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1.
为探索小麦籽粒发育过程中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化规律,以6个小麦品种为材料,研究了小麦籽粒从开始灌浆到成熟过程中PPO活性和同工酶的变化.结果表明,籽粒不同发育时期PPO活性差异显著,基因型与发育时期互作PPO活性差异不显著,不同品种的不同发育时期PPO活性变异水平不同.小麦籽粒从开始灌浆到成熟PPO的活性变化趋势是先降低然后又升高,但品种间变化幅度不同.同工酶谱中一直存在具有活性的高分子量PPO.中分子量和低分子量PPO是动态变化的,中分子量酶蛋白发育前期逐渐增加,发育后期又逐渐减少,成熟后全部消失;低分子量酶蛋白开始含量较高,随着籽粒的发育逐渐减少,成熟后也全部消失. 相似文献
2.
为了测定单个小麦籽粒中酶氨酸酶及石碳酸氧化酶的活性水平，提出了一个定量比色微滴定盘分析法，将籽粒在酶氨酸溶液中孵育２．５ｈ，用分光光度计测定可溶性色素的光学密度，对８５个硬粒小麦和５５个普通小麦品种进行了检测。多数硬粒麦品种的酶氨酶活性水平较低，而大多数六倍体小麦品种的活水平较高。但是，两类品种的活性范围有所重叠，因此不是总能将硬粒小麦和普通小麦区分开。这一方法简便而又无而粉碎籽粒，适合于在以改良 相似文献
3.
《茶叶通讯》2020,(2)
多酚氧化酶活性测定常使用分光光度法。本试验对目前常用的茶叶多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)的提取工艺和活性测定条件进行了改进,考察了4℃浸提时间、离心处理、反应pH值及温度、底物浓度和反应终止剂对茶叶PPO酶活的影响,并对不同植物来源的PPO酶活进行了比较。结果表明:茶叶多酚氧化酶活性的最佳测定条件为鲜叶匀浆后4℃浸提12 h,8000 r/min离心15 min,取上清酶液于pH值 6.0和37℃条件下,添加质量浓度为1.5%的邻苯二酚作为底物,反应10 min后使用3 mL 1 mol/L的偏磷酸终止反应,于460 nm处测定吸光度值,改进后的方法测定标准差和相对标准偏差均小于5%。使用改进方法测定了福鼎大白(春)、福鼎大白(夏)、香蕉、苹果、皇冠梨和葡萄等植物的PPO酶活大小,发现福鼎大白夏季茶叶PPO酶活性高于春季茶叶,而香蕉PPO的酶活高于其他植物,这为使用茶鲜叶以外的材料制备茶黄素提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
4.
小麦高温抗条锈性表达与苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶活性的关系 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
测定了小麦高温抗条锈性表达过程中小麦叶内苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化。结果表明，高温抗条锈性品种，在小麦高温抗条锈性表达过程中，接种寄主叶内PAL活性对高温非常敏感。在高温处理12h时PAL活性就很快增高，到24h就达到活性高峰，形成一个对高温敏感的特异峰，且该峰可以从高温处理12h持续到72h。小种专化抗锈性的PAL活性也较对照增高，但对温度处理没有明显的活性峰。多酚氧化酶在高温抗条锈性表达过程中变化与对照无明显变化。 相似文献
5.
橄榄果实过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶酶学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
橄榄中酚类化合物氧化分解与过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性有关。研究了橄榄POD与PPO的酶学特性， 确定了以愈创木酚为底物时， 橄榄POD反应时间不宜超过8 min， Km值为44.22 mmol/L， 最适pH值为7.6， 最适反应温度为40 ℃。以儿茶酚为底物时， 橄榄PPO反应时间不宜超过8 min， Km值为7.25 mmol/L， 最适pH值为7.5， 最适反应温度为60 ℃。同时在上述最佳条件下， 研究了多酚含量差异较大的橄榄品种（檀头23和马坑22）中POD、 PPO活性差异， 结果表明，马坑22的POD、 PPO活性都高于檀头23。其中， 马坑22 POD活性比檀头23高12.44％， PPO活性比檀头23高27.31％。 相似文献
6.
