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1.
Serious concerns about carbon (C) sequestration capacity and the stabilization of sequestered C in forested soils have emerged in the context of global climate change. The organic C in soil and in soil fractions at four sampling times in Acacia auriculiformis plantations afforested in 1991 were investigated with a combination of density fractionation and acid hydrolysis techniques. The results showed that the accumulation of C in the forested soils had accelerated because the afforestation of wasteland with A. auriculiformis. The C accumulation rates of the surface and subsurface soils averaged 0.38 and 0.17 t C/ha/yr, respectively, during the 19 yr following the afforestation. The percentage of organic C in heavy fraction relative to total soil organic C at the surface soil was 71% in 2003. This value was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in 2010 (68%). The chemical recalcitrant C index of light fraction was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of heavy fraction in 2003 regardless of soil depth, but both decreased with time. ca. 58–68% of the newly sequestered C was protected by physical mechanism, and 41–50% was transferred into the acid nonhydrolysable fraction during the 12–19 yr after the trees were planted. The chemical stability of the physically protected C remained lower than that of the unprotected C following the afforestation in the valley‐type savannah. However, both the stability values showed a decline with time. 相似文献
2.
藏碳于土是减少温室气体排放的重要途径,紫云英等绿肥回田能显著促进土壤有机碳积累,且培肥地力,但至今有关其种植布局的研究极少结合用地适宜性和固碳培肥现实需求性进行探讨。本文以福建省浦城县为研究区,借助GIS与修正的加权指数和、动态聚类等数学模型集成技术,在基于1∶5万比例尺的区域紫云英用地适宜性评价和耕层土壤碳密度分析的基础上,以适宜性和耕层土壤有机碳密度为指标,遵循最适宜生长和耕层土壤碳密度较低的耕地优先安排为种植用地的原则,将研究区紫云英优化种植区划分为优先、次优先和一般种植区。结果表明,研究区81.82%的耕地不同程度地适宜种植紫云英,耕层有机碳密度介于2.50~5.74 kg×m~(-2),空间差异较为明显。经优化布局的研究区紫云英用地面积占耕地总面积的59.72%,以优先种植区和次优先种植区占优势,分别占研究区紫云英优化布局用地总面积的25.72%和50.34%;其中耕地土壤固碳培肥需求较为强烈的莲塘、水北、古楼、永兴和忠信等乡镇可作为紫云英重点种植区,富岭、仙阳、石陂和九牧等乡镇可作为紫云英种植的后备种植区。基于土地适宜性和固碳需求,择优选取紫云英适宜种植区域,对于其高效种植利用、区域耕地土壤有机质提升计划的科学实施以及耕地质量的有效提高具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
3.
滨海盐渍区不同土地利用方式土壤-植被系统碳储量研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
盐渍区土地利用变化与土壤-植被系统固碳潜力耦合关系的研究对以植被建设、增加碳汇为目的的盐渍区最优土地利用方式的实施具有重要的理论和实际意义。本研究以滨海撂荒盐碱裸地为对照,连续观测和定量描述栽植3年和10年的柽柳林、栽植2年和8年的人工枸杞林及冬季咸水结冰灌溉结合地膜覆盖下的棉田的土壤有机碳和植被生物量的动态变化过程,探讨滨海盐渍区不同土地利用方式下土壤-植被系统固碳能力,为进一步提升区域碳储量提供理论依据。研究表明:1)柽柳、枸杞的栽植及结冰灌溉结合覆膜等土地利用方式在撂荒盐碱地实施后,土壤-植被系统固碳能力明显增强,且土壤容重显著减小;栽植10年的柽柳林和栽植8年的枸杞林土壤-植被系统碳储量最高,分别为118.24 t·hm~(-2)和96.27 t·hm~(-2),比冬季咸水结冰灌溉结合地膜覆盖棉田增加58.51 t·hm~(-2)和36.54 t·hm~(-2),比撂荒盐碱裸地增加83.39 t·hm~(-2)和61.42 t·hm~(-2)。2)对不同土地利用方式固碳趋势研究发现,栽植3年的柽柳林和栽植2年的枸杞林土壤-植物系统固碳速率较高,分别为10.08t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和2.71 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。冬季咸水结冰灌溉结合地膜覆盖棉田固碳速率较低,仅为0.53 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。栽植10年的柽柳和栽植8年的枸杞样地,植株固碳速率明显减慢,土壤-植被系统表现为一个弱的碳源。春季地表覆膜处理棉花存活率低且植株成熟后秸秆被移除,碳储量每年净减少0.86 t·hm~(-2)。撂荒盐碱裸地在无外源碳补充的条件下表现为碳源,土壤-植被系统碳储量减少速率为1.42 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。综上所述,滨海盐渍区人工栽植柽柳和枸杞是提高区域碳储量的有效途径。 相似文献
4.
