共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ayako Toma María Botero Omary Kurt A. Rosentrater Elizabeth A. Arndt Naruemon Prasopsunwattana Sutida Chongcham Rolando A. Flores Sylvia P. Lee 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(6):721-729
Consumption of whole grains as part of a health‐promoting diet is encouraged among Americans due to beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of whole barley flour particle size on consumer acceptance of whole grain and soluble fiber‐enriched tortillas; to examine the effect of demographic and behavioral data on consumer acceptance; and to establish relationships between consumer acceptance and survey results to identify market opportunities among particular groups of consumers. Four experimental tortillas and two representative commercial brands were tested by 95 untrained panelists using a 9‐point hedonic scale for appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. Demographic and behavioral data on age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of tortilla consumption, daily effort to include fiber in the diet, consumption of tortillas containing ≥1 g of dietary fiber/serving, consumption of low‐fat tortillas, and tortilla brands and type used were collected. Potential market segments for these tortillas include older consumers (41+), women, Hispanics, and Asians, and frequent tortilla consumers. A response surface relating flavor and texture to overall acceptability produced almost equivalent results to the multivariate PLS results in terms of predicting overall acceptability, which facilitates analysis and interpretation. 相似文献
2.
Physical, chemical, and sensory properties of cooked surimi seafood gels (crab analogue) fortified with omega-3 fatty acids (FA) were monitored during chilled storage. Three sources of stabilized omega-3 FA (fish oil concentrate, menhaden oil, and a purified marine oil) were each incorporated into gels to an omega-3 FA content of 1.5 or 2.5%, w/w. Omega-3 FA stability, development of off-flavors, and changes in color and texture were monitored during chilled storage for 2 months. Gels with fish oil concentrate developed fishy flavor and aroma within 30 days and were eliminated from the study. Gels containing menhaden oil and purified marine oil exhibited little change in sensory properties or oxidation products throughout 2 months of storage. Relative polyene index values (ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids) indicated that the omega-3 FA were stable at both levels of addition. Omega-3 fortified gels were whiter than control gels, and gel texture was modified when menhaden and purified oils were added but not significantly affected by the level of omega-3 addition. 相似文献
3.
Mycotoxins contaminate cereal grains worldwide, and their presence in pet food has been a potential health threat to companion animals. Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and Fusarium mycotoxins have been found in both raw ingredients and final products of pet food around the globe. Aflatoxin, a hepatotoxin and carcinogen, has caused several food poisoning outbreaks in dogs, and aflatoxin content is regulated in pet food in many countries. Ochratoxin A and Fusarium mycotoxins including trichothecenes, zearalenone, and fumonisins may have chronic effects on the health of companion animals. Grain processing, sampling error, analytical methods, conjugated mycotoxins, storage conditions, and synergistic interactions are common challenges faced by the pet food industry. Food-processing techniques such as sieving, washing, pearling, ozonation, and acid-based mold inhibition reduce the mycotoxin content of cereal grains. Dietary supplementation with large neutral amino acids, antioxidants, and omega-3 polysaturated fatty acids as well as inclusion of mycotoxin-sequestering agents and detoxifying microbes may ameliorate the harmful effects of mycotoxins in contaminated pet food. 相似文献
4.
Park Y Kelleher SD McClements DJ Decker EA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(3):597-601
Surimi containing omega-3 fatty acids from algal oil was prepared by the addition of oil-in-water emulsions or bulk oil. Emulsion and bulk oil were added separately to surimi to provide approximately 500 mg of omega-3 fatty acids per serving of surimi (85 g). Addition of the emulsion had no effect on surimi gel strength, whereas bulk oil decreased gel strength an average of 31%. All surimi treatments containing algal oil increased in Hunter b values due to the presence of carotenoids in the oil. Among cryoprotectants, sodium tripolyphosphate was the major surimi additive responsible for retarding the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS formation was lower in surimi containing bulk oil compared to surimi with emulsified oil. Both EDTA and lipid soluble antioxidants were able to decrease lipid oxidation in surimi fortified with omega-3 fatty acids. This suggests that surimi containing nutritionally beneficial omega-3 fatty acids could be developed with good oxidative stability and gel strength. 相似文献
5.
