共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
将 HRP 注入颈部食管壁后,在延髓的两侧面神经后核出现大量密集的中、小型标记细胞,在疑核的全长可见散在的大型细胞,在迷走神经背核可见少量小型细胞,以核的前区腹外侧缘标记细胞较多。在闩以上的孤束内侧核和第一颈髓的中间外侧核(疑后核)也看到零星标记细胞。颈前神经节和星状神经节出现大量标记细胞,而以颈前节标记细胞较多,还多次发现小标记细胞紧偎着大标记细胞配对的现象。 相似文献
2.
奶山羊颈迷走神经传出神经元胞体的定位和形态学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将HRP注入颈迷走神经干后,在迷走神经背核的全长出现标记细胞,但该核的尾部以特征性的巨、大或中型梭形标记细胞为主而区别于核的前和中部。在孤束内侧核有散在的类似于背核的标记细胞。在疑核可见大、中、小三型标记细胞,但在疑核嘴侧部的腹侧群即面后核无标记物。在疑后核、上颈髓中间带区有类似于胸髓交感节前神经元的中型标记细胞和分布特征。在脊上核的背侧群和上颈髓的腹角背内侧核和副神经脊髓核有一些大多极标记细胞。 相似文献
3.
Mapping human brain monoamine oxidase A and B with 11C-labeled suicide inactivators and PET 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J S Fowler R R MacGregor A P Wolf C D Arnett S L Dewey D Schlyer D Christman J Logan M Smith H Sachs 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4787):481-485
The regional distributions of monoamine oxidase (MAO) types A and B have been identified in human brain in vivo with intravenously injected 11C-labeled suicide enzyme inactivators, clorgyline and L-deprenyl, and positron emission tomography. The rapid brain uptake and retention of radioactivity for both 11C tracers indicated irreversible trapping. The anatomical distribution of 11C paralleled the distribution of MAO A and MAO B in human brain in autopsy material. The corpus striatum, thalamus, and brainstem contained high MAO activity. The magnitudes of uptake of both [11C]clorgyline and L-[11C]deprenyl were markedly reduced in one subject treated with the antidepressant MAO inhibitor phenelzine. A comparison of the brain uptake and retention of the 11C-labeled inactive (D-) and active (L-) enantiomers of deprenyl showed rapid clearance of the inactive enantiomer and retention of the active enantiomer within MAO B-rich brain structures, in agreement with the known stereoselectivity of MAO B for L-deprenyl. Prior treatment with unlabeled L-deprenyl prevented retention of L-[11C]deprenyl. Thus, suicide enzyme inactivators labeled with positron emitters can be used to quantitate the distribution and kinetic characteristics of MAO in human brain structures. 相似文献
4.
《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,262(5132):321
In the article " Evidence found for a possible ' aggression gene' " by Virginia Morell (Research News, 18 June, p. 1722), the collaborative teams of Peter Seeburg at the University of Heidelberg, Germany; Jean Shih at the University of Southern California; and Creed W. Abell at the University of Texas, Austin, should also have been credited with cloning the human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes. Seeburg and his colleagues published their research in the July 1988 issue of the Proceedigs of the Nationl Acaderny of Sciences. Xandra Breakefield and her colleagues reported their cloning of the MAO A gene in the October 1988 issue of the Joumal of Neurochemistry. Although Breakefield's group also cloned the MAO B gene, they did not publish this research. 相似文献
5.
猪下丘脑开胃素 A的分布定位 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
用免疫组织化学方法研究了5头苏钟猪下丘脑内开胃素(orexin)A的分布。结果表明,在猪下丘脑内,开胃素A免疫阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的视前内侧区、室周核、室旁核、视上核、背内侧核、穹隆周核、乳头体核、前区、外侧区和后区等部位,以下丘脑外侧区、乳头体核和视上核出现的免疫阳性神经元最多,以室周核的最少。这一结果与在其他动物上获得的基本相似。 相似文献
6.