黄河三角洲长期人工林地对土壤有机碳库的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]探讨黄河三角洲长期人工林对盐碱土壤有机碳库的作用效果,为充分发挥其生态功能与经济效益提供科学依据与技术参考。[方法]以刺槐、白蜡、白榆和臭椿纯林以及刺槐—白蜡、刺槐—白榆和刺槐—臭椿混交林等近30a的7个长期人工林为研究对象,并分别设置标准池,采用多点混合采样法,研究土壤活性有机碳、碳库管理指数的变化规律。[结果]3个混交林地土壤的微生物量碳含量较高,并显著高于其他林地,其中刺槐—白蜡混交林较未造林荒地、刺槐、白蜡、白榆和臭椿纯林分别提高26.16%,17.62%,88.41%,47.99%和21.64%。与未造林荒地相比,长期人工林地的水溶性有机碳含量均明显升高,而在各个不同造林措施中,刺槐—白蜡混交林的水溶性有机碳含量显著高于其他措施。各人工林地较荒地均显著提高了土壤总有机碳含量,其中3种混交林模式的土壤总有机碳含量明显高于对应纯林;同时,林地土壤不同活性有机碳含量的总体变化规律为:惰活性有机碳中活性有机碳高活性有机碳,其中刺槐—白蜡混交林更利于惰性有机碳的积累。此外,各人工林地土壤碳库指数较未造林荒地明显上升,其中刺槐—白蜡混交林的碳库管理指数达最高值,与刺槐—白榆、刺槐—臭椿混交林无显著性差异,但分别较刺槐、白蜡、白榆和臭椿纯林明显高出46.51,34.88,27.55,33.38。[结论]混交林模式较纯林对林地土壤有机碳库的改善效果更显著,对土壤具有较好的培肥作用,并处于良性管理状态,有利于林木的生长发育。 相似文献
5.
A modelling analysis of the potential for soil carbon sequestration under short rotation coppice willow bioenergy plantations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and their association with global climate change have led to several major international initiatives to reduce net CO2 emissions, including the promotion of bioenergy crops such as short rotation coppice (SRC) willow. Although the above-ground harvested bio-fuel is likely to be the major contributor to the CO2 mitigation potential of bioenergy crops, additional carbon may be sequestered through crop inputs into plantation soils. Here, we describe a process-based model specifically designed to evaluate the potential for soil carbon sequestration in SRC willow plantations in the UK. According to the model predictions, we conclude that the potential for soil carbon sequestration in these plantations is comparable to, or even greater than, that of naturally regenerating woodland. Our preliminary, site-specific model output suggests that soil carbon sequestration may constitute about 5% of the overall carbon mitigation benefit arising from SRC plantations. Sensitivity analyses identified the following factors as the principal controls on rates and amounts of soil carbon sequestration under SRC: carbon inputs (net primary production), decomposition rates of the major soil carbon pools, initial soil carbon content (an inverse relationship with rates of soil carbon sequestration), crop/plantation management, and depth of soil being influenced by the bioenergy crop. Our results suggest that carbon sequestration potential is greatest in soils whose carbon content has been depleted to relatively low levels due to agricultural land use practices such as annual deep ploughing of agricultural soils. 相似文献
6.
Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
During the past three decades, agroforestry has become recognized the world over as an integrated approach to sustainable land use because of its production and environmental benefits. Its recent recognition as a greenhouse gas–mitigation strategy under the Kyoto Protocol has earned it added attention as a strategy for biological carbon (C) sequestration. The perceived potential is based on the premise that the greater efficiency of integrated systems in resource (nutrients, light, and water) capture and utilization than single‐species systems will result in greater net C sequestration. Available estimates of C‐sequestration potential of agroforestry systems are derived by combining information on the aboveground, time‐averaged C stocks and the soil C values; but they are generally not rigorous. Methodological difficulties in estimating C stock of biomass and the extent of soil C storage under varying conditions are compounded by the lack of reliable estimates of area under agroforestry. We estimate that the area currently under agroforestry worldwide is 1,023 million ha. Additionally, substantial extent of areas of unproductive crop, grass, and forest lands as well as degraded lands could be brought under agroforestry. The extent of C sequestered in any agroforestry system will depend on a number of site‐specific biological, climatic, soil, and management factors. Furthermore, the profitability of C‐sequestration projects will depend on the price of C in the international market, additional income from the sale of products such as timber, and the cost related to C monitoring. Our knowledge on these issues is unfortunately rudimentary. Until such difficulties are surmounted, the low‐cost environmental benefit of agroforestry will continue to be underappreciated and underexploited. 相似文献
7.
[目的]探讨人工樟子松林对毛乌素沙地土壤颗粒组成和固碳的长期影响,为综合评价沙地植被恢复的生态环境效应提供科学依据。[方法]选择毛乌素沙地东南缘人工栽植21,36和56 a的樟子松林和流沙地为采样地,对0—30 cm的土壤进行了分层取样分析,以探讨人工林建设对半干旱荒漠区土壤颗粒组成及不同粒级含碳量的长期影响。[结果]随着栽植年限的增加,土壤颗粒呈逐渐细化的趋势,且表层(0—5 cm)细颗粒含量均高于下层(5—30 cm)。造林后土壤有机碳(SOC)和无机碳(SIC)含量均显著增加,最高值分别是流沙地的4.90倍和4.32倍;栽植年限对SOC含量和土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)的影响大于SIC含量和土壤无机碳密度(SICD)。相对于流沙地,各粒级SOC,SIC含量均在栽植56 a样地增幅最大,且均在细砂粒组分中增幅最大。团聚体和粉黏粒有机碳含量与土壤总有机碳含量之间存在显著的线性相关关系(p0.01),粗砂粒和粉黏粒有机碳对总有机碳的贡献率和粉黏粒无机碳对总无机碳的贡献率较为显著(p0.05)。[结论]随着樟子松栽植年限的增加,土壤团聚体、粉黏粒含量和土壤固碳能力均显著提高。 相似文献
8.
P. Smith R. Milne D.S. Powlson J.U. Smith P. Falloon K. Coleman 《Soil Use and Management》2000,16(4):293-295
Abstract. The soil sequestration components of recent estimates of the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land were calculated on the basis of a percentage change to the soil carbon stock present in the soil. Recent data suggest that the carbon stock of soil in UK arable land has been overestimated, meaning that potential soil carbon sequestration rates were also overestimated. Here, we present a new estimate of the carbon stock in UK arable land, and present revised estimates for the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land. The stock of soil organic carbon in UK arable land (0–30 cm) is estimated to be 562 Tg, about half of the previous estimate. Consequently, the soil carbon sequestration component of each mitigation option is reduced by about half of previously published values. Since above-ground carbon accumulation and fossil fuel carbon savings remain unchanged by these new soil carbon data, options with a significant non-soil carbon mitigation component are reduced by less than those resulting from soil carbon sequestration alone. The best single mitigation option (bioenergy crop production on surplus arable land) accounts for 3.5 Tg C yr−1 , (2.2% of the UK's 1990 CO2 -carbon emissions), whilst an optimal combined land-use mitigation option accounts for 6.1 Tg C yr−1 (3.9% of the UK's 1990 CO2 -carbon emissions). These revised figures suggest that through manipulation of arable land, the UK could, at best, meet 49% of its contribution to the EU's overall Kyoto CO2 -carbon emission reduction target (8% of 1990 emissions), and 31% of the greater target accepted by the UK (12.5%). Even these reduced estimates show a significant carbon mitigation potential for UK arable land. 相似文献
9.
