共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
2.
掌握草原害鼠数量变动规律开展综合防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草原鼠害已成为影响畜牧业发展的主要灾害之一,控制鼠害的主要途径是研究主要害鼠生态及种群数量变动规律,从而进行综合防治。害鼠数量消长经过低谷—上升—高峰—下降—低谷四个期。黑线仓鼠、长爪沙鼠,布氏田鼠的数量变动一般低谷期10年以上,上升期1～2年,高峰期1～2年,下降期1～2年。掌握鼠的数量变动规律,建立预测公式,开展预测预报,在鼠数量上升期选用抗凝血杀鼠剂把鼠密度控制在危害阈值之下;对退化草场采取多种措施如禁牧、围栏、封育等使草场恢复生产力,对未退化的草场制定合理载畜量防止过牧,不给鼠类提供适宜的栖息环境;保护鼠类天敌等措施进行综合防治,把害鼠密度长期控制在不危害的程度,实现草地可持续发展。 相似文献
3.
掌握草原害鼠数量变动规律开展综合防治 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
草原鼠害已成为影响畜牧业发展的主要灾害之一，控制鼠害的主要途径是研究主要害鼠生态及种群数量变动规律，从而进行综合防治。害鼠数量消长经过低谷-上升-高峰-下降-低谷四个期。黑线仓鼠、长爪沙鼠，布氏田鼠的数量变动一般低谷期10年以上．上升期1～2年，高峰期1～2年．下降期1～2年。掌握鼠的数量变动规律，建立预测公式，开展预测预报．在鼠数量上升期选用抗凝血杀鼠剂把鼠密度控制在危害阈值之下；对退化草场采取多种措施如禁牧、围栏、封育等使草场恢复生产力，对未退化的草场制定合理载畜量防止过牧，不给鼠类提供适宜的栖息环境；保护鼠类天敌等措施进行综合防治，把害鼠密度长期控制在不危害的程度，实现草地可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
草原鼠害综合防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草原害鼠的防治方法有多种，概括起来可分物理法、化学法、生物法和生态控制法。大面积草地害鼠的防治主要以化学方法为主，生物和生态制法为辅实施综合防治。对害鼠密度达到防治指标的区域，运用适当的技术方法，使害鼠种群保持在经济危害允许水平以下。 相似文献
5.
6.
中华鼢鼠是甘南碌曲草原上主要害鼠之一。据1980年测定,危害面积占草原总面积的16%,尤以禾本科为主的草场上数量最多,对草原畜牧业的危害极大。为了防制鼠害,保护草场,五年来我们对中华鼢鼠的活动规律、生活习性、危害及防制措施等做了一些探讨和观 相似文献
7.
山丹县现辖天然草原365.83万亩,针对草原鼠害严重,药物灭治成本高、害鼠易产生耐药性、容易发生人畜中毒、年年防治年年有鼠的实际情况,我们经过多年的防治研究,探索出了一条运用招鹰灭鼠(生物灭鼠)、药物灭鼠等方法综合防治荒漠草场、荒漠化草原草场鼠害的路子,从根本上将害鼠密度控制在了防治标准以下,达到了有鼠无害、长期控制的目的,有效地保护了草原植被,恢复了草原生态平衡。 相似文献
8.
鼠类不仅侵害人类的居住、办公、仓储等场所,传播疫病,而且破坏性极大,给人类带来严重危害,同时对农林牧业也造成相当大的危害,从阿克苏地区畜牧局草原科70年代末期开始的对本地区草场鼠害的调查来看,草场害鼠种类多、繁衍快,对草场及农作物的破坏十分严重。近几年对地区一些重点区域害鼠的监测又有新的发展,因此对草原鼠情应有新的认 相似文献
9.
2000年我国草原鼠害发生状况及防治对策 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
2000年我国青海、新疆、内蒙古、四川分别发生不同程度的草原鼠害,经济损失巨大。对鼠害发生区的草原以及江源地区的生态环境和水土保持造成严重破坏。草原鼠灾发生的主要特点是:害鼠以小型群居鼠类或地下生活的鼠种为主。草原害鼠加剧了草场退化和荒漠化进程。过度或不合理放牧是鼠灾“爆发”的诱发成因。本文提出防治鼠害发生的对策:建立健全鼠灾预警系统;推广综合防治示范区;讲究合理用药与用药安全;加强对牧工的培训,合理安排草场载畜量;统筹安排畜牧、环境保护与卫生部门的经费,发挥地方政府和群众及各方面积极性。 相似文献
10.
