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CCK、CCKAR对动物采食量影响的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
胆囊收缩素(Cholecystokinin,CCK)又称作促胰酶素,是一种能引起胆囊收缩和促进胰液中各种酶分泌的胃肠道多肽激素.CCK广泛存在于消化系统、中枢及外周神经系统对动物采食具有抑制作用.猪缩胆囊素受体(Cholecystokinin A receptor,CCKAR)在动物采食量、饱度以及肥胖方面起调节控制作用.本文综述了近些年来CCK CCKAR对动物采食量影响的研究状况. 相似文献
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家禽采食量受多方面因素调控,除了下丘脑这个中枢组织外,外周激素的作用越来越引起人们的注意.这些影响家禽采食量的肽类和类固醇类激素主要有:来自脂肪细胞的瘦素、脂联素和白细胞介素;来自胃肠道的胆囊收缩素、肽YY、生长素、肥胖抑制素、胰高血糖素样肽-1和胃泌酸调节素;来自胰腺的胰岛素和胰多肽.在脂肪组织对食欲的调控上,瘦素起关键作用,其它脂肪信号起辅助作用;而某些个别的胃肠肽(能够)单独调控食欲的证据并不充分,但是肠道信号和脂肪衍生信号形成一个综合系统,共同作用于食物的摄取和终止.本文对这些外周激素在食欲调控中的作用进行总结,对生产实践有一定指导意义. 相似文献
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采食是动物维持生命活动的基本生理过程,是动物生长发育的基础。畜禽采食量的高低直接影响到营养物质的摄入量及生产性能的发挥。在畜牧业生产中,影响采食的因素很多,而应激是其中一个非常重要的影响因素。动物机体的应激反应主要由下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴来调控。下丘脑、垂体和肾上腺皮质通过释放促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和糖皮质激素(GC)这3种应激激素来协同调控动物的应激反应。应激激素对采食行为的调节是一个非常复杂的过程,主要通过稳态和非稳态途径来调节采食,可以双向调控食物的摄入量。稳态途径指的是通过调控机体能量稳态而调控采食。CRH和ACTH通过抑制下丘脑促食欲肽的表达而抑制采食;而GC在中枢和外周发挥着完全相反的作用。非稳态途径指的是通过影响中脑奖赏系统调控采食的愉悦感,是近年来食欲调控研究的热点,越来越多的研究证明了应激激素与奖赏系统的联系。作者针对应激激素调控采食的最新研究报道进行综述,以期为生产实践中新型的采食调控技术研发提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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采食是动物维持生命活动的基本生理过程，是动物生长发育的基础。畜禽采食量的高低直接影响到营养物质的摄入量及生产性能的发挥。在畜牧业生产中，影响采食的因素很多，而应激是其中一个非常重要的影响因素。动物机体的应激反应主要由下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴来调控。下丘脑、垂体和肾上腺皮质通过释放促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和糖皮质激素（GC）这3种应激激素来协同调控动物的应激反应。应激激素对采食行为的调节是一个非常复杂的过程，主要通过稳态和非稳态途径来调节采食，可以双向调控食物的摄入量。稳态途径指的是通过调控机体能量稳态而调控采食。CRH和ACTH通过抑制下丘脑促食欲肽的表达而抑制采食；而GC在中枢和外周发挥着完全相反的作用。非稳态途径指的是通过影响中脑奖赏系统调控采食的愉悦感，是近年来食欲调控研究的热点，越来越多的研究证明了应激激素与奖赏系统的联系。作者针对应激激素调控采食的最新研究报道进行综述，以期为生产实践中新型的采食调控技术研发提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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采食量是限制动物生产性能及遗传潜力发挥的最重要因素之一,但采食量的调节是一个涉及中枢和外周食欲调节网络中诸多环节因素的复杂生理过程,其中负反馈饱食因子在确保机体摄食及代谢平衡方面发挥着重要的作用。免疫调控技术是一种新兴的生物调控技术,利用抗原抗体免疫中和原理削弱或消除抑食信号的作用,同时通过这种免疫介导手段又不会产生像脂多糖或其他病原因素导致的免疫应激,从而实现对畜禽采食量的有效调控。本文主要综述了免疫调控技术在畜禽采食量方面的应用,以期为免疫调控技术在畜禽采食量上的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加CC-Dp对马驹麦草采食量和血清中摄食调控激素的影响。选取20匹17月龄健康无病、体况和采食量相近的伊犁马驹,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为4组,每组5匹,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加500、1000、1500 mg/kg CC-Dp。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组马驹麦草采食量在试验第1~15天显著提高(P<0.05),血清中胆囊收缩素(CCK)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量在试验进行1~15 d分别显著降低和升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组马驹麦草采食量在试验全期内显著提高(P<0.05),血清中CCK含量在试验进行1~15 d极显著降低(P<0.01)、16~30 d显著降低(P<0.05),血清中GABA含量在试验全期均显著提高(P<0.05);各组间血清中神经肽Y(NPY)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、瘦素(LEP)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加1500 mg/kg CC-Dp能显著提高伊犁马驹麦草采食量,显著降低血清中胆囊收缩素含量,显著升高血清中γ-氨基丁酸含量,推测其作用机制可能是通过降低动物体内胆囊收缩素水平以调控动物的采食,且与γ-氨基丁酸的调控途径有关。 相似文献
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下丘脑是动物机体能量代谢的调节中枢,其神经内分泌调节网络的中心环节是感受外周脂肪细胞分泌的瘦素所提供的能量贮存信号,调控下丘脑弓状核内相关蛋白和激素的表达水平,从而调节能量的摄入和消耗,维持机体能量代谢的稳态,能量的摄入离不开采食,而通过能量代谢的途径来控制采食量,尤其对于控制繁殖母猪体质量显的尤为重要. 相似文献
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下丘脑是动物机体能量代谢的调节中枢,其神经内分泌调节网络的中心环节是感受外周脂肪细胞分泌的瘦素所提供的能量贮存信号,调控下丘脑弓状核内相关蛋白和激素的表达水平,从而调节能量的摄入和消耗,维持机体能量代谢的稳态,能量的摄入离不开采食而通过能量代谢的途径来控制采食量,尤其对于控制繁殖母猪体重显的尤为重要.本文就对瘦素调节动... 相似文献
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F. Kaya C. T. M. van Duin G. H. Veenendaal A. S. J. P. A. M. van Miert 《Veterinary research communications》1992,16(5):379-390
