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1.
维生素D3在动物生产中的研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
维生素D3（vitaminD3，VD3）又名胆钙化醇（cholecalciferol），是畜禽重要的必需维生素之一。本文就VD3促进动物体钙、磷的吸收，提高免疫机能和繁殖性能，以及改善畜禽肌内嫩度等方面做一综述。 相似文献
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为研究饲料中添加维生素D_3对黄颡鱼基因表达的影响,实验基于RNA-Seq技术对用添加不同水平维生素D_3[0(VD0),1243(VD2),22700(VD20)IU/kg]的饲料喂养的黄颡鱼肾脏和小肠的转录组数据进行分析。通过对305 568982条原始reads的筛选和排除,得到了83 265条unigenes,平均长845.38 nt,N50为1620 nt。利用Blast等相关软件对数据进行深度分析,得到功能注释基因共29 224个。根据GO富集分析发现,差异表达基因主要集中在细胞过程、代谢通路、生物调控等通路中,KEGGpathway富集分析结果显示,代谢通路涉及基因最多,有1532个。相对于对照组,添加1243和22700 IU/kg的VD_3(VD0 vs VD2/VD0vs VD20)可得到共同上下调基因共380个,其中上调基因266个,下调基因114个;3种水平下共同上下调的基因共2 1个,其中上调基因4个,下调基因1 7个。研究表明,在饲料中添加不同浓度维生素D_3会对黄颡鱼的生长代谢和生物调控等相关基因表达产生影响,且不同浓度实验组,相关基因的表达存在差异。本实验通过对差异表达基因的后续分析及预测,为黄颡鱼的生长代谢及疾病预防等方面的研究提供了丰富的数据来源。 相似文献
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牛脂溶性维生素常见种类包括VA、VD和VE,牛主要通过日粮进行摄取,当日粮中有效成分含量不足,或因多种原因导致维生素在运输、储存过程中发生降解,或因疾病导致维生素吸收率下降时,牛很容易表现出相应的缺乏症状。因此,重点从VA、VD和VE三种维生素出发,详细阐述了其基本理化性质、功能用途、临床缺乏表现以及日常的防缺乏措施,以供参考。 相似文献
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维生素添加剂作为一种特殊的营养活性物质,已被大多数养殖户所认识,并已得到广泛应用。笔者经走访养殖户发现一个问题,就是养殖户在配合饲料时虽然按要求剂量将维生素添加剂加在畜禽日粮中,但畜禽仍屡发维生素缺乏症,影响畜禽的正常发育,给养殖业造成损失。为此,笔者就使用维生素添加剂应注意的事项谈一点个人看法。 相似文献
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脂溶性维生素E是一种有效的抗氧化剂，具有广泛的生理功能，能提高机体免疫力，缓解畜禽应激作用，提高种畜禽的繁殖性能及改善畜禽产品质量等。维生素E缺乏可导致机体免疫力下降，繁殖机能紊乱，造成很大的经济损失。 相似文献
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母猪繁殖性能的影响因子及调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>影响母猪繁殖性能的因素很多,如营养因素、季节因素、繁殖障碍性疾病等。1营养因素营养物质缺乏可以引起繁殖障碍,特别是维生素(VA、VE、VD、B族维生素)、微量元素(锌、锰、碘等)的缺乏,可造成产仔数少,发情不正常等,还会引起弱仔、畸形仔等,导致断奶前成活率降低。为了提高母猪的繁殖性 相似文献
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维生素E的研究与应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
维生素E具有抗氧化作用,有提高动物的免疫力、改善动物肉质、提高动物的繁殖性能和缓解畜禽应激反应的功能。在畜禽饲料中添加维生素E,可减少动物的发病率,提高成活率,改善肉、奶品质,延长其保存期,并能提高母畜的繁殖力和新生仔畜的成活率,是一种极有应用价值的维生素添加剂。 相似文献
11.