11.
啮齿动物是草地生态系统中的重要成分。监测啮齿动物种群动态对于草地生态系统小型哺乳动物的生态学研究及草地鼠害控制均具有重要的意义。目前国内外对啮齿动物的种群监测主要以铗捕法、笼捕法为主,既费时又费力。红外相机技术的应用可弥补这一缺点,然而关于红外相机技术测度荒漠小型啮齿动物种群数量的研究并不多见。本研究采用红外相机陷阱法和标志重捕法对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区主要啮齿动物的种群数量进行连续监测,并分析不同方法监测结果的优缺点,以期选择一种基于红外相机技术适合荒漠啮齿动物种群数量监测的方法。研究结果表明,基于红外相机技术的随机相遇模型和捕获率模型在评估荒漠区五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)和三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)的种群密度中均具有较好效果,但是捕获率模型在评估子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)种群密度时效果优于随机相遇模型,且捕获率模型涉及参数较少。在监测荒漠啮齿动物种群数量时,对于跳鼠的研究两种方法均可使用,对于啮齿动物多物种种群数量研究,建议采用捕获率模型。 相似文献
12.
《African Zoology》2013,48(2):295-299
Seed removal from bait stations was studied in miombo habitat in western Zimbabwe. Previous studies of seed predation in southern Africa have largely been conducted in desert ecosystems. However, this woodland-savanna habitat is more mesic and has relatively predictable rainfall patterns. The experiment was conducted in grassy and woody microhabitats in the hot, dry season and early wet season, and followed a year in which precipitation was 69 % of the long-term average. Birds removed the greatest quantity of seeds, followed by ants and then rodents. Previous studies in northern hemisphere mesic environments emphasize the importance of rodents and minor role of invertebrates in seed predation. Although our site appears to have more in common with southern hemisphere desert sites than with northern hemisphere mesic sites, we recognize that our results are likely to reflect a lower limit of consumption by rodents. 相似文献
13.
《African Zoology》2013,48(1):295-299
Seed removal from bait stations was studied in miombo habitat in western Zimbabwe. Previous studies of seed predation in southern Africa have largely been conducted in desert ecosystems. However, this woodland-savanna habitat is more mesic and has relatively predictable rainfall patterns. The experiment was conducted in grassy and woody microhabitats in the hot, dry season and early wet season, and followed a year in which precipitation was 69% of the long-term average. Birds removed the greatest quantity of seeds, followed by ants and then rodents. Previous studies in northern hemisphere mesic environments emphasize the importance of rodents and minor role of invertebrates in seed predation. Although our site appears to have more in common with southern hemisphere desert sites than with northern hemisphere mesic sites, we recognize thatour results are likely to reflect a lower limit of consumption by rodents. 相似文献
14.
张掖地区草原啮齿动物种类组成与群落结构研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
草原啮齿动物有３６种,分录于２３属、８科又４亚科,啮齿动物总种数占甘肃省啮齿动物总数的４７．４％,该地区的草原啮齿动物可划分为８个群落,各群落都有其适宜的生态环境、优势种和数量组成、分布特点。就全区而言,长爪沙鼠、高原吕华鼢鼠分别半荒草原、高寒草原和 甸的优势种,它们都中群密度大、分布广、危害重的特点是该地区草原的优势害鼠,应该作为重点防治对象。 相似文献
15.
Stephen B. VANDER WALL Lindsay A. DIMITRI William S. LONGLAND Joseph D. M. WHITE 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(1):75-86
Some rodents gather and store seeds. How many seeds they gather and how they treat those seeds is largely determined by seed traits such as mass, nutrient content, hardness of the seed coat, presence of secondary compounds, and germination schedule. Through their consumption and dispersal of seeds, rodents act as agents of natural selection on seed traits, and those traits influence how rodents forage. Many seeds that are scatter‐hoarded by rodents are pilfered, or stolen, by other rodents, and seed traits also likely influence pilfering rates and seed fates of pilfered seeds. To clarify coevolutionary relationships between rodents and the plants that they disperse, one needs to understand the role of seed traits in rodent foraging decisions. We compared how the seeds of 4 species of plants that are dispersed by scatter‐hoarding animals and that differ in value (singleleaf piñon pine, Pinus monophylla; desert peach, Prunus andersonii; antelope bitterbrush, Purshia tridentata; Utah juniper, Juniperus osteosperma) were pilfered and recached by rodents. One hundred artificial caches of the 4 seed species (25 per species) were prepared, and removal by rodents was monitored. Rodents pilfered high‐value seeds more rapidly than the other seeds. Desert peach seeds, which contain toxic secondary compounds, were more frequently recached. Relatively low value seeds like Utah juniper and antelope bitterbrush were pilfered more slowly and were sometimes left at cache sites, and seeds of the latter species were transported shorter distances to new cache sites. The background density of seeds also appeared to influence the relative value of seeds. 相似文献
16.
