据。结果表明,番茄根、茎、叶和果实Na+含量均随盐分含量增加而增加;番茄根K+含量随盐分含量增加小幅上升,茎K+含量则显著下降,叶K+含量无显著变化;番茄各器官Ca2+含量随盐分含量增加无明显变化。番茄根Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn和Cu含量以及番茄茎、叶Cd含量均随盐分含量增加而增加;番茄根Ni含量、番茄茎叶Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn和Cu含量以及番茄果实各重金属含量受盐分含量变化影响不大。因此,土壤盐分含量的增加对番茄根部吸收重金属(Ni除外)有促进作用。 相似文献
16.
自组织特征映射神经网络技术（self-organizing map,SOM）因其强大的非线性拟合能力和可视化特点在土壤多维数据分析中具有独特的优势。将SOM技术应用于表层土壤多维数据分析,进而开展人工神经网络技术（artificial neural network,ANN）在环境领域的应用研究。以乌苏-奎屯-独山子-沙湾地区为研究区域,共采集199个表层土壤样本,分析得到22个土壤属性。利用SOM技术开展了土壤聚类分析、采样点优化、土壤属性相关性等研究。结果表明：研究区域土壤属性变异系数较高,土壤受人类活动影响明显,除pH外,其余21个土壤属性数据分布服从正态分布或对数正态分布。依据土壤内在的相关性及土壤属性的相似性,将土壤样本分为42组,综合考虑分组情况和采样点的空间分布特点,将土壤属性显著相似且空间相邻的24个采样点进行优化处理。土壤属性之间呈现一定的相关性,如OM与pH呈负相关性,而与ωH2O呈正相关性;OM与As、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Al、Co、Fe、Mo、Ti呈正相关性,但与K、Na、Sb呈负相关性;Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Co、Fe之间呈正相关性;Cd和Ni呈正相关性;Al和Ti具有较高的正相关性;而V、Hg、Pb、Sb相互间无显著相关性。 相似文献
17.
采用荧光光谱法和紫外光谱法研究了5种二价金属离子与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用,通过生物大分子猝灭反应机制和结合位点模型研究发现锌离子Zn2+,镍离子Ni2+,钴离子Co2+ 和钙离子Ca2+ 均可导致牛血清白蛋白内源荧光猝灭,Zn2+,Ni2+ 和Co2+ 离子半径处在正常范围,能有效进入牛血清白蛋白结合位点与牛血清白蛋白结合形成超分子配合物,使牛血清白蛋白的二级结构发生改变,主要表现为静态猝灭。Ca2+离子半径较大,受空间位阻影响不能有效进入结合位点对BSA二级结构影响较小,不能与BSA形成配合物,表现为动态猝灭;而Mg2+ 由于大的水合半径阻碍了Mg2+ 与牛血清白蛋白的有效碰撞,使电子或能量的转移受阻,从而导致Mg2+ 对牛血清白蛋白内源荧光无猝灭作用。图3表2参16 相似文献
18.
腐植酸对固废拆解地重金属污染土壤修复效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]探讨腐植酸对重金属污染土壤的修复效果。[方法]在固体废弃物拆解地重金属污染土壤中加入不同用量的滩涂泥提取的腐植酸,测定土壤中水溶态和有效态重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的含量。[结果]腐植酸能有效络合、吸附土壤中的重金属。加入腐植酸后,污染土壤中的水溶态和有效态重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的含量均明显下降。当100 g土样中加入30 mg腐植酸时,腐植酸对污染土壤中水溶态重金属Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni的去除率分别为38.6%、50.9%、45.5%、23.9%,对有效态重金属Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni的去除率分别为28.9%、64.7%、31.0%、53.5%。[结论]腐植酸可以有效修复固体废弃物拆解地重金属污染土壤,每100 g土壤中加入30 mg腐植酸最为合适。 相似文献
19.
A previously unknown solid phase of H2O has been identified by its peculiar growth patterns, distinct pressure-temperature melting relations, and vibrational Raman spectra. Morphologies of ice crystals and their pressure-temperature melting relations were directly observed in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell for H2O bulk densities between 1203 and 1257 kilograms per cubic meter at temperatures between -10 degrees and 50 degreesC. Under these conditions, four different ice forms were observed to melt: two stable phases, ice V and ice VI, and two metastable phases, ice IV and the new ice phase. The Raman spectra and crystal morphology are consistent with a disordered anisotropic structure with some similarities to ice VI. 相似文献
20.
Dogs given opportunities to base their instrumental conditioned responses in differentiation learning on either the quality of the auditory conditioned stimulus (for example, metronome versus buzzer) or the direction of its source (in front or behind) choose different cues in different tasks. In S(1)--> R(1), S(2)-->R(2) (left leg-right leg) differentiation they exclusively use directional cues and are almost unable to learn this task when only quality cues are available. When confronted with Pavlovian S +--> R, S ---> no R (go-no go) differentiation, however, they generally learn on the basis of quality cues, although some animals also attend to the directional cues. Thus an animal's success or failure in a given differentiation procedure depends not only on its ability to discriminate the stimuli but also on the task with which it is confronted. 相似文献