维生素E及脂肪源对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在大菱鲆饲料中分别添加鲤鱼鱼油及花生油作脂肪源,每种脂肪中添加两个水平的维生素E（8mg／kg和300mg／kg维生素E醋酸酯）,饲养大菱鲆84d,探讨其对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响。结果发现,（1）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆血清补体活性,而以花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆血清补体活性;（2）以鲤鱼鱼油和花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆中性粒细胞的吞噬率及白细胞总数;（3）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆的溶茵酶活性,但随着时间推移其影响减弱;（4）饲喂n-3HUFA含量高的饲料,对大菱鲆腹水病的抵抗能力高于n-3HUFA含量低的饲料。 相似文献
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Costadinos C. Mylonas Craig V. Sullivan Jeffrey M. Hinshaw 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(6):485-493
Gravid brown trout (Salmo trutta) females were injected with various doses of a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa), given with or without
an injection of triiodothyronine (T3), in order to investigate the potential of T3 (a) to enhance the stimulatory effect of GnRHa on ovulation, and (b) to enhance the growth and survival of the produced progeny.
From the time the hormonal treatments were initiated until ovulation was detected 5–38 days later, endogenous plasma T3 levels increased from an average of 3.6 to 11.6 ng ml−1. Injection with 20 mg T3 kg−1 body weight, further elevated plasma T3 levels at ovulation (16.0 ng ml−1. Mean time to ovulation was reduced significantly in fish injected with 10 μg kg−1 of GnRHa, whereas treatment with lower doses was ineffective. Injection with T3 did not enhance the ovulatory response of brown trout to GnRHa. Unfertilized eggs obtained from T3-injected females had a higher T3 content, suggesting a transfer of T3 from the maternal circulation into the oocytes. Maternal T3 injection had no effect on egg fertilization rates, embryo survival to eyeing and hatching, or the prevalence of abnormal
larvae at the time of hatching. Length and weight gain of the progeny during yolk absorption was also not influenced by maternal
T3 treatment. At the completion of yolk-sac absorption, progeny from females injected with T3 had a higher prevalence of skeletal abnormalities than controls. The results suggest that in teleosts like brown trout, which
have high endogenous circulating T3 levels, treatment of females with T3 does not enhance responsiveness to GnRHa and it has the potential for deleterious effects on their offspring. 相似文献
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Immunostimulant effects of nucleotide isolated from yeast RNA on carp, Cyprinus carpio L. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nucleotides from yeast RNA were evaluated for their ability to enhance the non-specific immune responses in carp, Cyprinus carpio . Oral administration of nucleotides to fish daily for 3 days resulted in enhanced responses of phagocytic and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activities in kidney phagocytic cells. This activation of kidney cells was observed for at least 10 days post-treatment. The serum complement and lysozyme activities also increased in fish treated with nucleotides. Furthermore, the number of Aeromonas hydrophila in nucleotide-treated fish significantly decreased in the blood, kidney and liver after intraperitoneal injection. Thus yeast nucleotides appear to enhance non-specific immune responses in fish. 相似文献
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Levamisole, a known T-cell stimulator and immunomodulator in mammals, has been demonstrated to enhance resistance to amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. When used in fresh water baths, dose rates of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 ppm levamisole stimulated resistance to reinfection with Paramoeba sp. that was evident from 2–3 weeks post-treatment. It is proposed that this response is related to enhancement of the non-specific immune system. 相似文献
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Catch-and-release science and its application to conservation and management of recreational fisheries 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract Catch-and-release angling is a well-established practice in recreational angler behaviour and fisheries management. Accompanying this is a growing body of catch-and-release research that can be applied to reduce injury, mortality and sublethal alterations in behaviour and physiology. Here, the status of catch-and-release research from a symposium on the topic is summarised. Several general themes emerged including the need to: (1) better connect sublethal assessments to population-level processes; (2) enhance understanding of the variation in fish, fishing practices and gear and their role in catch and release; (3) better understand animal welfare issues related to catch and release; (4) increase the exchange of information on fishing-induced stress, injury and mortality between the recreational and commercial fishing sectors; and (5) improve procedures for measuring and understanding the effect of catch-and-release angling. Through design of better catch-and-release studies, strategies could be developed to further minimise stress, injury and mortality arising from catch-and-release angling. These strategies, when integrated with other fish population and fishery characteristics, can be used by anglers and managers to sustain or enhance recreational fishing resources. 相似文献