内蒙古阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落结构及其多样性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落结构和多样性进行了研究。依据样地种多度(捕获率)聚类方法,并结合生境中地带性植被类型的综合特征,该荒漠区啮齿动物可划分为6个地带性群落。Ⅰ.小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)+三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)+子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)群落。Ⅱ.长尾仓鼠(Cricetulus longicaudatus)+大林姬鼠(Apodemus speciosus)群落。Ⅲ.五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)+子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)+三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)群落。Ⅳ.三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)+小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)+子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)群落。Ⅴ.长耳跳鼠(Euchoreutes naso)+五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)群落。Ⅵ.子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)+黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)群落。其中群落Ⅲ多样性指数最高,为2.0557;群落I与群落IV的相似性系数最大,为0.5147;群落Ⅲ具有代表性。该荒漠区啮齿类数量与生境中的土壤水分、土壤基质呈显著正相关;与建群植物种数呈显著负相关;而与生境的海拔高度相关性极低。 相似文献
17.
Thi Hien BUI Khanh Thuan NGUYEN Shunsuke IKEUCHI Haruka YANAGAWA Yomogi SATO Thi Hong To TRAN Minato OKUMURA Takeshi NIWA Takahide TANIGUCHI Hideki HAYASHIDANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1790
From 2012 to 2021, prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents captured in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was investigated twice a year to clarify the ecology of this pathogen in wild rodent populations. Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O8 was isolated from 13 (1.7%) of 755 wild rodents. The Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates harbored three virulent genes (ail, fyuA, and virF). This pathogen was isolated repeatedly from wild rodents in April 2015, 2016, and 2017, in June and November 2020, and in April 2021, which was 6 of 19 times of observations. All Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates showed the same PFGE patterns. These results indicated that the same clone of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 has been maintained in wild rodent populations in Fukushima Prefecture. Therefore, wild rodent populations contribute substantially to the continuous transmission of Y. enterocolitica O8 and its persistence in the ecosystem. This is the first report on the isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 in wild rodents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. 相似文献
18.
巫溪红池坝改良草地鼠类调查报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对重庆巫溪红池坝改良草地中鼠形动物的种类进行抽样调查、室内饲养、解剖鼠胃和洞道研究，结果显示，该改良草地中有鼠形动物2目3科4种，其对草地危害方式和为害程度均不一样。提出了改良草地中鼠害的防治措施。 相似文献
19.
《African Zoology》2013,48(1):128-137
The breeding dynamics of three species of rodents, Mastomys natalensis, Aethomys chrysophilus and Gerbilliscus vicina were investigated in a seasonal environment (wet versus dry) in Berega in the eastern parts of central Tanzania. Berega has a distinct unimodal rainfall pattern, with most rainfall from November to April/May. We hypothesized that breeding of rodents in central Tanzania would be confined to the wet season, when unlimited resources would be available for reproduction. We provide evidence of breeding discontinuity in the three species, showing that breeding was seasonally restricted to the wet season and early in the dry season. The observed discontinuity could largely be ascribed to variation in primary productivity between the wet and dry seasons. Reproductively active females were found in the population as early as November, a month into the rainy season, but when early rains occurred, some individuals were already breeding in October. Breeding was more intensive in the latter part of the wet season (March–May) and completely ceased during the dry season. For M. natalensis, survival was highest in the wet period and low in the dry season. The study provides knowledge on the breeding dynamics of rodents in central Tanzania, which can help farmers to take proactive rodent management decisions to prevent high rodent densities and reduce crop damage in the fields. Application of control measures by the community early in the season when populations of reproductive females is lowest will be most rewarding. 相似文献