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1.
U Jacobi L Vrzgula J Blazovsky I Havassy V Ledecky P Bartko 《Veterinární medicína》1984,29(4):207-216
If easily digestible saccharides are deficient in the feed ration of bulls with the live weight of 300 kg and at simultaneous single application of urea at a rate of 0.2 g per 1 kg live weight, zeolite (with 50.6% clinoptilolite content) administered at a rate of 2.5% per 1 kg dry matter influenced significantly (P less than 0.05) the ammonia concentration in rumen, v. portae and v. jugularis. The rumen contents and blood were sampled at the intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 minutes after feeding. Basal feed ration consisted of 1 kg feed mixture and 3 kg meadow hay. After urea administration, zeolite reduced the ammonia concentration in rumen by 20-40% in comparison with the control group and in v. portae by 60-70%. In v. jugularis in the 90th minute after feeding significant hyperammonemia was observed in bulls with no zeolite supplement. Zeolite administration did not influence urea concentration in plasma. 相似文献
2.
2 test pigs each (male castrated pigs) of an average live weight of 51-71 kg received either a wheat/fish meal diet (Ia) or a wheat/horse bean diet (IIa). Due to a supplement of partly hydrolysed straw meal the crude fibre content was increased from 3.0% (= Ia) to 10.1% (= Ib) and from 5.2% (= IIa) to 12.1% (= IIb) in the dry matter. This straw meal supplement decreased the apparent digestibility of the crude protein in I from 92.5 to 85.7% and in II from 89.0 to 79.0%. N-excretion in faeces/100 g DM-intake followed the regression line: y = 228 + 31.2x(r = 0.98) y = mg N/100 g DM-intake x = % crude fibre in the DM of the diet The excretion in faeces/100 g DM-intake of 15 investigated amino acids, too, in each case showed a significant increase with the rising crude fibre content of the diet. The widest growth angle (tan alpha) of all the essential amino acids investigated was shown by lysine and those amino acids with branched chains. The conclusion is that in the presence of a fermentable crude fibre source and a good N-supply those 4 amino acids show a suitable bacterial synthesis rate and a low decomposition rate. 相似文献
3.
In the mixed crop-livestock farming system of Ethiopia where crop residues are the major feed resources and concentrate supplement feeds are not common, home-grown legume protein sources can help to minimise the feed problem. A 69-day feeding experiment on sheep was conducted to evaluate the potential of sweet blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivar Sanabor seed as a substitute for commercial concentrate supplement. Thirty yearling male intact Washera sheep with initial body weight of 21 ± 1.38 kg (mean ± SD) were used. The design was a randomised complete block design with six replications. The five experimental supplement feeds were 453 g concentrate (T1), 342 g concentrate + 74 g lupin seed (T2), 228 g concentrate + 147 g lupin seed (T3), 116 g concentrate + 219 g lupin seed (T4) and 290 g lupin seed (T5) in dry matter basis to supplement around 100 g crude protein per day per animal. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in total dry matter, crude protein, ash and organic matter intakes among treatments. The average daily body weight gain for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 was 91, 79, 79, 87 and 74 g/day, respectively, and this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that blue lupin seed has a potential to substitute the commercial concentrate supplement feed in Ethiopia. 相似文献
4.
A study on mineral metabolism and conversion of nutrients by applying sodium monensinate, 125 mg per head and day, in cattle fattening was performed. This experiment was realized under production conditions in the fattening station of pavillion type for 367 days and included 985 bulls of Bohemian Spotted cattle. The feed ration consisted of maize silage with addition of dried poultry bedding and concentrates. At the beginning of the experiment the appetite antipathy was observed, the adaptation period lasted 4 weeks. During the adaptation period the weight gains decreased; after adaptation of animals to monensin the weight gain not only counter-poised, but in comparison with the control it increased. Throughout the experiment no health disorders connected with the applied additive were observed. In the rumen fluid the content of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron was followed. In the blood plasma the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron were followed. The application of sodium monensinate did not affect the followed parameters of mineral metabolism. The experiment was aimed at the evaluation of production and operational parameters with a view to the weight gain and feed conversion. In the experimental group the weight gain was higher by 3.85%. The saving of maize silage in the experimental group amounted to 5.8%, by using of this additive the saving of concentrates amounted to 1.35%. In the experimental group the feed conversion converted to dry matter increased by 7.12%. Sodium monensinate at the dose of 125 mg per head and day had positive effect on the followed production and economic parameters. 相似文献
5.