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利用均匀设计法设计得到的12种培养基及对照Zarrouk培养基对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)S6品系进行培养,研究了在不同培养基下螺旋藻对无机氮的吸收利用。结果表明,螺旋藻可以同时以NO3-N 和NH4-N为氮源。NO3-N对螺旋藻是最为通用和安全的氮源,但添加浓度以11mmol/L左右最为适宜,既可满足藻体的最佳生长需求又可降低养殖成本;适宜浓度的NH4-N可促进螺旋藻的生长,浓度过高则会造成NH3中毒,NH4-N的添加量以1.27～2.57mmol/L范围最为适宜。 相似文献
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Jesse E. Filbrun Curtis A. Reynolds David A. Culver 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):198-209
Manufactured feeds are commonly added to earthen ponds to enhance growth and survival of juvenile fish. However, excessive feeding may decrease fish production efficiency and yields by causing hypoxia (dissolved oxygen, DO < 2 mg/L) and stimulating excessive phytoplankton, filamentous green algae, and vascular plant growth. In this study, we quantified the effects of manufactured feed addition (no feeding, 1%, or 3% body‐weight/day, BW/d) on DO and inorganic phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, plant abundance, and invertebrate prey production in ponds stocked with age‐0 channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. We found that the 3% BW/d ponds had lower DO concentrations and greater infestation by filamentous green algae (Rhizoclonium spp.) as compared to the 1% BW/d and no‐feeding ponds. Using stable N and carbon (C) isotopes to trace the fate of feed‐derived N and C in ponds, as well as analysis of zooplankton abundance, we determined that the supplied feed did not support or enhance production of natural invertebrate prey. To improve fish production efficiency, we recommend that managers leverage natural prey support of growth during early life, then adjust feeding levels to enhance growth of older fish and maintain suitable habitat quality. 相似文献
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This study investigated the effects of short and prolonged administration of a yeast beta-glucan on non-specific immune parameters, growth rate and the disease resistance of Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus. Fish fed with a basal diet (control) and test diet (basal diet supplemented with 0.1% glucan) for 1, 2 and 3 weeks were assayed for superoxide production, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) content, natural haemagglutinin level, complement and lysozyme activities. Fish were weighed at weekly intervals and specific growth rate (SGR, % increase in body weight per day) was determined. After each week, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to measure the level of protection. Results showed that glucan administration at 0.1% in feed, significantly (P<0.05) enhanced MPO and lysozyme levels, superoxide production, haemagglutination titre and level of protection against A. hydrophila challenge, irrespective of length of exposure. The alternative complement activity and SGR were not affected by the dietary supplementation of yeast glucan. As glucan feeding at 0.1% for 1 week is able to enhance the non-specific immunity and disease resistance of catfish efficiently, short-term feeding might be used in farmed catfish diets to enhance disease resistance. 相似文献
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以马氏珠母贝全脏器为原料提取，纯化后所得的珠母贝糖胺聚糖PG－3－2，经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳显示其迁移率相对接近于6－硫酸钦骨素（C－6－S），红外光谱类似于C－6－S。抗肿瘤试验结果显示：PG2－3－2对体内S180肉瘤和艾氏腹水癌可显著增敏临床抗癌药的抑瘤作用，抑瘤率分别达61．96％与46．3％。并有抗凝血作用。 相似文献
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蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪对改良鲫生长和肌肉营养的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验分别选用赤子爱胜蚓、赤子爱胜蚓粪为添加剂,配制成7组饲料,在网箱中投喂初始体重为(90.99±1.41)g改良鲫,100 d,每组3个重复.研究赤子爱胜蚓或其蚓粪对改良鲫生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响.结果显示:在添加蚯蚓组和添加蚓粪组中,改良鲫特定生长率分别在5.0％和4.0％处达到最大值分别为0.71±0.12和0.71±0.18.鲜蚯蚓的添加对改良鲫特定生长率影向不显著(P＞0.05).添加4.0％的蚓粪可以显著提高改良鲫的特定生长率(P＜0.05).饲料系数在添加蚯蚓组和添加蚓粪组中,分别在5.0％和4.0％处达到最低值分别为2.14±0.12和2.07±0.06.蚯蚓的添加对改良鲫饲料系数影响不显著(P＞0.05).4.0％蚓粪的添加与对照组相比可以显著降低改良鲫的饲料系数.在饲料中添加蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪皆可以提高改良鲫肌肉营养成分,但添加蚯蚓的效果更佳.赤子爱胜蚓和蚯蚓粪在改良鲫饲料中的适宜添加量分别为5.0％和4.0％. 相似文献