Pazos M Alonso A Sánchez I Medina I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3334-3340
Hydroxytyrosol, a natural phenolic compound obtained from olive oil byproduct, was characterized as an antioxidant in three different foodstuffs rich in fish lipids: (a) bulk cod liver oil (40% of omega-3 PUFAs), (b) cod liver oil-in-water emulsions (4% of omega-3 PUFAs), and (c) frozen minced horse mackerel ( Trachurus trachurus) muscle. Hydroxytyrosol was evaluated at different concentration levels (10, 50, and 100 ppm), and its antioxidant capacity was compared against that of a synthetic phenolic, propyl gallate. Results proved the efficiency of hydroxytyrosol to inhibit the formation of lipid oxidation products in all tested food systems, although two different optimal antioxidant concentrations were observed. In bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsions, a higher oxidative stability was achieved by increasing the concentration of hydroxytyrosol, whereas an intermediate concentration (50 ppm) showed more efficiency, delaying lipid oxidation in frozen minced fish muscle. The endogenous depletion of alpha-tocopherol and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) was also inhibited by supplementing hydroxytyrosol in minced muscle; however, the consumption of the endogenous total glutathione was not efficiently reduced by either hydroxytyrosol or propyl gallate. A concentration of 50 ppm of hydroxytyrosol was best to maintain a longer initial level of alpha-tocopherol (approximately 300 microg/g of fat), whereas both 50 and 100 ppm of hydroxytyrosol were able to preserve completely omega-3 PUFAs. Hydroxytyrosol and propyl gallate showed comparable antioxidant activities in emulsions and frozen fish muscle, and propyl gallate exhibited better antioxidant efficiency in bulk fish oil. 相似文献
6.
7.
Karapanagiotidis IT Bell MV Little DC Yakupitiyage A Rakshit SK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4304-4310
The total lipid content and fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) from different culture systems and from the natural and artificial environment of Thailand were compared. Wild fish and fish reared under the most extensive conditions had a more favorable fatty acid profile for human consumption as they contained higher proportions of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, higher n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios, and lower proportions of 18:2n-6. The muscle tissue of intensively cultured fish was characterized by increased fat deposition that was mainly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and 18:2n-6. It is undesirable for the consumer to reduce 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in farmed tilapia and replace them with elevated 18:2n-6. It is recommended that the amount of 18:2n-6 in the feed of the intensively reared tilapia should be reduced by substituting vegetable oils rich in 18:2n-6 with oils rich in 18:1n-9 and/or 18:3n-3. 相似文献
8.
9.
Tesedo J Barrado E Sanz MA Tesedo A de la Rosa F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(17):6255-6260
The fatty acid compositions of egg yolks subjected to industrial processing treatments, namely, homogenization, pasteurization, drying, and "omega-3-enrichment", were studied. In general, the total contents of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n-9, and C18:2 n-6 fatty acids accounted for close to 90% of the total fatty acids. Statistical analysis of the data revealed correlations among the fatty acids; significant differences existed depending on the egg source and type of processing. Yolk samples enriched with omega-3 fatty acids clustered together owing to their higher C16:0, C16:1 n-7, C18:3 n-6, and C24:0 contents. Nonpasteurized/non-heat-treated samples formed another cluster because of their higher C18:1 n-11 and C18:1 n-9 contents, and the remaining samples formed another group due to their higher proportions of C18:0, C18:2 n-6, and C20:4 n-6. The relative proportions of essential fatty acids were similar in the four types of samples examined. 相似文献
10.
Oxidation process affecting fatty acids and cholesterol in fried and roasted salmon. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Salmon was processed by three different culinary techniques: pan-frying with olive oil, pan-frying with soya oil, and roasting. Roasting did not modify the fat content from that of raw samples. Frying increased the fat content 2-fold, with no difference between samples fried with different oils. Total cholesterol oxidized products (COPs) were 0.74, 2.98, 3.35, and 7.38 microg/g fat in raw, fried with olive oil, fried with soya oil, and roasted salmon, respectively, which represent 0.01, 0.08, 0.09, and 0.15% of cholesterol. A significant correlation (r = 0.902, < or = 0.01) was found between acidity index and total COPs. The most abundant COPs were 7-ketocholesterol, which appeared in all the samples, and cholestanetriol (one of the most citotoxic COP), which appeared only in cooked samples (1.05-1.33 microg/g fat). All cooked samples supplied more omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than raw samples and showed higher omega-6/omega-3 ratios. Roasted salmon showed the lowest omega-3 content and the highest PUFAs/(SFAs)-C18:0 and MUFAs+PUFAs/(SFAs-C18:0) ratios. 相似文献
11.
12.
Jacobs MN Covaci A Gheorghe A Schepens P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1780-1788
In addition to being used in the food and animal feed industry, fish oils have also been used traditionally as dietary supplements. Due to the presence of long-chain n-3 fatty acids, fish oils have therapeutic benefits in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, immunological, and arthritic diseases, as well as childhood deficiency diseases such as rickets, because of a high content of vitamin D. However, fish oils are also susceptible to contamination with lipophilic organic chemicals that are now ubiquitous contaminants of marine ecosystems. Many vegetable oils are sources of the shorter chain precursor forms of n-3 fatty acids, and in recent years the specialist dietary supplement market has expanded to include these oils in a variety of different formulations. This paper reports analytical results of selected contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, for a range of commercially available n-3 fatty acid rich fish and vegetable oil dietary supplements. Using principal component analysis, the values are compared with historic samples to elucidate time trends in contamination profiles. Levels of contaminants are discussed in relation to the nutritional benefits to the consumer of long- and short-chain forms of n-3 fatty acids. 相似文献
13.
