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采用室内外观察法和最小二乘法研究胶刺蛾（Chalcocelis albigutataSnellen）的生物学特性。结果表明：胶刺蛾以幼虫危害油茶叶片,老熟幼虫在叶面处结茧化蛹,每年11月中旬至次年4月上旬以第4代蛹越冬;幼虫共5龄,在25℃下,该虫的世代历期为（89.8±2.3）d;成虫具有正趋性,雌虫平均寿命5.8 d,雄虫平均寿命4.3 d,平均每雌产卵117.5粒,林间性比为1.32∶1（♀∶♂）;不同温度对胶刺蛾各虫态及世代的发育有极显著的影响（P〈0.01）,且发育历期均随着温度的升高而降低;胶刺蛾的卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度分别为7.17、7.07、6.26℃,有效积温分别为87.09、650.19、508.0日度,世代的发育起点温度为7.17℃,有效积温为1373.77日度。 相似文献
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为探明温度对大豆主要害虫豆卷叶螟生长发育的影响,以大豆叶片为主要寄主饲料,研究了19,22,25,28,31℃共5个恒温处理对豆卷叶螟不同虫态的发育历期、发育速率和存活率的影响。结果表明:在19~31℃范围内,随着温度升高,各虫态的发育历期均缩短,发育速率与温度呈显著正相关。豆卷叶螟卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫和世代发育起点温度分别为9.89,10.90,11.18,19.57和13.49℃,有效积温依次为75.16,193.39,98.59,48.34和431.04 d·℃。豆卷叶螟种群存活曲线属于DeveyⅢ型,表现为卵期的高死亡率。这些结果为豆卷叶螟的预测预报提供了基础参考数据。 相似文献
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扶桑绵粉蚧部分生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley给我国的棉花产业发展带来了巨大的威胁。针对扶桑绵粉蚧的形态特征、行为习性、发育起点温度和有效积温以及越冬前后脂肪含量的变化等进行了研究,结果表明：扶桑绵粉蚧存在雌雄二型现象,在30℃条件下,卵、若虫（1龄、2龄、3龄）的生长发育均较快,发育历期分别为1.2±0.17,4.5±0.50,2.3±0.26,3.2±0.17 d,产卵前期为8.1±0.06 d;卵的发育起点温度为14.07℃,有效积温为10.12 d.℃,若虫期（1龄、2龄、3龄）的发育起点温度为7.50,14.74,13.65℃;扶桑绵粉蚧越冬前、后脂肪含量存在明显差异,分别为35.86%和4.9%。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2015,(5)
为大豆田间大造桥虫发生危害的预测和防控提供依据。以大豆为寄主食料,研究了22、25、28、31、34℃共5个温度处理对大造桥虫各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和成虫繁殖的影响,测算了各虫态的有效积温。结果表明:在22~31℃范围内,各虫态发育历期均随温度升高而缩短,且卵、幼虫、预蛹及蛹期的发育速率与温度呈显著正相关;34℃高温对卵发育有明显抑制作用,1~5龄幼虫可以正常发育,但6龄幼虫无法存活;卵在22~28℃时孵化率均在98%以上,幼虫及蛹的存活率均在28℃时最高。大造桥虫卵、幼虫和预蛹的发育起点温度分别为6.68,9.10和10.97℃,有效积温分别为88.96,333.41和33.97日·度。成虫单雌产卵量在31℃时最高为754.83粒,28℃时次之为726.28粒。 相似文献
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通过对柑桔褐带卷蛾的人工饲养，得到其发育的历程，通过计算：卵期发育起点温度10.8℃，有效积温73．5日度；幼虫发育起点温度为9．55℃，有效积温486．2日度；蛹期发育起点温度12．6℃，有效积温104．3日度；成虫发育起点温度19．0℃，有效积温22．7日度；整个生活史的发育起点温度为12．3℃，有效积温704日度，通过相关系数的测验，证实了发育速率与温度的相关性。 相似文献
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在5种不同温度条件下研究了大豆蚜有效积温、发育起点温度、繁殖力等生物学特性。结果表明,大豆蚜各虫态的发育历期随着温度的升高而显著缩短,若虫发育明显受到低温抑制。10℃下发育历期最长为22.08d,15、20、25、30℃分别为14.04,10.67,9.92和6.71d。相对低温同时也抑制大豆蚜繁殖能力,10℃下平均产仔量和日产仔量均为最小,分别为15.73头和1.23头/d。 20和25℃下大豆蚜繁殖力较强,平均每天产仔量分别为27.87和27.36头。通过直线回归分析,得出大豆蚜1龄若虫发育起点温度最高为2.0268℃,有效积温为38.4216日度,大豆蚜世代发育的起点温度为1.6587℃,有效积温为202.7879日度。 相似文献
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在16、20、24、28、32℃5个温度梯度下,观察油棕象甲(Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust)各虫态的生长发育历期和存活率,组建油棕象甲的实验种群生命表。结果表明,在16~32℃温度范围内,油棕象甲各虫态的发育历期随温度的变化而变化,在28℃时,油棕象甲各虫态及全世代的发育历期最短,存活率最高,产卵量最大。在16~32℃温度下,油棕象甲全世代平均发育历期分别为33.68、22.30、15.10、10.30和12.01 d。卵期、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、预蛹期、蛹期、产卵前期和全世代的发育起点温度分别为13.13、13.38、11.59、10.97、4.56、9.84、10.96和13.38℃;有效积温分别为13.57、13.44、18.79、25.53、79.11、47.62、25.98和214.09日度。种群趋势指数(I)在16~32℃温度范围内均大于1,内禀增长率(rm)均大于0,这说明油棕象甲的种群呈增长趋势。油棕象甲在28℃时种群趋势指数和內禀增长率最高,分别为18.944 2和0.285 6;其次为24℃,其生长发育及其繁殖的最适温区为24~28℃。 相似文献
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银合欢异木虱形态及生物学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
银合欢异木虱(Heteropsylla Cubana Crauford)是危害银合欢的重要害虫。成虫和若虫刺吸嫩梢幼叶汁液,并排泄蜜露,导致发生煤烟病。被害嫩梢幼叶萎缩干枯,严重影响生长和产量。每年10月至翌年4月为严重为害期。雌虫产卵量为32—330粒。在海南省儋州地区每年发生15—16代,完成一世代需16—21天。在室外用自然变温法测定其发育起点温度,全世代平均为7.58℃,其中卵为9.05℃,若虫为9.56℃,成虫为4.04℃。完成一世代的有效积温为373.93日度。用空间分布型指数法对调查数据进行测定,田间卵的空间分布为聚集分布型。 相似文献
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不同温度条件下三角新小卷蛾实验种群生命表 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在 16、20、24、28 和 32 ℃5 个温度条件下,观察温度对三角新小卷蛾（Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick）各虫态生长、发育及存活的影响,组建三角新小卷蛾实验种群生命表。结果表明,在 16~28 ℃条件下,三角新小卷蛾各虫态及世代生活历期随着温度的升高而缩短。卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫期及世代的发育起点温度分别为 4.92、3.91、8.54、11.14 和 4.30 ℃,有效积温分别为 55.8、194.4、167.7、49.9 和 544.9 日度。卵孵化率都在92 %以上。内禀增长力（r m ）均大于 0,种群趋势指数（I）均大于 1,在 16~32 ℃温度下该虫种群呈增长趋势。 三角新小卷蛾发育适宜温度为 24~28 ℃。 相似文献