Lobo MK Covington HE Chaudhury D Friedman AK Sun H Damez-Werno D Dietz DM Zaman S Koo JW Kennedy PJ Mouzon E Mogri M Neve RL Deisseroth K Han MH Nestler EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6002):385-390
The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, are poorly understood. We show that deletion of TrkB, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, selectively from D1+ or D2+ neurons oppositely affects cocaine reward. Because loss of TrkB in D2+ neurons increases their neuronal excitability, we next used optogenetic tools to control selectively the firing rate of D1+ and D2+ nucleus accumbens neurons and studied consequent effects on cocaine reward. Activation of D2+ neurons, mimicking the loss of TrkB, suppresses cocaine reward, with opposite effects induced by activation of D1+ neurons. These results provide insight into the molecular control of D1+ and D2+ neuronal activity as well as the circuit-level contribution of these cell types to cocaine reward. 相似文献
7.
单胺氧化酶（monoamine oxidase，MAO）是一种在生物体内具有重要功能的酶类，调节体内多种神经递质的浓度，如肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺等，与精神性疾病密切相关。根据其底物和抑制物特异性MAO可以分为MAO-A和MAO-B 2种亚型。这2种亚型由不同的基因编码。为了了解MAO的2种亚型MAO-A和MAO-B在仔猪体内的分布情况，本研究用半定量RT-PCR的方法检测了仔猪心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、骨骼肌、十二指肠、结肠、大脑组织中二者mRNA的表达量（P〈0．05）。结果表明：MAO-A在各个组织中都有较高的表达，肝脏和肌肉组织中的表达量显著低于肾和大肠组织；MAO-B基因主要在仔猪的肺、心、肝、脾、肾等组织表达，在大脑、肠、胃、肌肉内表达较少（P＜0.05），或几乎不表达。 相似文献
8.
【目的】探究鸡肠Remak神经（intestinal nerve of Remak,INR）的神经元和过路节超微结构,为进一步阐明INR的生理功能提供理论基础。【方法】应用透射电镜技术观察鸡肠INR元与过路节的超微结构。【结果】INR有大量体积巨大的神经元和少量小强荧光细胞分布。神经元胞体周围有零散的卫星细胞围绕,但不能形成完整被囊,可见卫星细胞与神经元胞体之间形成突触样联系。神经元周围基膜不明显,神经元胞体表面常直接与周围细胞间质接触。细胞核圆而表面平滑,染色质松散清亮,核内可见棒状小体的特殊结构。核仁明显,结构和组成典型。胞质内分布着丰富的微管、发达的粗面内质网和高尔基复合体,粗面内质网池常有扩张膨大。可见中央有孔的致密颗粒分布于核周质,可能为肽类递质分泌颗粒。核糖体除了附着于粗面内质网表面外,还有大量游离核糖体分布于胞质中。线粒体形态多样,并有致密化现象。肠INR被膜下分布着少量成群的小强荧光细胞,其胞质和胞核的电子密度较高,细胞之间有不对称的突触联系。根据突触小泡的不同,INR内分布着4种过路节,它们与周围结构形成不同的突触联系。【结论】INR神经元具有旺盛合成和分泌功能的超微结构特征,而过路节的组成和联系显示出INR支配活动的多样化和复杂性。 相似文献
9.
10.
Coding channels in the taste system of the rat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Basic taste qualities are thought to be perceived independently, yet discrete neural coding channels have not been demonstrated in the central nervous system. The response profiles of taste cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the rat were categorized into four groups, and the effects of amiloride, a passive sodium channel blocker, on each were determined. NTS neurons that responded specifically to sodium chloride (NaCl) or to NaCl and sugars were suppressed by amiloride; those broadly sensitive to salts, acids, and bitter stimuli were unaffected. Moreover, the response profile evoked by NaCl lost its distinctiveness after treatment with amiloride, becoming similar to those evoked by acids and quinine. Receptors that respond to sodium must relay their information through independent coding channels to identifiable subgroups of NTS neurons, the activity of which is responsible for the perception of saltiness. 相似文献
11.
