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花生硝酸还原酶与根瘤中固氮酶活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
花生品种间根瘤量的变化有显著差异,但每克根瘤中固氮酶活性则差异不显著。固氮酶活性在全生育期出现两次高峰,分别在下针期和结荚期,而单株根瘤中固氮酶活性和单株根瘤量均在结荚期出现一次高峰。花生主茎复叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)在生育前期出现一次高峰,其活性的高低与品种耐肥性呈负相关。NRA 和根瘤中固氮酶活性有正相关 相似文献
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花生是我国重要的豆科油料作物和经济作物。根瘤是花生共生固氮的重要场所,研究花生根瘤形成的遗传基础,有助于更好地研究花生根瘤固氮能力和固氮特性。然而,关于花生根瘤形成的研究较少,调控花生根瘤形成的遗传机制不清楚。本研究通过对一个高世代RIL群体的根部结瘤性状进行调查,鉴定到7份根部不结瘤家系,根部不结瘤家系的叶绿素含量,以及株高、单株鲜重、单株干重均显著低于双亲。利用前期构建的SSR标记遗传连锁图,在A08和B07染色体上各鉴定到1个主效QTLqPNA08和qPNB07。通过InDel标记加密,将QTLqPNA08的区间由4.7 Mb缩小至1.6 Mb,遗传变异解释率由9.1%增加至16.4%; qPNB07的区间由9.9 Mb缩小至1.8 Mb,遗传变异解释率由7.1%增加至9.9%。根据基因功能注释, 2个QTL区间分别鉴定到4个和2个结瘤素基因存在变异位点。本研究将为解析花生根瘤形成发育以及共生固氮提供理论依据。 相似文献
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施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用框栽试验研究了施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响,结果表明,施氮对大豆根瘤形成、生长和固氮能力有显著影响,随着N用量的增加,根瘤干质量、根瘤数量呈现先逐渐增加而后降低的趋势,而固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量则表现为持续下降的趋势,适量施氮对根瘤生长有显著的促进作用,当氮素供应不足时则会抑制根瘤的生长,但当氮素供应过量时也会抑制根瘤的形成.从根瘤干质量和根瘤数量来看,各处理间表现为N100>N200>N50>N25>NO,以N100处理下根瘤干质量最大,根瘤数量最多,显著高于不施氮(N0)和其他施氮处理,从不同生育时期来看,根瘤干质量表现为从苗期到花期再到鼓粒期,大豆根瘤的数量呈现出先明显增加后逐渐减少的趋势,高峰出现在花期,而根瘤数量表现为花期>苗期.施氮显著抑制了固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量,随施氮水平的增加,固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量显著降低,表现为NO>N25>N50>N100>N200,表明施氮使大豆根瘤的固氮效率显著降低,因此,从大豆固氮效率来讲,施氮对大豆根瘤固氮具有抑制作用.方差分析结果表明,施氮和不施氮处理间均达到了5%的差异显著水平.因此,从大豆固氮和氮肥施用平衡的角度来看,应适量施用氮肥,既可以充分利用大豆的固氮功能,节约氮肥,又可以获得较高的产量. 相似文献
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大豆根瘤固氮酶活性与温度关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆根瘤固氮酶活性的高低是大豆根瘤固氮能力的重要指标,温度对根瘤固氮酶活性影响较大,试验采用室内与室外结合的方式研究了大豆根瘤固氮酶活性与温度的关系。结果表明:无论光照或黑暗条件下,根瘤固氮酶活性都随温度的升高呈单峰曲线,用二次函数拟合效果良好;光照条件下yL=-0.0022x2+0.0885x-0.2971,当温度为20.11℃时,固氮酶活性最高为0.5929mL/(g.h);黑暗条件下yD=-0.0014x2+0.0582x-0.2291,当温度为20.78℃时,固氮酶活性最高为0.3758mL/(g.h)。大豆开花至鼓粒期正值6月上旬至8月下旬,10cm土层土壤温度处于根瘤固氮酶活性最适宜温度范围(20~21℃)的概率日间为4.52%~19.68%,夜间为7.65%~26.47%;适宜温度范围(15~25℃)的概率日间为70.00%~89.35%,夜间为64.71%~100.00%。 相似文献
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提高共生固氮作用方法之一是增强寄主植物的固氮潜力。弗吉尼亚的花生(落花生Arachis hypcgacal)品种(密枝亚种ssp.hypogale密枝变种Var hypogala)和西班牙(spanish)类型(疏枝亚种ssp.fastigiataWaldron var.vulgaris.Harz)品种的固氮能力不同.本试验的目的是测定一个从弗吉尼亚品种和一个西班牙品种杂交所得的高代杂种中的固氮指标性状的变异和相互关系.由弗古尼亚品种、NC_(?)和西班牙选系922杂交得来的F_5和F_6代中的30个F_2家系的固氮活力指示性状的变异作了研究.试验分两年在两地进行,试验中取样三次,分别测定亲本品系和F_2家系的根瘤数,根瘤重用乙炔还原法测定固氮酶活性,专化固氮酶活性及茎叶重。果重在成熟期最后取样测定。品种NC_6,除专化固氮酶活性外,所有测定性状都优于922品系.各家系中观察到大多数性状都存在着显著的差异。根瘤数、根瘤重、固氮酶活性,茎叶重及果重的广义遗传力估算从中到高,这就表明在这样的群体中优良的基因型是能够而且容易被鉴定出.根瘤数和根瘤重相互间和固氮酶性间均呈正相关,这就表明仅仅测定固氮酶即可鉴定优良家系.阅氮酶活性的表现型和基因型相关同茎叶重的关系都显著,在各次取样期及其环境条件下,其基因型的相关系数的范围从0.66—0.89.但是,固氮酶活性和产量的相关值较小(F_5为0.36,F_6为0.57,世代间为0.47),这表明固氮酶活性对荚果重的影响比对茎叶重要小。因此,选择具有较大固氮能力的家系是可能的,而且将导致对产量的间接选择. 相似文献
