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抗多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌的杀菌剂筛选及其交互抗性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选抗多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法测定23种杀菌剂对8株抗、感多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gtoeosporioides Penz.)的室内毒力.通过EC50值、EC90值及杀菌剂间的交互抗性测定等综合分析表明:对芒果炭疽病菌毒力最强的杀菌剂是咪鲜胺,其平均EC50值和EC90值分别为0.04、0.21μg/mL;苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、氟硅唑、氟硅唑·恶唑菌酮、戊唑醇、腈菌唑和多抗霉素对芒果炭疽病菌的毒力也较强,与多菌灵不存在交互抗性,这9种杀菌剂均可作为防治芒果炭疽病的首选杀菌剂.另外,三唑酮、异菌脲、三环唑和代森锰锌也有较好的抑菌效果,可用于芒果炭疽病的防治.通过交互抗性分析,在苯并咪唑类杀菌剂之间,苯并眯唑类杀菌剂与烯唑醇,嘧菌酯、醚菌酯与腈菌唑·醚菌酯,嘧菌酯、醚菌酯与三唑酮,苯醚甲环唑与氟硅唑·恶唑菌酮之间存在交互抗性;而百菌清与嘧菌酯、醚菌酯和腈菌唑·醚菌酯,恶霉灵与嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、腈菌唑·醚菌酯和三唑酮之间存在负交互抗性. 相似文献
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利用菌丝生长速率法,测定了黑龙江省不同地区的10个稻瘟病菌生理小种对稻瘟灵的敏感性.在所有测试的菌株中,稻瘟灵的抑制中浓度为1.8071～4.7542μg·ml-1最不敏感菌株和最敏感菌株的EC50值相差2.6倍以上,表明黑龙江省的稻瘟病生理小种对稻瘟灵敏感性已存在一定程度的差异;同时,在实验室条件下比较了供试菌株在药剂选择压力(8μg·ml-1)下连续传代10次的EC50值,发现随着选择代数的增加,EC50值有增高趋势,这表明供试菌株在药剂选择压力下敏感性在逐渐降低. 相似文献
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通过菌落生长速率法对我国芒果新病害——芒果畸形病病菌层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)进行室内药剂筛选,以期为该病害的大田防治提供参考。结果表明:从9种单剂EC50和斜率综合来看,咪鲜胺锰盐(EC50为0.075μg/mL、斜率0.85)和多菌灵(EC50为0.3μg/mL、斜率3.69),应用潜力最大,其次是戊唑醇、丙环唑、氟硅唑、多.福.溴菌腈和甲基硫菌灵。29个复配组合中仅有3个配比组合表现出增效作用,其中丙环唑与多.福.溴菌腈以2∶3配比时增效最明显;其次是咪鲜胺锰盐与多.福.溴菌腈、多.福.溴菌腈与甲基硫菌灵分别以1∶4和2∶3的配比也表现出一定的增效作用。其余组合则表现相加或拮抗作用。 相似文献
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20种植物提取物对芒果炭疽菌的抑制作用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了16科20种（其中12种为中草药）植物的丙酮提取物对芒果炭疽病菌株的抑制作用,初步分析了利用植物源农药解决芒果炭疽病抗药性问题的可能性.结果表明,同一药物在不同浓度下作用效果可能存在较大的差异.芒果炭疽病抗药性菌株对供试植物丙酮提取物没有明显的抗药性,100mg/mL（每mL含100mg干物质的提取物）浓度下石菖蒲、艾草、阳春砂、益智、飞机草等植物在芒果炭疽菌抗药性菌株室内试验中其作用效果明显优于1000 mg/L多菌灵,其中石菖蒲丙酮提取物对芒果炭疽病菌敏感菌株（ZJS）、抗药性菌株（ZJR）有效中浓度EC50分别为5.91,4.06 mg/mL,艾草丙酮提取物对芒果炭疽病菌敏感菌株（ZJS）、抗药性菌株（ZJR）有效中浓度EC50分别为9.24,14.53 mg/mL. 相似文献
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为了明确油菜菌核病菌对新型杀菌剂嘧菌环胺的敏感性和该药剂与其它杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定江苏省不同地区的53个油菜菌核病菌菌株对嘧菌环胺的敏感性,并测定对嘧菌环胺不同敏感性的10个菌株对菌核净、异菌脲、腐霉利、多菌灵、咪鲜胺和戊唑醇等杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,菌株间对嘧菌环胺的敏感性差异显著, EC50（抑制中浓度）值在0.0342～1.087 6μg/mL之间;通过EC50值相关性分析,油菜菌核病菌对嘧菌环胺与上述杀菌剂之间不存在交互抗性。 关 相似文献
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水茄提取物对香蕉和芒果炭疽病菌的活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