南方红壤严重侵蚀地不同恢复年限马尾松人工林生态系统碳储量特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]研究南方红壤侵蚀地不同恢复年限植被生态系统碳库储量,为该地区马尾松人工林制定合理的森林经营方式提供理论支持。[方法]以福建省长汀县河田镇裸地、不同恢复年限(10,20,30a生)马尾松人工林和天然次生林为研究对象,测定不同恢复阶段林地植被和土壤碳库储量。[结果]马尾松人工林植被恢复能够显著提高植被和土壤碳库储量。10a,20a,30a生马尾松人工林与裸地相比生态系统碳库储量分别增加2.80,3.54,8.56倍,但依然低于天然次生林;马尾松人工林植被恢复能够显著提高表层(0—10cm)土壤碳库储量,而对深层土壤碳库储量影响不显著;不同恢复阶段植被和土壤碳库增加速率不同,呈现非线性增加。[结论]南方红壤严重侵蚀地植被恢复能够增加生态系统碳库储量,但该地区土壤碳库的恢复是长期的缓慢过程。今后应加强南方红壤地区森林植被的保护,避免植被过度干扰和破坏而引起严重土壤侵蚀。 相似文献
10.
为探究长江中下游地区耕地土壤固碳增汇措施,该研究收集与整理长江中下游地区59处长期定位试验观测数据,量化不同类型耕地土壤有机碳密度变化率的差异特征,运用随机森林模型与线性规划探究土壤有机碳密度变化率的驱动因素与提升途径。结果表明:水田和旱地土壤有机碳密度变化率范围分别为-1 548.15～3 577.10 kg/(hm2·a)和-261.89～3 245.01 kg/(hm2·a),差异不显著(P=0.85)。有机肥氮量、土壤pH值、化肥氮量、秸秆氮量对水田土壤有机碳密度变化率的影响较大;有机肥氮量和化肥氮量对旱地影响较大。因此,建议长江中下游地区可通过有机无机肥科学配施,合理调控水田土壤pH值和秸秆还田量。该研究可为长江中下游地区耕地固碳增汇的技术推广提供参考。 相似文献
11.
樟树人工林对湘东退化红壤性质及微生物碳源利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对湘东红壤丘陵区樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)人工林林下与林间土壤进行配对采样与分析,研究樟树人工林对退化红壤性质及微生物碳源利用的影响。结果表明:与林间土壤相比,林下土壤的pH增加0.95个单位,全磷、全钾和含水量分别提高14.8%,16.8%和45.6%,容重降低8.1%,均达到显著水平。樟树人工林显著增加林下土壤微生物的平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD),林间土壤微生物对碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸、聚合物和酚酸类碳源的利用强度依次仅相当于林下土壤微生物的27.6%,19.2%,23.4%,47.1%和3.5%,但二者对胺类碳源的利用没有明显变化。樟树人工林显著增加林下土壤微生物的丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数。主成分分析发现,樟树人工林改变土壤微生物的碳源利用模式;相关性分析表明,樟林恢复后土壤理化性质的改善是造成微生物碳源利用能力和多样性指数提升的主要原因,而土壤pH是其中的首要驱动因素。综上,樟树人工林有助于提高湘东退化红壤的微生物生态功能,樟树是进行退化红壤生态修复和重建的适宜树种。 相似文献
12.