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磷是植物必需营养元素之一,以多种方式影响作物氮吸收、利用。花生属于豆科作物,氮素营养来源包括土壤、肥料和根瘤固氮。本研究以山东省主推品种花育22号(大花生)和花育20号(小花生)为材料,设置5个施磷(P2O5)水平(0、45、90、135和180 kg hm–2),利用15N示踪技术,进行了2年桶栽试验。结果表明,施磷提高了两花生品种肥料氮、土壤氮及根瘤固氮积累量,其中根瘤固氮积累量的增幅大于土壤氮和肥料氮,年份和品种间表现基本一致;随施磷量增加,根瘤数量、鲜重及根瘤固氮积累比例呈增加趋势,土壤氮、肥料氮积累比例呈降低趋势;施磷量在45～90 kg hm–2范围内,氮肥利用效率、荚果氮素利用效率及产量均呈增加趋势,施磷量超过90 kg hm–2,上述三指标呈降低趋势或不再增加;磷肥农学效率随施磷量增加而降低;根瘤固氮积累量与荚果产量、植株全氮积累量呈极显著正相关,与土壤氮、肥料氮积累比例及氮素荚果利用效率呈极显著负相关。根瘤固氮积累比例与土壤氮和肥料氮积累量、供氮比例及氮肥利用率呈极显著负相关。综上,施磷能增加花生根瘤固氮供氮量及供氮比例,降低对肥料氮和土壤氮的依赖,但过量施磷不利于氮、磷效率和产量的提高。45～90 kg hm–2 (P2O5)为花生适宜施磷量。 相似文献
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The effect of water regimes and soil moisture stress on total nodule number, effective nodule number, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixation in soybean was studied. The effective nodule number, nodule weight, nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixation increased due to increase in water regimes from 0.4 to 0.6 Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE). The stress during either flowering or pod filling reduced the effective nodule number, nodule weight, nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixation. The amount of nitrogen fixed was maximum with 0.8 CPE (50.09 kg ha-1 season-1) followed by 0.6 CPE (42.08 kg ha-1 season-1) and 0.4 CPE (33.04 kg ha-1 season-1). The amount of nitrogen fixed was reduced by 17.71 % and 26.39 % due to stress during flowering and pod filling respectively compared to normal irrigation. 相似文献
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Nitrogenase activity during the reproductive phase of the Hodgson 78 soybean variety was tested in a growth chamber experiment to evaluate its relationships with number, weight and specific nitrogenase activity of the nodules. A multiple regression model is proposed.
The number of nodules did not change, while the total nodule dry weight increased with the increase of the average dry weight.
The regression model adopted showed that the main factors affecting the total nitrogenase activity were the specific activity and the nodule mass, but the former induces the wider variations.
Unlike other crops the counting of the nodules cannot be considered as an indirect predictor for nitrogen fixation. 相似文献
The number of nodules did not change, while the total nodule dry weight increased with the increase of the average dry weight.
The regression model adopted showed that the main factors affecting the total nitrogenase activity were the specific activity and the nodule mass, but the former induces the wider variations.