间作作为一种可持续发展的种植模式不仅具有产量和养分获取的优势,而且能够保证粮食安全、降低作物减产风险。在众多间作组合中,豆科禾本科作物间作由于种间促进及生态位互补作用,而在世界范围内被广泛应用。根际是作物-土壤-微生物相互作用的界面,是养分、水分及有害物质从土壤进入作物系统参与食物链物质循环的必经门户,在根际中所发生的生物过程不仅决定着养分的供应量和有效性,而且也影响着作物的生产力和养分利用效率。因此,本文从豆科禾本科间作的根际生物过程角度出发,综述了豆科禾本科间作对根系形态、根际微生物、根系分泌物及其生态效应的研究进展,为豆科禾本科间作体系在修复重金属污染土壤、提高土壤中养分有效性以及植物遗传改良等方面的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
Lawrence M 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(8):1235-1241
OBJECTIVE: To identify challenges in translating scientific evidence of a nutrient and health relationship into mandatory food fortification policy. DESIGN: A case study approach was used in which available evidence associated with the folate-neural tube defect relationship was reviewed against the Australia New Zealand Food Regulation Ministerial Council's Policy Guideline for mandatory food fortification. RESULTS: Three particular challenges were identified. The first is knowing when and how to act in the face of scientific uncertainty. The second is knowing how to address the special needs of at-risk individuals without compromising the health and safety of the population as a whole. The third is to ensure that a policy is sufficiently monitored and evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of compelling evidence of a relationship between a particular nutrient and a health outcome, a definitive policy response may not be apparent. Judgement and interpretation inevitably play significant roles in influencing whether and how authorities translate scientific evidence into mandatory food fortification policy. In relation to the case study, it would be prudent to undertake a risk-benefit analysis of policy alternatives and to implement nutrition education activities to promote folic acid supplement use among the target group. Should mandatory folate fortification be implemented, comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of this policy will be essential to know that it is implemented as planned and does more good than harm. In relation to mandatory food fortification policy-making around the world, ongoing national nutrition surveys are required to complement national policy guidelines. 相似文献
15.
Nino M. Binns 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(2):162-166
Whole grain and whole grain foods enjoy recommendation as part of many national and international dietary guidelines. However, if the food industry makes claims for the health benefits of whole grain foods, then a raft of regulatory requirements must be met in the European Union (EU). Under the relatively recent EU Regulation on nutrition and health claims made on foods, any nutrition claims about the energy, nutrients, fiber, or other beneficial substances the food contains need to comply with the Annex of that Regulation. As far as health claims are concerned, until the Community list of approved so‐called Article 13 claims is published, food businesses may use any health claims that can be validated by scientific evidence, providing that they meet any specific requirements of the Regulation that are applicable prior to that date and providing they are not 1) prohibited claims or 2) claims referring to a reduction in the risk of disease or a disease risk factor or 3) referring to children's development and health or 4) claims that have been rejected by the EU regulatory procedure. Claims under 2) or 3) require submission of a dossier. Once the Community list of health Article 13 claims is published, then only those claims included in the list or those claims approved following submission of a dossier to the European Food Safety Authority may be used. Whole grain foods making nutrition and health claims will also ultimately have to respect the nutrient profiles that will be established under Article 4 of the Regulation. Various definitions of what counts as a whole grain food have been proposed but none has regulatory standing in EU. The conditions of use that will be documented as part of the EU‐approved list of health claims may in essence establish a definition. 相似文献
16.
Mardones F Urrutia MT Villarroel L Rioseco A Castillo O Rozowski J Tapia JL Bastias G Bacallao J Rojas I 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(1):30-40
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that maternal food fortification with omega-3 fatty acids and multiple micronutrients increases birth weight and gestation duration, as primary outcomes. DESIGN: Non-blinded, randomised controlled study. SETTING: Pregnant women received powdered milk during their health check-ups at 19 antenatal clinics and delivered at two maternity hospitals in Santiago, Chile. SUBJECT: Pregnant women were assigned to receive regular powdered milk (n = 477) or a milk product fortified with multiple micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids (n = 495). RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that mean birth weight was higher in the intervention group than in controls (65.4 g difference, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5-126 g; P = 0.03) and the incidence of very preterm birth (0.80 just for mean birth weight and birth length in the on-treatment analysis; birth length in that analysis had a difference of 0.57 cm (95% CI 0.19-0.96 cm; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The new intervention resulted in increased mean birth weight. Associations with gestation duration and most secondary outcomes need a larger sample size for confirmation. 相似文献
17.