Fabian J Chiba LI Kuhlers DL Frobish LT Nadarajah K Kerth CR McElhenney WH Lewis AJ 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(10):2610-2618
A total of 32 select line (SL) and 32 control line (CL) Duroc pigs were used in two trials to determine the effect of dietary amino acid contents during the grower (G) phase and selection for lean growth efficiency on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. In each trial, pigs weighing 20 kg were assigned to 16 pens with two gilts or two castrated males per pen, and pens were randomly assigned within the genetic line to corn-soybean meal G diets formulated to contain 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, or 11.0 g lysine/kg. After 50 kg, all pigs were fed common finisher 1 (F1) and finisher 2 (F2) diets. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. After the initial statistical analyses, the data sets from the two trials were combined. During the G phase, pigs consumed less feed [linear (Ln), P < 0.001] and more lysine (Ln, P < 0.001), grew faster (Ln, P < 0.05) but utilized feed more and lysine less efficiently (Ln, P < 0.001) for weight gain as the amino acid content of G diets increased. Increasing dietary amino acids resulted in less ultrasound backfat (Ln, P < 0.001) and more serum urea nitrogen [Ln, P < 0.001; quadratic (Qd), P < 0.01] at the end of the G phase. Pigs grew more slowly during the F1 (Ln, P < 0.01 and Qd, P = 0.05) and F2 (Ln, P = 0.07) phases and utilized feed and lysine less efficiently (Ln, P < 0.05) for weight gain during the F1 phase as the amino acid content of G diets increased. The grower diet had no effect on overall weight gain and feed efficiency, carcass traits, or meat quality scores. The efficiency of lysine utilization for overall weight gain (Ln, P < 0.001) and lean accretion (Ln, P < 0.05) improved as the amino acid content of G diets decreased. The SL pigs grew faster (P < 0.05) and had less (P < 0.001) ultrasound backfat throughout the study compared with the CL pigs. The SL pigs had less 10th rib backfat (P < 0.001) and tended to have larger longissimus muscle area (P = 0.09) than the CL pigs, which were reflected in greater rate (P < 0.001) and efficiency (P < 0.05) of lean accretion. Marbling (P < 0.05) and meat color (P = 0.07) scores were lower in the SL pigs. No grower diet x genotype interactions were observed in response criteria of interest. The results indicate that pigs subjected to dietary amino acid restrictions during the G phase (as low as 5.0 g lysine/kg) compensated completely in terms of growth rate and body composition regardless of the genotype. Compensatory growth can have a positive impact not only on the overall efficiency of pig production but also on the environment by reducing excretion of unused nutrients. 相似文献
6.
7.
Barrows with an average initial weight of 55 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum. The animals were fed a protein-free diet that consisted of 79.7% cornstarch, 10% sucrose, 3% Alphafloc (a source of cellulose), 3% canola oil and a vitamin-mineral premix. The pigs were fed 700 g of diet twice each day, at 0800 and 2000. A balanced amino acid mixture or a saline solution was administered intravenously while the protein-free diet was fed. Ileal digesta were collected for 24 h following a 7-d adaptation period. The administration of amino acids reduced (P less than .05) the recovery of endogenous protein from 18.5 to 12.7 g per kg dry matter intake. For the amino acids, the reduction was only significant (P less than .05) for proline, from 3.6 to .6 g per kg dry matter intake. If the total endogenous protein losses are assumed to be constant and the differences in the amino acid composition of non-reabsorbed endogenous protein, as observed in this study, are used to calculate true ileal digestibilities, differences in the digestibilities of the indispensable amino acids are large (up to 7.4 percentage units for threonine). The amino acid composition of endogenous protein determined in pigs fed a protein-free diet and parenterally administered with amino acids should provide a better estimate for the calculation of true amino acid digestibilities when based on the determination of true protein digestibility by the 15N-isotope dilution technique. 相似文献
8.