Unlike other crops the counting of the nodules cannot be considered as an indirect predictor for nitrogen fixation. 相似文献
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Responses of Root Nodule Formation and Nitrogen Fixation Activity to Nitrate in a Split-Root System in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peanut is an important constituent of crop rotation systems with various vegetable crops, which need large amounts of inorganic nitrogen. Nitrate inhibits nodule formation and nitrogen fixation of the peanut plants in these cropping systems. To elucidate this nitrate-induced inhibition, an experimental method using a split-root system was designed and the inhibitory level of nitrate (14 m M ) was applied to half of the roots for 5 or 30 days in pot experiments. In the application of nitrate for 5 days, the dry weight, the nitrogen content, and both the number and the fresh weight of nodules for each half of the roots were unaffected by the nitrate applied to the other half. However, the nitrate induced significantly lower nitrogenase activity in the applied half. In the application for 30 days, nitrate induced a significantly higher nitrogen content in the applied half of the roots, and the inhibitory effect on nodulation and nodule development was observed not only in the applied half but also in the other half. Thus, the inhibitory effect of long-term nitrate application on the nodulation and nitrogenase activity of peanut may be systemic, but that of short-term nitrate application, in which external nitrate may regulate nitrogen fixation, may not be systemic. 相似文献
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Field beans of indeterminate (cv. Nadwiślański) and determinate (cv. Tibo) growth habits were grown on field plots with a density of 20, 40 and 80 plants m−2 at two levels of nitrogen fertilization: low (20 kg N ha−1 ) and very high (150 kg N ha−1 ). At the phase of intense pod growth the number and the dry matter weight of root nodules as well as their nitrogenase activity and some features of the plants growth were determined, and in the period of ripeness the components of seed yield were established.
It was found that increased density of sowing as well as the high level of nitrogen fertilization inhibited the growth and development of root nodules and limited their nitrogenase activity in both cultivars. Plants of both varieties were characterized by a similar potential of forming the root nodules, however, in plants of the cv. Tibo the nitrogenase activity of nodules was much lower than in the cv. Nadwiślański.
Increased population density of the plants has in both varieties given increased seed yield when calculated per m2 of the soil, compensating in excess the depression of the seed yield from one plant. Such compensation did not occur in the case of the depression of nitrogen fixation under intense nitrogen fertilization. 相似文献
It was found that increased density of sowing as well as the high level of nitrogen fertilization inhibited the growth and development of root nodules and limited their nitrogenase activity in both cultivars. Plants of both varieties were characterized by a similar potential of forming the root nodules, however, in plants of the cv. Tibo the nitrogenase activity of nodules was much lower than in the cv. Nadwiślański.
Increased population density of the plants has in both varieties given increased seed yield when calculated per m
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栽培方式对夏直播花生植株生长及产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了探讨麦后夏直播花生的适宜栽培方式及其作用效果,为指导生产实践提供依据。在田间试验条件下,以‘青花7号’花生品种为材料,研究了不同栽培方式对夏直播花生植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明：采用花生夏直播高产保护性栽培法,可矮化株高,主茎高度较地膜覆盖的减少15.7%,防止徒长和倒伏;促进营养器官干物质积累,增加有效开花数、有效果针数;促进荚果发育,单株结果数较其他处理增加0.8~2.0个,公斤果数减少23.8~66.5个;显著增加干物质向荚果中分配的比例,经济系数提高0.08~0.17,荚果产量提高5.5%~29.2%。地膜覆盖的植株生育状况和产量优于露地栽培的,秸秆还田的优于不还田的。研究认为,在本试验条件下,采用花生夏直播高产保护性栽培法是取得夏直播花生高产的最佳栽培方式。 相似文献
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本文目的研究不同气候年型下,江南花生地膜覆盖栽培的适宜性。通过对江南花生种植进行地膜覆盖和生长中后期灌溉的田间试验表明,地膜覆盖在花生生长前期增温保墒,生育期明显提前,个体生长发育良好,生长后期降温保墒,提高经济性状。地膜覆盖增温保墒的增产率为58.4%,降温保墒的增产率为62.2%。在6月20日后采用灌溉处理,夏季高温干旱明显的2007年,旱地露地和覆膜、稻田露地产量比对照分别高出64.6%、37.2%、50.5%,稻田覆膜因土壤水分过多比对照减产40.2%。因此,出现高温干旱天气,及时灌溉能促进旱地栽培、稻田露地栽培花生生长和增产。降水过多会道导致稻田覆膜栽培花生减产,如果气象部门预报夏季降水偏多以连阴雨天气为主,应及时除去稻田地膜。 相似文献