黄土高原丘陵区退耕还林地土壤碳氮库的动态变化(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了揭示坡耕地退化土壤植被恢复后土壤中碳(C)、氮(N)运移规律,采用植被次生演替空间序列代替时间序列的方法,研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区纸坊沟流域不同植被恢复模式下的C、N库及其相互关系在土壤剖面的时空变化。结果表明退化农地的造林显著地促进了CO2的固存,恢复了土壤N的可获得性,进而降低了N不足对可持续的CO2固存的限制。植被恢复显著地促进了0~60 cm土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)和总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的积累,而只有在高于一定的恢复时间阈值(如26 a)下,促进了SOC库和TN库间的线性相关性。在土壤剖面上,SOC和TN库、SOC/TN库比以及SOC-TN间的线性相关性均随着土壤深度的增加而降低。与自然恢复相比,人工林在短期内具有CO2固存的优势,但由于随着恢复时间的增加,SOC增幅越来越大于TN增幅的事实,表明造林对碳固存的可持续性需在一个较长的时段下来评估,尤其需要关注20 cm以下层土壤。研究结果为黄土高原的生态修复和减缓温室效应提供了理论依据。 相似文献
13.
花椒林在喀斯特石漠化治理中的碳汇效益 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]评价石漠化地区花椒林的碳汇功能,为石漠化治理工程的碳汇效益提供技术示范与参考。[方法]以贵州省花江喀斯特石漠化治理示范区生态环境综合治理模式下顶坛花椒(Zanthoxylum planispinum)为研究对象,依据当地的石漠化现状,通过测定强度、中度和轻度石漠化和不同龄级的花椒林生物量、土壤深度和持土量,对花椒林碳汇量进行估算。[结果]石漠化程度越高,花椒林碳汇量越低,反之,石漠化程度越低,花椒林碳汇量越大,其中轻度石漠化花椒林碳密度为3.24t/hm2,中度石漠化为3.12t/hm~2,强度石漠化为2.81t/hm~2,轻度中度强度;随着土壤深度和持土量的增加,花椒林碳汇量也呈现增加的趋势。[结论]花椒林的平均碳密度为3.06t/hm~2,花椒林的综合最优碳汇经济效益为1.92×10~4~2.56×10~4元/hm~2。 相似文献
14.
黄土丘陵半干旱区人工柠条林土壤固碳特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探讨黄土丘陵区不同生长年限的人工柠条林地土壤有机碳含量的变化特征及其影响因素,更好地阐明黄土丘陵区柠条林土壤的固碳机理,本文采用时空替代法,以撂荒2 a的坡耕地为对照,对黄土丘陵半干旱区不同林龄(10 a、17 a、26 a、34 a、40 a、50 a)人工柠条林地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)及柠条林的根系生物量和枯落物现存量进行了分析。结果表明:1)在0~60 cm的土层剖面上,0~20 cm土层SOC含量明显高于其他土层,并随土层深度的增加逐层递减,其中柠条林地0~20 cm土层SOC含量变化幅度为2.68~11.44 g·kg-1,而40~60 cm土层SOC含量仅在1.64~2.73 g·kg-1波动;与对照相比,随林龄增加柠条林地0~60 cm土层平均SOC含量先减小后增加最后趋于平稳:10 a和17 a柠条林SOC含量比对照显著降低了34.5%和26.9%,26 a柠条林的SOC含量显著升高,其值是对照的1.43倍,40 a和50 a柠条林SOC含量处于积累与消耗相对稳定的状态。2)对SOC含量与STN、STP含量及根系生物量和枯落物现存量进行相关性分析表明,SOC含量与STN含量、根系生物量及枯落物现存量之间存在极显著线性相关,但与STP含量相关性不明显,说明土壤中氮含量的增加能明显提高土壤的固碳能力,而根系生物量和枯落物现存量的多少能够决定土壤的固碳水平。 相似文献
15.