前期研究发现水茄甲醇提取物有优良的抑菌活性,为明确水茄甲醇提取物的活性分布和进一步直接开发利用作技术储备,采用生长速率法研究水茄甲醇提取物不同溶剂萃取相及水茄植株不同部位提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌和芒果炭疽病菌的抑制活性。结果表明：氯仿萃取相对2种病原菌的抑制活性显著高于其它溶剂萃取相,在5 mg/mL氯仿萃取相的抑菌率分别为64.50％、73.28％,EC50分别为2.104 9、1.642 6 mg /mL;对不同部位甲醇提取物的活性研究表明,在1 mg/mL叶部提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌和芒果炭疽病菌抑制率分别82.70％和84.41％,EC50分别为0.379 8、0.195 2 mg/mL,茎部提取物对二者的抑制率分别为68.27％和71.54％,EC50分别为0.476 4、0.431 4 mg/mL,叶部提取物对二者抑制活性最好,其次为茎部,根部提取物活性最低。 相似文献
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河南省小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河南省小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了戊唑醇对2016年自该省11个县(市)分离的113株病菌菌丝生长的毒力。结果表明,戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长最低抑制浓度为4μg·mL-1,对供试菌株的EC50值变化范围为0.010～0.237μg·mL-1,平均EC50为0.057±0.041μg·mL-1;敏感性频率分布图显示,病菌群体中虽然出现了对戊唑醇敏感性下降的亚群体,但仍有81.4%的菌株的敏感性频率呈正态分布,可将此部分菌株的平均EC50值(0.041±0.016μg·mL-1)作为小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性基线;方差分析(LSD法)及SPSS聚类结果均显示,同一县(市)内的菌株对戊唑醇的敏感性差异较大,EC50最大值和最小值之比变化范围为1.10～14.23,而除周口沈丘及洛阳孟津菌株外,其余地区菌株对戊唑醇敏感性差异不明显,对戊唑醇的EC50平均值变化范围为0.038～0.101μg·mL-1,相差2.66倍;小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇与其对多菌灵、咯菌腈的敏感性之间无明显相关性。戊唑醇依然可以应用到河南省小麦赤霉病的化学防治上,但生产中应持续监测病菌对药剂的敏感性变化。 相似文献
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海南芒果蒂腐病可可球二孢抗药性及遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探索海南芒果蒂腐可可球二孢(Botryodiplodia theobromae)的抗药性、培养特性及遗传多样性的关系。以区分剂量法检测30个菌株对10种杀菌剂的敏感性,采用RAPD技术对菌株的遗传多样性进行分析。研究表明,芒果可可球二孢菌株对多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑和咪鲜胺锰盐7种杀菌剂产生了抗药性,抗性菌株比率(MR和HR)分别为66.67%、70.00%、90.00%、76.67%、53.33%、20.00%和16.67%。供试菌株的培养特性存在明显差异。应用6个随机引物对共扩增出64条带,DNA多态率高达90.6%,遗传距离在0.58~0.86,芒果蒂腐病菌遗传分化较大。在遗传距离为0.65时,可分为两个群,群Ⅰ分成3个类群,共有26个菌株,群Ⅱ分成2个类群。聚合类型与菌株的抗药性表现一致。菌株的致死温度与聚合类型、抗药性有一定的关联。 相似文献
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套袋对芒果中甲基硫菌灵与吡虫啉农药残留的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用甲基硫菌灵与吡虫啉喷施套袋后的热农1号芒果,通过不同果袋处理、多次喷施农药和检测不同果实部位农药残留量3个试验研究套袋对芒果农药残留的影响及农药在果实上的残留和分布情况。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测甲基硫菌灵、降解物多菌灵和吡虫啉,3种残留物最低检出限分别为0.5、0.12和0.5μg/kg。结果表明,不同果袋处理均能显著减少农药残留量,但白色纸袋(白袋)处理和黄色双层纸袋(黄袋)处理无显著差异。多次喷施农药时,对照(CK)果肉中3种农药总残留量在前50 d(喷药4次)持续极显著增加并超标,白袋处理在40 d(喷药3次)达到最大值并处于安全范围,果实成熟时CK和白袋处理农药残留均有所下降。不同果实部位的农药残留差异极显著,CK的外层果皮富集86.02%的甲基硫菌灵残留物和45.62%的吡虫啉,白袋处理则分别为66.93%和43.78%,但吡虫啉在白袋处理中的分布差异不显著。综上说明套袋能有效减少热农1号芒中的农药残留,甲基硫菌灵残留物主要富集果实表皮中,而吡虫啉内吸性更强,在果肉中也有大量残留,在多次喷药时,套袋能将2种农药控制在安全范围。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献