In 5 experiments with 1,296 laying hybrids at the age of 22-73 weeks producing eggs for consumption a varied supplementation of between 0 and 20 mg vitamin E per kg of a semisynthetic ration was tested. The vitamin E content of the basal ration was less than 1 mg per kg feed. The quotas of selenium and unsaturated fatty acids in the feed were taken into consideration. Vitamin E and Se supplements did not influence, feed intake, laying, performance, feed efficiency/100 g egg development of body weight and mortality. The supplementation of 14% vitamin-E-free sunflower oil caused a significant decrease of the laying performance by 15%. There was no relation between the humoral immune reaction and vitamin E supply. The peroxide value of the abdominal fat and the activities of the creatine phosphokinase, the aspartate and alanine amino transferase in the blood serum were not directionally changed by the vitamin E, Se and oil supplements. There were no significant relations between the vitamin E content of the feed and that of the yolk and the yolk sac of the chicken. A vitamin E requirement of less than 1 mg and a requirement norm, including a safety margin, of 5 mg per kg feed was derived from the results for laying hens for egg production. A supplement of synthetic vitamin E to laying hen feed is thus not necessary. 相似文献
9.
Tuula Dahlman Jarmo Valaja Paavo Niemelä Taina Jalava 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):174-182
The influence of dietary protein content and composition on growing-furring blue fox ( Alopex lagopus ) was studied with three protein levels [15%, 22.5% and 30% of metabolizable energy (ME) from protein]. The two lowest diets were fed as such, or as supplemented with L-methionine or lysine. Growth, from the start of the experiment in July to mid-September, improved with increasing protein level ( P < 0.01). Lysine supplementation, unlike methionine, decreased early growth ( P <0.05). During the last months of the experimental period, differences in weight gain between the groups evened out. Skin length and quality declined with decreasing protein level ( P <0.05). Methionine and lysine had opposite effects on skin length ( P <0.10). For normal body growth and skin length, a level of 0.40 g of digestible L-methionine MJ -1 ME, and 25-32% protein in feed dry matter, was required. When feed ingredients are deficient in methionine, a supplementation is recommended. Methionine is the first limiting amino acid of the two amino acids studied here. 相似文献
10.
3种植物添加剂对惠阳胡须鸡肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸组成与含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究绿茶粉、桑叶粉和大蒜粉对鸡肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸含量和组成的影响，为植物添加剂在惠阳胡须鸡生产中的应用提供理论依据。选取120只120日龄体重相同、健康的惠阳胡须母鸡，随机分成4个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复10只。试验Ⅰ组，饲喂基础日粮+2%绿茶粉；试验Ⅱ组，饲喂基础日粮+4%桑叶粉；试验Ⅲ组，饲喂基础日粮+1.5%大蒜粉；对照组，饲喂基础日粮，预试验7 d，正式试验30 d。饲养试验结束后，每个处理随机选取10只鸡进行屠宰。每只屠宰鸡取同一部位胸肌100 g，通过氨基酸自动分析仪测定肌肉中氨基酸的组成和含量，通过气相色谱仪测定肌肉中脂肪酸的组成和含量。试验结果表明：①日粮中添加植物添加剂对肌肉中氨基酸的组成没有影响，但对肌肉中氨基酸的含量有影响，试验组必需氨基酸含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；②日粮中添加植物添加剂对肌肉中脂肪酸的组成没有影响，但对肌肉中脂肪酸的含量有影响，对照组总饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于3个试验组（P<0.05），而3个试验组总多不饱和脂肪酸含量/总饱和脂肪酸含量的比值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，日粮中添加植物添加剂不影响肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成，但影响肌肉中两者的含量，显著降低鸡肌肉中饱和脂肪酸的含量，提高多不饱和脂肪酸的比例，增加必需氨基酸含量。因此，日粮中添加植物添加剂可改善惠阳胡须鸡肌肉品质。 相似文献
11.