山东低山丘陵土地整治区耕地生态价值评价 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
耕地具有重要的生态价值,但难以定量评价。低山丘陵是中国土地整治的重要区域,整治前后耕地生态价值发生变化。该文以山东省莱芜市里辛土地整治项目为例,基于生态服务价值评价理论,采用替代法、市场定价法等方法,探讨了低山丘陵土地整治区耕地生态价值评价方法及整理前后耕地生态价值变化。结果表明,研究区耕地气体调节、营养循环、水源涵养和土壤保持4种生态服务功能的整理前后总价值分别为428.61和774.90万元,耕地具有较高的生态价值,其中气体调节价值最大。整理后耕地生态价值比整理前增加346.29万元,增值率80.79%,土地整理生态效益显著,其中气体调节价值增加最多。该研究方法对耕地生态价值定量评价有借鉴意义,评价结果可为莱芜市里辛土地整理绩效评价提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
J. Romanyà J. Cortina P. Falloon K. Coleman & P. Smith 《European Journal of Soil Science》2000,51(4):627-641
The Kyoto Protocol explicitly allows the storage of carbon (C) in ecosystems resulting from afforestation to be offset against a nation's carbon emissions and paves the way for carbon storage in soils to be eligible as carbon offsets in the future. More information is required about how afforestation affects carbon storage, especially in the soil. We report a study in which soil carbon storage in first‐rotation Mediterranean Pinus radiata plantations, established on former cereal fields and vineyards, was measured and modelled. Measurements were made on plantations of several ages, as well as repeat measurements at the same site after 5 years. We tested the ability of two widely used soil organic matter models (RothC and Century) to predict carbon sequestration in Mediterranean forest soils. Increases in the top 5 cm of soil of about 10 g C m?2 year?1 were observed after afforestation of former vineyards, but nitrogen (N) either remained the same or decreased slightly. During afforestation, most organic matter accumulated in the ectorganic layers at a rate of 19 g C m?2 year?1 in former vineyards and 41 g C m?2 year?1 in former cereal fields. The RothC and Century models were sensitive to previous land use and estimated a carbon sequestration potential over 20 years of 950 and 700 g C m?2, respectively. The accurate simulation of the dynamics of soil organic matter by RothC, together with measured above‐ground inputs, allowed us to calculate below‐ground inputs during afforestation. The Century model simulated total C and N, including the ectorganic horizons, well. Simulations showed a depletion of N in the below‐ground fractions during afforestation, with N limitation in the former vineyard but not on former cereal land. The approach demonstrates the potential of models to enhance our understanding of the processes leading to carbon sequestration in soils. 相似文献
17.
基于RS与GIS的平朔露天矿区土地利用类型与碳汇量的动态变化 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
为了研究矿区土地复垦与生态重建对陆地生态系统碳素生物地球化学循环的影响,以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为研究对象,通过遥感影像解译,对矿区1976-2009年33a期间的土地利用类型与碳汇量变化进行了研究。结果表明:1)由于采矿活动和土地复垦工程的交互影响,矿区5224.98hm2范围内土地利用类型发生了巨大变化:3346.35hm2的耕地和906.45hm2的林地全部转化为工业广场、剥离区、露天矿坑、未复垦的排土场和已复垦的排土场,其中复垦面积为1167.72hm2;2)矿区生态系统的碳汇量和碳汇价值,分别由1976年的602040.22t和63214.22万元,下降为2009年的351173.50t和36873.22万元;3)1990-1996年和2001-2005年期间,矿区生态系统碳汇量分别有所上升。通过设置研究区域在33a间"全部废弃地未复垦"、"全部废弃地常规复垦"以及"全部废弃地生态复垦"3种情景模拟,得出碳汇量分别为62279.57t、961622.2t和1250108.86t,说明采取科学的土地复垦与生态重建措施,有利于整个矿区生态系统碳汇量的增加。 相似文献
18.