The serotonergic regulation of feeding behaviour has not so far been studied in ruminants. Therefore, the effects of some serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists on food intake and forestomach motility were studied in dwarf goats.Goats ate less food when treated intravenously (IV) with the 5-HT precursor 5-HTP (25 µg, 50 µg or 100 µg kg–1 min–1 over 15 min) than when they were treated with 5-HT (which does not pass the blood-brain barrier) or with saline. Accordingly, IV dexfenfluramine infusions (50 µg or 100 µg kg–1 min–1 over 15 min), which induces release of brain 5-HT, also led to dose-related reductions in food intake. In contrast, no anorectic effects were observed after IV infusions with the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (100 µg kg–1 min–1 over 15 min), the selective 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 µg kg–1 min–1 over 15 min), or eltoprazine (4 or 8 µg kg–1 min–1 over 15 min), a mixed 5-HT1A/5HT1B receptor agonist. None of the 5-HT antagonists tested gave any increase in food consumption in this model. Interestingly, the non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide (360 µg/kg IV) reduced food intake. This effect was most noticeable at 3 h after injection. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (IV 10 µg kg–1 min–1 over 15 min) and the peripheral 5-HT2 receptor antagonist xylamidine (IV 100 µg kg–1 min–1 over 10 min) failed to modify food intake. These results provide evidence for central serotonergic involvement in the control of feeding. However, this control system differs markedly in goats and rodents.Dexfenfluramine, 5-HTP and eltoprazine administered at similar dose rates to those used in the food intake experiments induced some clinical signs including inhibition of forestomach contractions. These results, together with our earlierin vivo andin vitro observations, suggest that the inhibitory effects of serotonin receptor agonists on forestomach contractions are due to interactions with both peripheral and central serotonergic receptors. The change in smooth muscle tension, which leads to a change in the signals transmitted via vagal afferents to the central nervous system, appears not to modify feeding behaviour in dwarf goats. 相似文献
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动物肠道内消化代谢产生的各种营养素或其他化学物质,能够通过肠道内分泌和营养素感应系统发挥生理效应。作为肠道内分泌和营养素感应系统重要的组成部分,肠道内分泌细胞通过表面的感应受体(氨基酸感应受体、脂肪酸感应受体和葡萄糖感应受体等),识别感应肠道内各类营养素,不仅调节营养素吸收和代谢,同时能够分泌脑肠肽(胰高血糖素样肽-1、酪酪肽、胆囊收缩素等)。脑肠肽通过由中枢神经系统、自主神经系统以及肠神经系统构成的脑肠神经网络,参与调控机体摄食行为及其他生理功能。本文就动物肠道内分泌系统、脑肠轴以及营养素感应受体等方面研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to review our understanding of the involvement of central and peripheral factors in the control of feed intake in ruminants. The regulation of body weight under various states of energy need depends on an animal's ability to control feed intake to meet these needs. In the central nervous system (CNS), the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus appear to be the areas involved in satiety and hunger, respectively; other important areas are the paraventricular nucleus and rostral brain areas. Intracerebroventricular injection of neurotransmitters, alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, 5-hydroxytryptamine and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, has stimulated feeding in ruminants; intravenous administration of benzodiazepines stimulated feed intake in sheep and cattle, possibly by increasing GABA levels in the brain. Neuropeptides of the opioid and cholecystokinin families have reciprocal hunger-stimulating and satiety-eliciting effects when administered centrally in sheep. Further, concentrations of these neuropeptides in specific areas of the hypothalamus have been shown