Two groups of bullocks, each consisting of 125 animals, were subjected to a trial to study the effect of monensin (Rumensin premix) administered at doses from 125 to 175 mg per head/day on rumen fermentation and weight gains. For 135 days the animals were given a diet based on green juicy forage with a supplement of chopped straw and concentrate mixture; this mixture contained 20-30% of dried poultry droppings. In the experimental group with monensin, the concentration of total and protein nitrogen and the molar percentage of propionic acid significantly increased (23.7 and 28.5%, respectively, P less than 0.01) and the acetate: propionate ratio decreased four hours after feeding. Further, the energy yield of the production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) significantly increased in the rumen contents (76.89%, 78.64%, respectively, P less than 0.05). The levels of ammonia and non-protein nitrogen were not affected by the addition of monensin. The average daily live weight gains were 713 g in the control group and 800 g in the experimental group; this means that the gains of the experimental animals rose by 12.2%. Monensin had a positive influence on the proportions of the rumen-produced VFA in favour of propionic acid which, in turn, favourably influenced the energy balance of nutrient conversion and efficiency. 相似文献
12.
本试验旨在探讨鱤幼鱼对晶体氨基酸的利用效果,并在此基础上确定鱤幼鱼赖氨酸的需求量.试验设计7组等氮饲料,其中对照组饲料蛋白质源全部为结合蛋白(鱼粉和酪蛋白),试验组饲料在对照组饲料的基础上利用晶体氨基酸替代部分酪蛋白,并通过添加不同水平的L-赖氨酸盐酸盐使赖氨酸水平在1.9％～4.5％之间(0.5％的梯度).试验选取初始体重为(2.36±0.08)g的鱤幼鱼378尾,随机分为7组(每组3个重复,每个重复18尾鱼),每组随机饲喂1种试验饲料.试验期为8周.结果表明:使用晶体氨基酸替代部分酪蛋白后,鱤幼鱼的生长性能虽有不同程度的下降,但3.46％和3.94％组的特定生长率与对照组无显著差异(P＜0.05),2.45％、2.95％、3.46％和3.94％组的饲料系数与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05).各试验组的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).鱤幼鱼的增重率,特定生长率,干物质和蛋白质表观消化率,肝胰脏脂肪酶活性,血清总蛋白、总胆固醇含量以及血清碱性磷酸酶活性均随饲料赖氨酸水平的升高而呈现先升高后降低的趋势.综上所述,鱤幼鱼可以利用饲料中的晶体氨基酸,利用效果与饲料氨基酸组成的平衡性有关;以增重率为指标,通过二次曲线模型得出鱤幼鱼赖氨酸需求量为饲料干重的3.40％(饲料粗蛋白质含量为饲料干重的46％). 相似文献
13.
Nine barrows with an average initial weight of 60 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum. The animals were fed four different protein-free diets according to an incomplete latin square design. Diet 1 (control diet) consisted of 79.7% cornstarch, 10% sucrose, 3% Alphafloc (a source of cellulose), 3% canola oil and a vitamin-mineral premix. Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained, respectively, 4% pectin, an additional 7% cellulose and an additional 10% canola oil, each included at the expense of cornstarch. Feces were collected during 3 d following a 7-d adaptation period. Thereafter, digesta were collected during two 24-h periods with a 24-interval between periods. The pigs were fed 800 g of feed twice at 0800 and 2000. Added pectin increased (P less than .05) the recovery of endogenous protein in ileal digesta from 19.8 diet (diet 1) to 24.0 g per kg dry matter intake. This increment was largely due to increases (P less than .05) in glycine and proline from 1.9 to 2.4 and from 6.2 to 8.4 g per kg dry matter intake, respectively. In feces, only added cellulose increased (P less than .05) excretion of endogenous protein (8.4 vs 11.1 g/kg DM intake) and of most amino acids. Including additional fat did not affect the quantity of endogenous protein and amino acids recovered in ileal digesta or feces. Small but significant differences (P less than .05) were observed in the amino acid composition of endogenous protein recovered in ileal digesta when the different protein-free diets were fed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
14.