黑米皮的营养与抗氧化评价及其加工处理的保质效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了黑米皮的主要营养成分、活性物质含量及总抗氧化能力，比较了热烘烤、微波加热和挤压膨化处理等加工工艺对黑米皮活性物质和总抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明，黑米皮的总黄酮、总花色苷及总抗氧化能力明显高于精米的，占黑米重12%的黑米皮的总黄酮、总花色苷和总抗氧化能力均占到整粒黑米的98%以上。黑米皮含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维、维生素和矿物质等营养成分，氨基酸种类齐全，结构合理，必需氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸比例均较高，可视为黑米营养成分和活性物质的主要载体。热烘烤、微波加热和挤压膨化3种加工方法对黑米皮总黄酮、总花色苷及总抗氧化能力的影响不尽相同，其中，挤压膨化处理的影响较小，微波处理的其次，热烘烤处理的影响较大。经挤压膨化处理后黑米皮的过氧化值和酸价变化较平缓，保质效果稳定，可作为黑米皮保藏的首选工艺。 相似文献
18.
Abel Duarte Alonso 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(4):307-321
This study examines farmer-consumer interactions from the perspective of 30 Alabama farmers that are predominantly selling their produce directly to consumers via farmers’ markets, on-site sales, and roadside markets. The findings demonstrate that respondents are actively engaged in educating consumers in several ways; for instance, providing recommendations and food tastings, while those growers that are involved in agritourism are—whether consciously or unconsciously—also educating visitors about the farm and its produce. Clearly, the importance of direct sales may be a compelling argument for farmers to be involved in educational activities. However, given the current emphasis that government, consumer groups, and consumers themselves are placing on healthier diets and the social aspect of local food consumption, the future implications for food growers with regard to consumer education may extend beyond the sales aspect. 相似文献
19.
Liang Y Garcia RA Piazza GJ Wen Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11990-11996
Rendered animal proteins are well suited for animal nutrition applications, but the market is maturing, and there is a need to develop new uses for these products. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility of using animal proteins as a nutrient source for microbial production of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the microalga Schizochytrium limacinum and the fungus Pythium irregulare. To be absorbed by the microorganisms, the proteins needed to be hydrolyzed into small peptides and free amino acids. The utility of the protein hydrolysates for microorganisms depended on the hydrolysis method used and the type of microorganism. The enzymatic hydrolysates supported better cell growth performance than the alkali hydrolysates did. P. irregulare displayed better overall growth performance on the experimental hydrolysates compared to S. limacinum. When P. irregulare was grown in medium containing 10 g/L enzymatic hydrolysate derived from meat and bone meal or feather meal, the performance of cell growth, lipid synthesis, and omega-3 fatty acid production was comparable to the that of culture using commercial yeast extract. The fungal biomass derived from the animal proteins had 26-29% lipid, 32-34% protein, 34-39% carbohydrate, and <2% ash content. The results show that it is possible to develop a nonfeed application for rendered animal protein by hydrolysis of the protein and feeding to industrial microorganisms which can produce omega-3 fatty acids for making omega-3-fortified foods or feeds. 相似文献
20.
Airanthi MK Sasaki N Iwasaki S Baba N Abe M Hosokawa M Miyashita K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):4156-4163
Brown seaweed lipids from Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), Sargassum horneri (Akamoku), and Cystoseira hakodatensis (Uganomoku) contained several bioactive compounds, namely, fucoxanthin, polyphenols, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fucoxanthin and polyphenol contents of Akamoku and Uganomoku lipids were higher than those of Wakame lipids, while Wakame lipids showed higher total omega-3 PUFA content than Akamoku and Uganomoku lipids. The levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in liver lipids of KK-A(y) mouse significantly increased by Akamoku and Uganomoku lipid feeding as compared with the control, but not by Wakame lipid feeding. Fucoxanthin has been reported to accelerate the bioconversion of omega-3 PUFA and omega-6 PUFA to DHA and AA, respectively. The higher hepatic DHA and AA level of mice fed Akamoku and Uganomoku lipids would be attributed to the higher content of fucoxanthin of Akamoku and Uganomoku lipids. The lipid hydroperoxide levels of the liver of mice fed brown seaweed lipids were significantly lower than those of control mice, even though total PUFA content was higher in the liver of mice fed brown seaweed lipids. This would be, at least in part, due to the antioxidant activity of fucoxanthin metabolites in the liver. 相似文献