to change with the state of hunger-satiety of sheep. In the periphery, none of the hormones associated with the pituitary, adrenal gland, pancreas or gastrointestinal tract has been shown to have significant effects on the control of feed intake. In addition, the physical properties of the ingested feed in the gastrointestinal tract, while possibly influencing the rate or pattern of feeding, do not appear to be primary factors in the control of feed intake under many feeding conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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猪采食调控机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
猪的采食量与其生长速度、生产性能息息相关。在保证猪健康生长的同时,尽可能地提高其采食量,是提高养猪生产效益的重要途径。猪的食欲和采食行为受到外界环境、饲养技术、自身物理特性、体内化学和代谢因子、中枢和外周信号因子的综合调控。下丘脑在整合各种信号从而发挥采食调控作用的网络中发挥着关键作用。分子生物学手段的应用使得采食信号因子的研究不断取得突破,NPY、CCK、SS、Orexin、Ghrelin等在下丘脑采食调控网络中的作用和信号途径已日渐明朗,而AMPK、mTOR和Leptin更是成为近年来的研究热点。作者从影响猪采食行为的因素、下丘脑的调控作用及影响采食行为的主效因子等方面展开论述,综述了当前国内外在猪采食调控方面的研究进展,针对存在的问题提出讨论,并对接下来的研究方向做出展望。 相似文献
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Central regulation of food intake in the neonatal chick 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Mitsuhiro FURUSE 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(2):83-94
Regulating food intake is complicated in animals including domestic birds. Just after hatching, neonatal chicks find their food by themselves and they can control food intake, since domestic chicken belongs to the precocial type of avian species. Thus, domestic chickens have relatively well-developed mechanisms of food-intake control at hatching. While many aspects of food-intake regulation in chickens appear similar to that in mammals, there are some responses that are unique to chickens. For instance, some neurotransmitters such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin-A, orexin-B, motilin, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), galanin, growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) and ghrelin stimulate feeding in mammals. Only NPY strongly stimulates food intake in birds similar to that observed in mammals; however, both orexins, motilin, MCH and galanin failed to alter food intake of the chick. Moreover, GRF and ghrelin suppressed feeding of chicks. On the other hand, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), histamine, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), leptin and bombesin are known to suppress feeding in mammals. These responses are similar to those of mammals except for leptin. Therefore, the inhibitory mechanisms for feeding are well conserved in chicks. 相似文献
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Feed intake is regulated in a dialogue between the animal and the feed, which is influenced by numerous factors. The hypothalamus has a central integrative function. Furthermore, caudal brain areas (medulla oblongata, pons) are of importance because these areas are relays of peripheral signals and gustatory afferents. All peripheral informations are integrated by various neurotransmitters and neurohormones. The function of this neuronal system is not exactly known yet. Sensorial informations, mechano-, chemo- and osmoreceptors of the gastrointestinal tract and gastrointestinal hormones are discussed as influences of the periphery. The physiological satiety function of cholecystokinin is questionable in poultry. Hepatic chemoreceptors, which are activated by various metabolites, influence the amount of feed ingested. The feed choice appears to be regulated by the same mechanisms. Our knowledge about the translation of peripheral signals into choice behaviour by changes of neurotransmitter systems is limited. 相似文献