植被恢复是既能保持磷矿开采同时又能有效扼制矿区生态环境的退化,并逐步恢复已退化的矿区生态系统最有效的生物措施。为揭示植被恢复对昆阳磷矿土壤有机碳和碳素积累的影响,研究探讨了昆阳磷矿不同恢复林地的土壤有机碳储量变化。结果表明:（1）不同恢复林地的土壤有机碳含量存在显著差异（p < 0.05）,7种不同植被恢复人工林土壤平均有机碳含量分别是废弃地的14.29倍、11.83倍、11.40倍、5.89倍、15.48倍、15.59倍、18.53倍。（2）土壤有机碳在剖面的含量表现出明显的“表聚作用”,均以表土层（0—20 cm）最大,且随土层厚度的增加,呈下降趋势。（3）不同恢复林地的土壤有机碳密度差别较大,变化趋势和土壤有机碳含量的变化趋势一致,且在同一林分土壤中,单位深度土壤各土层平均有机碳密度均以表层最大,随土层的增加而降低。（4）土壤有机碳主要存储于0—20 cm土层中,平均含量为53.60%,随着土层的加深,土壤有机碳所占比重急剧下降,经过植被恢复,7种人工林土壤有机碳储量较废弃地0—20 cm土壤有机碳储量提高了26.53%,20.39%,34.48%,10.81%,28.62%,39.52%,36.71%,说明目前矿区通过植被恢复后的土壤状况显著优于未进行恢复措施的废弃地。 相似文献
19.
The proportional differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions under different land uses are of significance for understanding the process of aggregation and soil carbon sequestration mechanisms. A study was conducted in a mixed vegetation cover watershed with forest, grass, cultivated and eroded lands in the degraded Shiwaliks of the lower Himalayas to assess land‐use effects on profile SOC distribution and storage and to quantify the SOC fractions in water‐stable aggregates (WSA) and bulk soils. The soil samples were collected from eroded, cultivated, forest and grassland soils for the analysis of SOC fractions and aggregate stability. The SOC in eroded surface soils was lower than in less disturbed grassland, cultivated and forest soils. The surface and subsurface soils of grassland and forest lands differentially contributed to the total profile carbon stock. The SOC stock in the 1.05‐m soil profile was highest (83.5 Mg ha−1) under forest and lowest (55.6 Mg ha−1) in eroded lands. The SOC stock in the surface (0–15 cm) soil constituted 6.95, 27.6, 27 and 42.4 per cent of the total stock in the 1.05‐m profile of eroded, cultivated, forest and grassland soils, respectively. The forest soils were found to sequester 22.4 Mg ha−1 more SOC than the cultivated soils as measured in the 1.05‐m soil profiles. The differences in aggregate SOC content among the land uses were more conspicuous in bigger water‐stable macro‐aggregates (WSA > 2 mm) than in water‐stable micro‐aggregates (WSA < 0.25 mm). The SOC in micro‐aggregates (WSA < 0.25 mm) was found to be less vulnerable to changes in land use. The hot water soluble and labile carbon fractions were higher in the bulk soils of grasslands than in the individual aggregates, whereas particulate organic carbon was higher in the aggregates than in bulk soils. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
The role of the organic carbon occluded within phytoliths (referred to in this text as ‘PhytOC‘) in carbon sequestration in some soils is examined. The results show that PhytOC can be a substantial component of total organic carbon in soil. PhytOC is highly resistant to decomposition compared to other soil organic carbon components in the soil environments examined accounting for up to 82% of the total carbon in well-drained soils after 1000 years of organic matter decomposition. Estimated PhytOC accumulation rates were between 15 and 37% of the estimated global mean long-term (i.e. on a millenial scale) soil carbon accumulation rate of 2.4 g C m−2 yr−1 indicating that the accumulation of PhytOC within soil is an important process in the terrestrial sequestration of carbon. The rates of phytolith production and the long-term sequestration of carbon occluded in phytoliths varied according to the overlying plant community. The PhytOC yield of a sugarcane crop was 18.1 g C m−2 yr−1, an accumulation rate that is sustainable over the long-term (millenia) and yet comparable to the rates of carbon sequestration that are achievable (but only for a few decades) by land use changes such as conversion of cultivated land to forest or grassland, or a change of tillage practices from conventional to no tillage. This process offers the opportunity to use plant species that yield high amounts of PhytOC to enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration. 相似文献