光照对紫粒小麦籽粒花色素和黑色素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨光照时期和光照时间对小麦籽粒色素含量的影响,在紫粒、红粒小麦籽粒发育的不同时期对穗部进行遮光处理,成熟后分别测定籽粒中花色素和黑色素的含量.结果表明,花色素和黑色素的形成积累与光照时期关系密切.从开花后15 d开始,光照时间直接影响花色素和黑色素的形成,处理Ⅱ较处理Ⅰ花色素含量高,黑色素含量更高.紫粒、红粒小麦色素对光照时间反应不一,花色素和黑色素含量随光照时间的增加迅速增加,且品种间差异极显著.当光照时间达到376.5 h时,花色素含量均达到最高值,之后逐渐降低.籽粒成熟时,三个紫粒品种花色素含量较红粒品种高2.2倍.当光照时间达到89.6 h时,紫粒品种黑色素开始积累,且呈直线增加趋势,至籽粒成熟时达最高值;红粒品种在光照时间达到305.3 h时黑色素才开始积累.籽粒成熟时,紫粒品种高原115、黑小麦76和陇春432黑色素含量分别为0.281、0.241和0.223,分别较红粒品种陇春15高2.77、3.23和2.56倍. 相似文献
7.
槟榔褐变底物的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以高效液相色谱分析的结果表明,槟榔褐变底物主要是绿原酸和多巴胺;其分部收集液能与已部分纯化的多酚氧化酶相互作用,形成褐变产物;这种褐变产物的吸收光谱 跟标准的绿原酸、多巴胺与酶反应形成的产物的吸收光谱相似。 相似文献
8.
小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）活性是造成面粉及其制品酶促褐变的最主要原因。为快速、准确地检测小麦籽粒PPO活性,将酶标仪应用于PPO活性测定,对小麦籽粒PPO活性传统检测方法（AACC 22-85.01）进行了改良,并利用改良方法测定了283份国内外小麦品种PPO活性。结果表明,改良方法与传统方法所测PPO活性呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.982。应用改良方法对144份小麦品种PPO活性进行重复测定,三次重复间的相关系数高达0.993～0.994。283份国内外小麦品种PPO活性变异范围为1.12 U·g-1·min-1～10.95 U·g-1·min-1,筛选到34份PPO活性较低的品种,可作为亲本材料用于低籽粒PPO活性小麦品种选育。与传统方法相比,改良方法大大减少了工作量,缩短了检测时间,效率提高约12～15倍。因此,本研究中改良的AACC 22-85.01法是一个操作简便、准确可靠、稳定高效的小麦籽粒PPO活性检测方法,可代替传统AACC 22-85.01法用于PPO活性大规模测定,为面制品色泽性状遗传改良提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
为了测定单个小麦籽粒中酪氨酸酶及石碳酸氧化酶的活性水平，提出了一个定量比色微滴定盘分析法。将籽粒在酪氨酸溶液中孵育２．５ｈ，用分光光度计测定可溶性色素的光学密度。对８５个硬粒小麦和５５个普通小麦品种进行了检测。多数硬粒小麦品种的酪氨酸酶活性水平较低，而大多数六倍体小麦品种的活性水平较高。但是，两类品种的活性范围有所重叠，因此不是总能将硬粒小麦和普通小麦区分开。这一方法简便而又无需粉碎籽粒，适合于在以改良面条（ｎｏｄｄｌｅ）和通心粉（ｐａｓｔａ）品质为目的育种项目中检测育种材料。 相似文献
10.
影响面粉色泽因素的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探讨影响面粉色泽的因素，对在黑龙江省两个生态区域种植的小麦品种龙麦26和龙辐麦12的面粉色泽进行了研究。结果表明，面粉蛋白质含量与面粉明度指数(L^*值)呈极显著负相关(r=-0．70)；面粉多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性对面粉色泽影响不大；类胡萝卜素含量与面粉黄度指数(b^*值)呈显著正相关(r=0．60)；小麦籽粒性状(如容重、千粒重等)对面粉色泽也有一定影响。对不同地点种植的同一小麦品种而言，籽粒千粒重和容重越大，其面粉色泽越好，L^*值越高。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
12.
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献