不同铜添加水平对肉牛铜代谢及肥育性能的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
选用 2 4头西门塔尔杂种阉牛 ,随机分为 3组 ,进行了日粮中不同铜添加水平 ( 0、5、1 0mg/kgDM)对强度肥育条件下肉牛铜代谢及肥育性能影响的研究。结果表明 ,肉牛低铜日粮中 (约含铜 4mg/kgDM)长期添加铜 5mg/kgDM ,可提高血浆铜浓度和血红蛋白水平 ,增加干物质采食量 ,促进生长和提高日增重 ,提高饲料转化率和降低饲料消耗 ,获得较薄的背脂和较大的眼肌面积 ,且不影响屠宰率与大理石花纹等级。添加铜对干物质采食量、日增重及饲料转化率的影响又以使用精料型日粮的肥育后期较为明显 相似文献
15.
Eight variants of recipes for mixtures of straw and concentrated feed with 10 to 60 per cent straw more or less finely ground (86 to 314 g crude fibre per kg dry matter) and fattening feed for lambs (50 g crude fibre per kg dry matter) were checked concerning the digestibility of crude nutrients for fullgrown wethers and 60 to 80-, 80 to 100-and 100 to 120-day-old lambs which had been ablactated at an age of 60 days. The digestibility for wethers was significantly higher than for lambs, between the age groups of which there were no significant differences concerning the digestibility. In accordance with the results with rations on the basis of concentrated feed as checked and described in the first piece of information, the content of crude fibres in the rations had a negative influence on the digestibility of organic matter, NFE and energy whereas there was a positive relation with the digestibility of crude fibres. The regression functions established for mixtures of straw and concentrated feed concerning the dependence of the digestibility on the content of crude fibres showed a relatively good coincidence in the range of a low content of crude fibres with the corresponding regression functions which were described in the first piece of information for rations of concentrated feed. The equations for the digestibility of crude fibres were an exception. In contrast to this, the quantitative relations between crude fibres and the digestibility as established in the first piece of information for rations with a low content of crude fibres cannot be transferred to rations with a higher content of crude fibres. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined low-protein, low-phosphorus diet supplemented with limiting amino acids and microbial phytase on performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of late-finishing barrows. 4 x 8 crossbreed barrows were continuously housed in metabolism cages from 70-110 kg BW and were fed diets, either conventional (A) or protein reduced (B) or protein and phosphorus reduced diets (C) based on barley, maize and soybean meal. Diet A (positive control) contained in air dry matter 13% and 10% CP as well as 0.49% and 0.42% P at growth phases I (70-100 kg BW) or 11 (100-110 kg BW), respectively. Diet B was low in CP (11.3%, 8.4%), diet C low in CP and low in P (CP: as B, P: 0.36%, 0.30%). To diet B the limiting amino acids lysine, methionine, threonine and trypthophan were added to meet the levels in diet A. To diet C the limiting amino acids and 800 FTU/kg Aspergillus-phytase were supplemented. At the end of the balance periods the barrows were slaughtered, the carcasses scored and loin chops, ham and Phalanx prima IV were analysed for nutrients and minerals. The CP or P reduction in diets B and C did not generally negatively affect growth, feed efficiency, absolute nitrogen retention or overall carcass performances of the pigs. With the low CP diets B and C, N excretion per unit BWG was decreased by about 23%. The addition of microbial phytase (diet C) increased apparent total tract digestibility of P by about 20%. In spite of 30% reduction of P intake (diet C), the absolute P retention related to 1 kg BW did not differ between treatments. Thus, phytase supplementation in diet C reduced P excretion per unit BWG by about 33%. Phytase raised apparent digestibility of Zn by about 20% but not Ca digestibility. Generally the carcass traits and meat characteristics were not affected by any of the diet strategies. Mineralization of the Phalanx prima IV was also similar in all treatment groups. However, phytase supplementation led to significantly increased zinc concentration in bones (25%). In contrast, Fe incorporation into the Phalanx prima IV was not affected. In general, the feeding regimen introduced in this experiment offers substantial benefits in maintaining a sustainable environmental-friendly pork production even at the stage of late-finishing barrows. 相似文献
17.