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Composite films based on EVA with CMF were prepared and characterized for their solvent transport nature. CMF were derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa by steam explosion technique and incorporated in the EVA matrix by extrusion. Solvent transport by the composites was analyzed using hexane, heptane and octane as penetrant molecules. The solvent uptake behavior of EVA/CMF composites is explained on the basis of the penetrant size, temperature and the filler loading. The composite had improved barrier property compared with unfilled EVA. This in turn is an indication of good fiber-matrix interaction in the composite system. Diffusion parameters such as diffusion coefficient, permeation coefficient and Arrhenius activation parameters and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy were evaluated in detail. The mode of transport was found to be Fickian. 相似文献
12.
Xiansheng Zhang Xiaoning Tang Ran Wang Rui Wang Xiong Yan Meiwu Shi 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(8):1421-1430
Thermal degradation behaviors and fire retardant properties of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s (POD) and poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers were investigated. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that POD exhibited higher onset thermal degradation temperature (Tonset) than PMIA, exceeding nearly 80 °C. The thermal degradation kinetics, evaluated by the modified Coats-Redfern method, displayed that the apparent activation energy (Ea) of POD and PMIA fibers was similar when the conversion rate (α) ranges from 0.2 to 0.5, while with the α from 0.6 to 0.8, the Ea of POD was significantly lower than that of PMIA. The fire retardant performance of POD and PMIA fibers were evaluated by cone calorimeter under heat fluxes of 35, 50 and 75 kW/m2, during which the temperature of the fibers were monitored by a thermocouple. Surprisingly, POD fibers showed inferior fire retardant performance in comparison with PMIA, with lower time to ignition (TTI) and higher peak heat release rate (PHRR). The origin of the different fire retardant properties of both fibers was revealed by analyzing the residual chars and gaseous products during thermal pyrolysis. The morphology confirmed that stable and compact chars can be formed in PMIA. In addition, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of the residual char revealed that POD can form carbonaceous chars at the heat flux of 50 kW/m2, while the heat flux of PMIA was 75 kW/m2. The pyrolysis products characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) indicated that POD can be pyrolyzed completely at 600 °C, while the temperature of PMIA was 700 °C. 相似文献
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野生大豆(G.Soja)、半野生大豆(G.Gracilis)和栽培大豆(G.max)的核型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用数量统计的方法,分析野生大豆16份,半野生大豆5份和栽培大豆2份的核型。结果表明、野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆染色体数目为2n=40,核型为2n=24m+14sm+2st(SAT)。虽然三者的核型相似,但单倍染色体组长是有差别的,经X~2测定表明,这种差异是由于种间差异引起。因此,大豆核型的研究,对探讨大豆的进化具有重要意义。 在野生大豆中观察到一具有四随体类型,从进化观点看,具四随体类型较具二随体类型物种原始,同时为确定大豆是二倍体还是多倍体植物、提供有价值的材料。 野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆的Giemsa—C带分析表明,三种大豆的带型极其相似,基本带型为:第一组12条染色体有一条着丝点带;第二组12条染色体有一条中间带;第三组12条染色体有一条端带;第四组4条染色体有二条带。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):287-298
Summary It is well known that C4 crops have a lower water requirement than C3 crops. Reasons for the difference are not well understood. Therefore, hydraulic resistance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C4) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (C3) was determined to see if it might be one explanation for the lower water use of crops with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil, which was well watered (soil matric potential of ～0 MPa) or allowed to dry (soil matric potential of ?0.038 MPa and ?0.065 MPa for sorghum and sunflower, respectively). Hydraulic resistance was calculated in two ways: (1) using the classic Ohm's law analogue, which assumes that the relation between flux (transpiration) and difference in water potentials of the soil and plant is linear and (2) using an equation that considers diurnal changes in leaf water