DeFalco J Tomishima M Liu H Zhao C Cai X Marth JD Enquist L Friedman JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5513):2608-2613
We report the development of a pseudorabies virus that can be used for retrograde tracing from selected neurons. This virus encodes a green fluorescent protein marker and replicates only in neurons that express the Cre recombinase and in neurons in synaptic contact with the originally infected cells. The virus was injected into the arcuate nucleus of mice that express Cre only in those neurons that express neuropeptide Y or the leptin receptor. Sectioning of the brains revealed that these neurons receive inputs from neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus, as well as the amygdala, cortex, and other brain regions. These data suggest that higher cortical centers modulate leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. This method of neural tracing may prove useful in studies of other complex neural circuits. 相似文献
12.
对造成香菇原生质体单核化后两种交配型单核体比例偏离1,1分离的遗传背景进行探讨.结果表明,B因子或是与B因子连锁的因子对这种偏离有明显的影响,而A因子对此影响不明显.B因子特异性不同,与之相对应的交配型单核体出现的比例亦不同,特异性越高,其对应交配型单核体在经原生质体单核化后将以较大的比例出现.参试的2个香菇菌株中4个B因子特异性顺序为B1B>3B>4B>2.双-单杂交所形成的由受体细胞质和受体、供体细胞核组成的同质异核体经原生质体单核化裂解后均与受体交配型相同的核居多,表明受体细胞质环境对双一单杂交所得异核体裂解后的核的存活和数量起着重要作用.作为供体的2个核中只有亲和力强的那个核优先迁移到受体中,形成新的异核体,即存在先导核.先导核与B因子的亲和特异性有关,特异性越高,先导核迁移速度越快. 相似文献
13.
【目的】检测促黄体激素/绒毛膜促性腺激素受体（luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor,LCGR）在山羊星状神经节（stellate ganglion,SG）中是否存在,探讨促黄体激素（luteinizing hormone,LH）和绒毛膜促性腺激素（choriogonadotropin,CG）是否可以影响星状神经节的活动。【方法】取雄性和雌性成年山羊的星状神经节各5对,经免疫组织化学SP法后,观察LCGR在星状神经节的分布特点,Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (IPP 6.0)软件图像半定量分析技术,分析星状神经节中的神经元和非神经元的LCGR分布差异。【结果】山羊星状神经节的神经元和非神经元均有不同程度的阳性染色。LCGR强阳性产物分布于神经元的胞质中和神经突起上,但细胞核中无LCGR分布;卫星细胞、血管内皮细胞的胞质中有弱阳性产物,LCGR在神经元和非神经元中的表达量呈极显著性差异（P＜0.01）。【结论】LCGR受体广泛分布于山羊星状神经节中,且主要分布于神经元的细胞质中和细胞膜上,星状神经节具备接受LH和CG调节的条件。 相似文献
14.
遗传背景对水稻无融合生殖材料C1001双胚苗频率影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
同核异质雄性不育材料与无融合生殖材料Ｃ１００１Ｂ杂交和回交表明，Ｃ１００１Ｂ的双胚苗，是受核基因控制的性状，双胚苗频率的表达，具明显的胞质效应和胞核效应，在胞质效应中，不育胞质与可质胞质的差异尤其显著，不育胞质对双胚苗的表现有明显的抑制作用，不同世代间胞质效应和胞核效应的表现也不一致。此外，环境条件对Ｃ１００１的双胚苗表现有一定的影响。 相似文献
15.
为了揭示不同生理期催产素(Oxytocin,OT)在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴中的分布特点,采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶(Streptaridin-peroxidase,SP)法研究了OT免疫反应产物在乏情期奶山羊下丘脑中的分布。结果显示:OT样神经元存在于视上核、室旁核弓状核、室周核、穹隆周核、下丘脑前核、下丘脑后核、腹外侧核、背内侧核、下丘脑外侧区以及乳头体各核团等27个核区,分布区域呈前端尖、中部宽、后钝圆的梭形带。此外,在室旁核观察到大量的强阳性神经纤维,第三脑室附近的纤维伸向脑室内。说明OT在下丘脑广泛存在,且下丘脑OT经神经垂体、第三脑室、血管3条途径释放,经血液循环最终作用于靶细胞而发挥生理作用。 相似文献
16.