为进一步研究阿旺绵羊在高原环境下生长的羊肉品质,结合西藏本地其他类群羊肉进行对比研究。经现场和实验室对肉品质进行测定,并与多玛绵羊羊肉品质进行了肉质常规营养和氨基酸含量分析对比。结果表明,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的8种必需氨基酸总体含量都比较高,总氨基酸含量为20.68 g/100 g,其中,必需氨基酸总量为8.75 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的42.31%,非必需氨基酸总量为11.93 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的57.69%,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的蛋白质含量平均为22.01%,胆固醇含量为每100 g肉中含30.81 mg,阿旺绵羊羊肉中水分含量达到73.03%,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的脂肪含量平均为3.19 g/100 g,且矿物质含量丰富。 相似文献
18.
During the chemical analysis of the meat of bullocks of different breeds (sample from Musc. long. dorsi), a negative relationship was found between free and bound water on the one hand and dry matter, nitrogen compounds, protein, and fat on the other, between nitrogen compounds and fat, and between protein and fat, and a positive relationship between the content of dry matter, nitrogen compounds, protein, and fat, between free and bound water, and nitrogen compounds and protein. The dependences were mostly significant to highly significant. No relationship was found between the content of ash and the studied chemical components of meat. 相似文献
19.
《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):265-270
Fifteen yearling goats of similar weight were used to evaluate the potential of Zizyphus spina-christi leaves as a supplement to goats fed on Cynodon dactylon grass. Animals were randomly assigned to five feeding regimes and individually stall-fed for a preliminary period of 14 days, followed by 14 days of feeding to determine dry matter intake and digestibility and a 3-month feeding period to determine body weight changes. The treatments were formulated based on leaf:grass ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Z. spina-christi leaves had higher crude protein and lower fibre content than C. dactylon grass (P < 0.05). Dry matter intake, digestibility and body weight changes increased significantly (P < 0.05) as the level of supplementation increased. Thus, Z. spina-christi foliage is a potential feed supplement in the dry season, as the dry season grasses are deficient in the required nutrients and cannot meet goat requirements. 相似文献
20.
《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(3):688-694
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is noted for the production of a large biomass that has a high protein content and is rich in antioxidants. It may thus serve as a high-quality forage material to replace alfalfa and improve the meat quality of farmed animals. In this study, we evaluated the carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats when 0, 35%, 75%, and 100% of dietary alfalfa was replaced with ramie. Crude protein content (linear, P < 0.0001) and key muscle color values at 24 h after slaughter decreased with increasing ramie levels. The content of most individual amino acids, non-essential amino acids (NEAA), total amino acids (TAA), branched chain amino acids (BCAA), functional amino acids (FAA), and flavor amino acids (DAA) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary ramie. The diet in which 35% of alfalfa was replaced with ramie yielded meat with the highest amino acid content, whereas the fatty acid profile was unaffected by the inclusion of ramie. These results indicate that ramie could be used as a potential dietary forage resource for goats, and that substituting 35% of alfalfa with ramie, which is equivalent to 126 g/kg DM content, would be optimal in terms of goat meat quality. 相似文献