content along with transpiration and difference in water potentials. Because change in leaf-water content during a day was small, hydraulic resistances calculated by the two methods resulted in similar values. Sorghum had a linear relationship between flux and difference in potentials (constant hydraulic resistance), but sunflower had a nonlinear one (variable hydraulic resistance). The hydraulic resistance of watered sunflower increased only slightly during a day and averaged about 40 MPa m2 s mol?1, which was 3.5 times less than that of watered or water-stressed sorghum (-140 MPa m2 s mol?1). The hydraulic resistance of water-stressed sunflower increased steeply during a day and by the end of the day it had a hydraulic resistance that approached that of sorghum. 相似文献
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The population density of Closterotomus trivialis (Costa) and its damage potential were studied in citrus and olive orchards of Crete. C. trivialis was found to be most abundant in wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum L., annual mercury Mercurialis annua L., Urtica sp. and upright pellitory Parietaria officinalis L. compared to mallow Malva sylvestris L., prickly goldenfleece Uropermum picroides (L.), sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus L., citrus or olive trees. Its damage potential on the setting of olive fruit was investigated at the early inflorescence stage. When 1, 5 or 10 adults of C. trivialis were enclosed with stems at the 55th and 57th phenological growth stages, the number of fruits was significantly reduced compared to controls.The developmental biology of individuals of C. trivialis was studied on R. raphanistrum at seven constant temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37 °C, under laboratory conditions. No nymphs survived above 35 °C. The highest nymph to adult survival (89.6%) was found at 20 °C and the lowest (40.6%) at 32.5 °C. Mean developmental time as well as adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature. The developmental time from 1st nymphal instar to adult ranged from at least 9.0 at 32.5 °C to 27.8 days at 15 °C. The adults lived from 2.9 days at 32.5 °C to 45.3 days at 15 °C. It required 212.7 degree-days to complete development above a minimum threshold of 7.72 °C as estimated by linear regression and 8 °C as estimated by nonlinear model. The importance of these findings in the management of this species through the prediction of its seasonal appearance is discussed. 相似文献
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本文记述桔狭胸天牛Philus antennatus(Gyllenhal)幼虫形态特征及发生、为害情况。 相似文献
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The oriental (invasive) fruit fly Bactrocera (invadens) dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) has invaded Africa and is currently established in over 30 countries and has caused in massive fruit losses. Avocado (Persea americana Miller) is among the fruit with which the pest is associated. The aim of the study was to determine the host status of a ‘black-skinned’ cultivar “Hass” and two ‘green-skinned’ cultivars “Pinkerton” and “Fuerte” to B. (invadens) dorsalis. In the laboratory study conducted in Kenya in 2012 and 2013, punctured and unpunctured recently-harvested fruit were exposed to sexually-mature fruit fly in ‘no-choice’ experiments. B. (invadens) dorsalis readily developed in the punctured fruit but not in the uncompromised fruit (fruit not damaged by insects or handling). This result was confirmed in Tanzania in 2013 where flies were introduced to unpunctured fruit. In the field studies the fruit of each cultivar were caged in situ with flies for 72 h. On dissection only fruit damaged by false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick)) were found to harbor B. (invadens) dorsalis. In the light of these results the risk imposed for “Hass”, “Pinkerton” and “Fuerte” by B. (invadens) dorsalis is negligible under standard export conditions. The findings of this study and the implications to regional and international trade are discussed. 相似文献