Although it is known that Parkinson's disease results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, the resulting alterations in activity in the basal ganglia responsible for parkinsonian motor deficits are still poorly characterized. Recently, increased activity in the subthalamic nucleus has been implicated in the motor abnormalities. To test this hypothesis, the effects of lesions of the subthalamic nucleus were evaluated in monkeys rendered parkinsonian by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The lesions reduced all of the major motor disturbances in the contralateral limbs, including akinesia, rigidity, and tremor. This result supports the postulated role of excessive activity in the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. 相似文献
17.
Egg-laying behavior in Aplysia is mediated by a set of peptides, including egg-laying hormone (ELH), which are released by a cluster of identified neurons, the bag cells. A family of neuropeptide genes which includes the gene encoding ELH along with two additional genes encoding the A and B peptides thought to initiate the egg-laying process has been isolated and their nucleotide sequence has been determined. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence was used to explore the origin and distribution of the neurons that express this family of genes. The ELH genes are expressed, not only in the bag cells, but in an extensive system of neurons distributed in four of the five ganglia of the central nervous system. The genes for ELH are expressed in these cells early in the animal's life cycle. As a result, it was possible to use in situ hybridization to trace the cells expressing ELH to their site of origin. The cells originate outside the central nervous system in the ectoderm of the body wall and appear to migrate to their final locations within the central nervous system by crawling along strands of connective tissue. 相似文献
18.
为明确牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦的染色体组成及雄性败育特点,采用分子标记技术和酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦是否含有1BL/1RS易位染色体进行了鉴定。另外,为揭示牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦败育发生的时期和败育的细胞学机理,以牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦(Ju87B1-706A)和其同型保持系(706B)为供试材料,采用I2-K染色、醋酸洋红染色、DAPI染色和石蜡切片法对其花药形态特征及小孢子形成和发育过程进行细胞学观察。结果表明:Ju87B1-706A具有黑麦1RS的特异扩增条带(1 500bp),但缺少1BS的特异扩增条带(220bp),与其在A-PAGE结果的ω区与黑麦特异蛋白谱带的结果相对应,从而说明牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦Ju87B1-706A为1BL/1RS雄性不育小麦类型;I2-K染色说明Ju87B1-706A的败育类型为典败和染败;Ju87B1-706A能正常进行减数分裂形成小孢子,到单核晚期时能形成正常的核但细胞皱缩,二核期细胞形态不规则能形成正常的精核但有些营养核不清晰,三核期精核呈圆形不能形成梭形的精核并发生部分空胞化;其单核晚期花药中绒毡层的延迟解离以及二核期三核期细胞团侵入药室造成小孢子败育,从而推测单核晚期是其雄性不育发生的关键时期,可能与绒毡层异常有关。 相似文献
19.
Dong M Yeh F Tepp WH Dean C Johnson EA Janz R Chapman ER 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5773):592-596
How the widely used botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) recognizes and enters neurons is poorly understood. We found that BoNT/A enters neurons by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 (isoforms A, B, and C). Fragments of SV2 that harbor the toxin interaction domain inhibited BoNT/A from binding to neurons. BoNT/A binding to SV2A and SV2B knockout hippocampal neurons was abolished and was restored by expressing SV2A, SV2B, or SV2C. Reduction of SV2 expression in PC12 and Neuro-2a cells also inhibited entry of BoNT/A, which could be restored by expressing SV2 isoforms. Finally, mice that lacked an SV2 isoform (SV2B) displayed reduced sensitivity to BoNT/A. Thus, SV2 acts as the protein receptor for BoNT/A. 相似文献
20.
Firing patterns of hypothalamic supraoptic neurons during water deprivation in monkeys 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water deprivation in monkeys caused an acceleration of action potential firing of supraoptic neurons, but not of neurons located 2 to 3 millimeters above the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus. Whereas in the normally hydrated animal only 12 percent of the neuroendocrine cells discharged periodically, the proportion of these periodic bursters increased markedly with increasing plasma osmolarity. This finding suggests that such periodically firing supraoptic neurons are those engaged in active neurohypophyseal hormone secretion. 相似文献